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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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- Agricultural economics (8)
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- Family financial socialization (2)
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Articles 1 - 30 of 57
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Signals From On High And The Power Of Growth Mindset: A Natural Field Experiment In Attracting Minorities To High-Profile Position, Jeffrey A. Flory, Andreas Leibbrandt, Christina Rott, Olga B. Stoddard
Signals From On High And The Power Of Growth Mindset: A Natural Field Experiment In Attracting Minorities To High-Profile Position, Jeffrey A. Flory, Andreas Leibbrandt, Christina Rott, Olga B. Stoddard
Faculty Publications
We conduct a large-scale natural field experiment with a Fortune 500 company to test several approaches to attract minorities to high-profile positions. 5,000 prospective applicants were randomized into treatments varying a portion of recruiting materials. We find that self-selection at two early-career stages exhibits a substantial race gap. Importantly, we show that this gap can be strongly influenced by several treatments, with some increasing application rates by minorities by 40 percent and others being particularly effective for minority women. The heterogeneities we find by gender, race, and career stage shed light on the underlying drivers of self-selection barriers among minorities.
Strength In Numbers: A Field Experiment In Gender, Influence, And Group Dynamics, Olga B. Stoddard, Christopher F. Karpowitz, Jessica Preece
Strength In Numbers: A Field Experiment In Gender, Influence, And Group Dynamics, Olga B. Stoddard, Christopher F. Karpowitz, Jessica Preece
Faculty Publications
Policy interventions to increase women’s presence in the workforce and leadership positions vary in their intensity, with some including a lone or token woman and others setting higher quotas. However, little is known about how the resulting group gender compositions influence individuals’ experiences and broader workplace dynamics. In this paper, we investigate whether token women are disadvantaged compared to women on majority-women mixed-gender teams. We conducted a multi-year field experiment with a top-10 undergraduate accounting program that randomized the gender composition of semester-long teams. Using laboratory, survey, and administrative data, we find that even after accounting for their proportion of …
Introduction To The Special Issue On Couples, Families, And Finance, Melissa A. Curran, Ashley B. Lebaron, Xiaomin Li, Casey J. Totenhagen
Introduction To The Special Issue On Couples, Families, And Finance, Melissa A. Curran, Ashley B. Lebaron, Xiaomin Li, Casey J. Totenhagen
Faculty Publications
For the nine papers that appear in this special issue, we identified three main organizing themes: (1) Understudied aspects of family financial socialization, (2) Individuals or couples in different-sex romantic relationships, and (3) Finances and perceived parent–child relationships. In this introduction, we describe the main points of each of these papers within each theme. We also discuss what we have learned from these papers (e.g., finances assessed using eight different datasets; range of samples including adults repaying loans, newlywed couples, and a nationally representative sample of U.S. college students) as well as what future research questions remain (e.g., financial studies …
Finances, Depressive Symptoms, Destructive Conflict, And Coparenting Among Lower-Income, Unmarried Couples: A Two-Wave, Cross-Lagged Analysis, Melissa A. Curran, Xiaomin Li, Melissa Barnett, Olena Kopstynska, Alexa B. Chandler, Ashley B. Lebaron
Finances, Depressive Symptoms, Destructive Conflict, And Coparenting Among Lower-Income, Unmarried Couples: A Two-Wave, Cross-Lagged Analysis, Melissa A. Curran, Xiaomin Li, Melissa Barnett, Olena Kopstynska, Alexa B. Chandler, Ashley B. Lebaron
Faculty Publications
Following from an adapted family stress model (FSM), we used two-wave, secondary data from the Building Strong Families project, focusing on 4,424 primarily lower-income, unmarried couples expecting their first child together. We used cross-lagged analyses to test the directionality of the associations among financial difficulties, depressive symptoms, destructive interparental conflict, and coparenting alliance for both fathers and mothers when children were 15 and 36 months old. Two of the three hypotheses provided support for the FSM. First, destructive conflict predicted coparenting alliance (but not the reverse). Specifically, higher destructive conflict at 15 months for both fathers and mothers predicted lower …
Rationalizing Self-Defeating Behaviors: Theory And Evidence, Lars J. Lefgren, Olga B. Stoddard
Rationalizing Self-Defeating Behaviors: Theory And Evidence, Lars J. Lefgren, Olga B. Stoddard
Faculty Publications
Why do individuals engage in self-defeating behaviors like self-harm, addiction, and risky sexual behaviors? Why do they experience the apathy of depression or inaction when trapped by multiple competing problems? We propose a framework for explaining these and other related behaviors based on the insight that individuals can only experience a limited number of latent stimuli to which they are exposed. We conduct an experiment to test this model and find that more than two thirds of the subjects behave consistent with our theoretical framework.
