Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Keynote Address, Shamusudeen Usman

Economic and Financial Review

This is a keynote address delivered at the seminar with the theme " poverty alleviation: a more pragmatic approach

Special Remarks By Dr. O. J. Nnanna, O. J. Nnanna

Economic and Financial Review

This is a special remark delivered at the executive seminar on the theme, poverty alleviation: a more pragmatic approach

Concepts, Measurement And Causes Of Poverty, D. O. Ajakaiye, V. A. Adeyeye

Economic and Financial Review

Thoughts. on appropriate conceptualization, measurement and accurate characterization of determinants of poverty has a long history. From analytical perspective, thinking about poverty can be traced back at least to the codification of poor laws in medieval England, through to the pioneering empirical studies, at the tum of the century, by Booth in London and by Rowntree in York. Rowntree's study, published in 1901, was the first to develop a poverty standard for individual families, based on estimates of nutritional and other requirements. In the 1960s, the main focus of poverty debate was on the level of income, reflected in macro …

An Appraisal Of Poverty And Poverty Reduction Strategies In Nigeria, Fidelis O. Ogwumike

Economic and Financial Review

The present paper assesses not only the efforts of the current administration in poverty reduction, but also the · role played by past administrations so as to identify a more pragmatic approach to poverty reduction in Nigeria The next section looks at a poverty profile in Nigeria with a view to identifying ·some of the salient issues. Section IIL examines the various approaches to poverty reduction. Section IV appraises poverty reduction in Nigeria. Section V, offers some suggestions on poverty reduction in Nigeria.

Poverty Reduction And Structural Reform, Chris E. Nemedia

Economic and Financial Review

Poverty bas no precise definition. Being a relative concept, it has no universally adopted definition that can be applied to all societies and all nations of the world. We can talk of a poor person or a poor nation. You may describe a person as poor if his income is below subsistence level. But the subsistence levels of income vary from society to society and from nation to nation. In spite of the absence of a precise and an all-embracing definition of poverty, it is quite easy to recognize or identify the attributes of a poor person or the characteristics …

Rising Cost Of Food Prices And Food Insecurity In Nigeria And Its Implication For Poverty Reduction, P. A. Okuneye

Economic and Financial Review

Trade liberalization stimulated the growth of export of agricultura1 commodities in Nigeria white its serious implementation lasted. As usual with the country, the implementation of trade liberalization policies relaxed .with time. The boost in the ·· agricultural export sector took a down turn and with the advent of democracy, massive imports of luxury goods began to dominate the economic scene. In essence, over the last . is· years, that is, since 1986, when the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) came into being. the nation had witnessed a gross neglect of the food_ production sector. As such when food prices began to …

Micro-Finance As A Strategy For Poverty Reduction, O. O. Akanji

Economic and Financial Review

The paper established the facts that poverty is indeed increasing in Nigeria based on the poverty assessment study commissioned and sponsored by the World Bank in 1995. It further indicated in the introduction that the World Bank and the IMF group are focusing on poverty reduction as a prerequisite for debt relief The paper is structured into five sections with introduction being section one. Section two gives conceptual framework and reviews some country experiences of microcredit programs. Section three describes the efforts put in place in Nigeria-the World Bank group efforts and the IMF to alleviate poverty while section four …

The Role Of The Financial Sector In Poverty Reduction, J. O. Aderibigbe

Economic and Financial Review

The objective of this paper is · to examine the role and challenges facing the financial sector in providing the necessary financing on appropriate terms, volume and value, and in a timely manner. The paper is divided into six sections; following this introductory part, the conceptual framework on the role of the financial sector in poverty reduction is outlined. In section three the experience of the role of the financial sector in fighting poverty is reviewed with specific emphasis on the role of banks in micro- credit delivery in section four. Section five examines future challenges of the sector while …

Unemployment: Concepts And Issues., Englama A.

Bullion

The issue of persistent unemployment and overall manpower planning and utilization poses a great challenge to policy planners, human resources experts, and persons debating with employment programmed planning and implementation. Based on the experience of the NDE at promoting financial support for graduate employment promotion, there is a need for a sensitization programmed for public/commercial banks and other institutions on the need for lending to small and micro enterprises. This paper has examined Past policy measures for solving unemployment problems. There is strong need for institutional collaboration and improved coordination of policy measures for dealing with unemployment. It is evident …

Restructuring The Educational System As A Long-Term Solution To The Unemployment Problem In Nigeria., Abraham B. Borishade

Bullion

The educational process, formal or informal consciously created, represents an essential investment necessary for industrialization; such education must be planned to fit the needs of a changing society so that as the Urban complex grows and demands expand. Education is the key with which to unlock the economic potential of the people. In contemporary developing countries, there is an incongruous relationship between education and their economies. This is reflected in the rising pool of the phenomenon of educated unemployed more than ever before. This paper examines the increasing problem associated with unemployment in Nigeria. The author conclude that It is …

Evaluation Of Past Policy Measures For Solving Unemployment Problems., Nicholas A. Damachi

Bullion

The issue of persistent unemployment and overall manpower planning and utilization poses a great challenge to policy planners, human resources experts, and persons dealing with employment programmed planning and implementation. This paper undertakes a review and evaluation of the past policy measures that have been adopted to solve unemployment problems in the county. There is strong need for institutional collaboration and improved coordination of policy measures for dealing with unemployment. This paper has examined Past policy measures for solving unemployment problems. There is strong need for institutional collaboration and improved coordination of policy measures for dealing with unemployment. While there …

Off-Shore Borrowing And Guarantees By Banks: Implication For Portfolio Management., C. C. Edordu

Bullion

The subject I have been asked to reflect on is important and somewhat provocative given the potential significance of foreign capital in the development process and the implied doubt the topic raises about the capacity of banks to manage their portfolios on accessing external finance. With regard to financing tenors, it is pertinent to point out that the tenor of liabilities of most banks in Nigeria and Africa is short. The paper has focused on the various discussions about the conditions for good governance, which raises questions about the structure and functioning of the state, its relationship to society and …

The Role Of Governance In National Development., Nathaniel C. Ozigbo

Bullion

One of the principal issues in the analysis of development is the extent to which the state and corporate organizations influence it. Prevailing ideas about the links among democracy, good governance and economic growth have come almost full circle over the past three decades. Governance is defined as the good government of society. Good government guides the country along a course leading to the desired goals, in this case development. The paper has focused on the various discussions about the conditions for good governance, which raises questions about the structure and functioning of the state, its relationship to society and …

Poverty Reduction In Nigeria: The Way Forward, Mike I. Obadan

Economic and Financial Review

The description of Nigeria as a paradox by the World Bank (1996) bas continued to be confirmed by events and official statistics in the country. The paradox is - that the poverty level in Nigeria contradicts the country's immense wealth. Among other things, the country is enormously endowed with human, agricultural, petroleum, gas, and large untapped solid mineral resources. Particularly worrisome is that the country earned over USS300 billion from one resource - petroleum - during the last three decades of the twentieth century. But rather than record remarkable progress in national socio-economic development, Nigeria retrogressed to become one of …

The Poverty Of Hard Work: Multiple Jobs And Low Wages In Family Economies Of Rural Utah Households, Christina E. Gringeri

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

The combination of paid work and poverty, or near poverty, is a growing problem in the United States, one of which is often accentuated by residence in rural, low-wage communities where underemployment is more prevalent than in metropolitan areas. This paper examines the experiences of sixty rural families with inadequate employment using data from ethnographic interviews with a particular focus on the strategies they use to meet their family's needs in spite of low-wage work.

The Role Of Social Capital In Reclaiming Human Capital: A Longitudinal Study Of Occupational Mobility Among Displaced Steelworkers, Allison Zippay

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

This paper examines the employment and income effects of job training, education, and social network contacts over a l0-year period among a random sample of steelworkers who lost jobs to plant closings in the early 1980s in a manufacturing community in Western Pennsylvania. First interviewed in 1987, a majority of the 102 respondents were unemployed or underemployed. A second round of interviews was conducted in 1997 with 87 of the original respondents to examine changes in income and employment status, the types of training and education that had been pursued over the course of 10 years, and their use of …

Feeling The Heat Of Human Rights Branding: Bringing Transnational Corporations Within The International Human Rights Fence, Robert Mccorquodale

Human Rights & Human Welfare

A review of:

Human Rights Standards and the Responsibility of Transnational Corporations edited by Michael K. Addo. The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 1999. 384pp.

Capitalizing On Market Reforms: Facets Of Legal Development In Contemporary China, Stefanie Elbern

Human Rights & Human Welfare

A review of:

Law and Justice in China’s New Marketplace by Ronald C. Keith and Zhiqiu Lin. New York: Palgrave, 2001. 315pp.

and

Profits and Principles: Global Capitalism and Human Rights in China by Michael A. Santoro. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2000. 256pp.

Risk Sharing Through Social Security Retirement Income Systems: A Comparison Of Canada And The United States, John A. Turner

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Targeting Welfare-To-Work Services Using Statistical Tools, Randall W. Eberts

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Laborious Law, Bas De Gaay Fortman

Human Rights & Human Welfare

Inaugural Address at Utrecht University, on the occasion of accepting the Chair in Political Economy of Human Rights 21 MAY 2001

This paper may be freely circulated, either electronically or on paper, on condition that it not be modified in any way and that the rights of the author are in no way infringed. You may provide a link to this paper on any Web site. You may not, however, post it on another site without the author's express permission.

Bank Lending Behaviour And Output Growth: An Empirical Analysis With Implication For Monetary Policy Formulation In Nigeria, Joseph O. Nnanna

Economic and Financial Review

Preliminary findings from the empirical analysis show that the banking sector has not supported real sector output growth in its lending policy. The combined effects of risk aversion and infrastructural problem in the real sector represent serious constraints on credit flow to the private sector and the sectors declining marginal product of capital. Overall, while the banking sector has indeed, succeeded in deposit mobilization, it has nevertheless, not done a good job in its intermediation functions. The analysis further reveals the presence of policy distortions in the system, and its negative influence on banks' lending behavior. The need to address …

Nigeria's Economic Growth: Performance And Determinants, Essien Abel Essien

Economic and Financial Review

in this paper some recent developments in time series econometrics, which is of great potential for extending the frontier of economic research is applied to Nigerian data in order to estimate a production function type equation as well as examine the key macroeconomic determinants of economic growth in Nigeria. Of particular application is the vector error correction modelling technique. Apart from the determination of criteria for selecting the lag length, the paper also explored variance decomposition and effect of shocks through the impulse response function. Results from the econometric analysis revealed that output was elastic to capital injection in the …

Analysis Of Formal Lending To The Agricultural Sector In Nigeria: 1978 - 98, Dayo Phillip

Economic and Financial Review

Towards the attainment of the goals of the Nigerian agricultural sector, relevant policies have been formulated and implemented during the post-independence years. The agricultural credit policy, among several others, was aimed at ensuring adequate funds for the agricultural sector. The objective of this paper is to estimate the relationship between formal lending to agriculture and some assumed determinants of agricultural credit lending during the 1978- 98 sample period. Lending by financial institutions to the agricultural sector was viewed for the pi11pose of model development in this study as the "supply of credit" to agriculture. Thus, the sets of determinants of …

Developments In The Insurance Industry In Nigeria In 1999, Central Bank Of Nigeria Cbn

Economic and Financial Review

This report indicates that the size of Nigeria s insurance industry shrank in 1999, according to a survey conducted by CBN. The development was sequel to the exit of some insurance companies that could not fulfil the recapitalisation requirement by the National Insurance Commission (NA/COM). However, paid-up capital in the industry increased by 7.1 per cent in 1999, owing to the additional equity capital injected into the joint-venture insurance companies. Aggregate income and expenditure in the industry increased, although expenditure grew faster during the year under review. The investments of the insurance companies declined by 11.2 per cent from its …

Long Memory In Turkish Inflation Rates, Haluk Erlat

Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies

No abstract provided.

Inflation And Output Growth In Turkey, 1963-1999, Tevfik F. Nas, Mark J. Perry

Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies

No abstract provided.

Policy And Progress In Moroccan Agriculture: A Retrospective And Perspective, Channing Arndt, Wallace E. Tyner

Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies

No abstract provided.

Simulation Of Risks And Benefits From A Money Purchase Pension Scheme For Turkey, Serdar Sayan, Ahmet Tuncay Teksoz

Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies

No abstract provided.

Assessing The Performance Of Islamic Banks: Some Evidence From The Middle East, Abdel-Hameed M. Bashir

Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies

No abstract provided.