Increasing Workplace Diversity: Evidence From A Recruiting Experiment At A Fortune 500 Company, Jeffrey A. Flory, Andreas Leibbrandt, Christina Rott, Olga B. Stoddard
Increasing Workplace Diversity: Evidence From A Recruiting Experiment At A Fortune 500 Company, Jeffrey A. Flory, Andreas Leibbrandt, Christina Rott, Olga B. Stoddard
Faculty Publications
While many firms have set ambitious goals to increase diversity in their ranks, there is a dearth of empirical evidence on effective ways to reach them. We use a natural field experiment to test several hypotheses on effective means to attract minority candidates for top professional careers. By randomly varying the content in recruiting materials of a major financial services corporation with more than 10,000 employees, we find that signaling explicit interest in employee diversity more than doubles the interest in openings among racial minority candidates, as well as the likelihood that they apply and are selected. Impacts on gender …
Financial Socialization: A Decade In Review, Ashley B. Lebaron, Heather H. Kelly
Financial Socialization: A Decade In Review, Ashley B. Lebaron, Heather H. Kelly
Faculty Publications
The financial socialization individuals receive is associated not only with their future financial wellbeing but also relational, mental, and physical wellbeing. This paper is a review of the literature on financial socialization, especially papers published between 2010 and 2019 in the Journal of Family and Economic Issues. We first review family financial socialization theory and then review empirical documentation for the theory, organized by (a) family socialization processes (e.g., parent financial modeling, parent-child financial discussion, and experiential learning as three primary methods of financial socialization) and (b) financial socialization outcomes (e.g., financial attitudes, financial knowledge, financial behaviors, and financial wellbeing). …
Family Matters: Decade Review From Journal Of Family And Economic Issues, Heather H. Kelly, Ashley B. Lebaron, E. Jeffery Hill
Family Matters: Decade Review From Journal Of Family And Economic Issues, Heather H. Kelly, Ashley B. Lebaron, E. Jeffery Hill
Faculty Publications
This article reviews research regarding economic influences on a variety of family matters published in Journal of Family and Economic Issues from 2010 to 2019. As finances permeate nearly every facet of everyday life, scholarly research related to finances and family issues has spanned a wide array of topics. We briefly review research focused on the following 11 areas related to finances and family matters: (a) family formation decisions, (b) gender and relational power in family finances and relationships, (c) finances and fathers, (d) finances and mothers, (e) finances and parenting, (f) finances and elderly family members, (g) finances and …
Parent Financial Socialization Scale: Development And Preliminary Validation, Ashley B. Lebaron, Melissa A. Curran, E. Jeffery Hill, Margaret E. Freeh, Russell B. Toomey, Katherine E. Speirs
Parent Financial Socialization Scale: Development And Preliminary Validation, Ashley B. Lebaron, Melissa A. Curran, E. Jeffery Hill, Margaret E. Freeh, Russell B. Toomey, Katherine E. Speirs
Faculty Publications
A theoretically-grounded, validated measure of parent financial socialization is needed. This paper describes the development and validation process of three new scales: the Parent Financial Modeling Scale (eight items), the Parent-Child Financial Discussion Scale (nine items), and the Experiential Learning of Finances Scale (three items). These may be treated as subscales of a multidimensional latent construct: the Parent Financial Socialization Scale (20 items). The three scales measure the three primary methods of family financial socialization. The scales are designed to be retrospective, with target participants being U.S. emerging adults (age 18-30). A rigorous development process was undertaken: an initial pool …
Romantic Attachment Orientations, Financial Behaviors, And Life Outcomes Among Young Adults: A Mediating Analysis Of A College Cohort, Xiaomin Li, Melissa A. Curran, Ashley B. Lebaron
Romantic Attachment Orientations, Financial Behaviors, And Life Outcomes Among Young Adults: A Mediating Analysis Of A College Cohort, Xiaomin Li, Melissa A. Curran, Ashley B. Lebaron
Faculty Publications
Guided by the Vulnerability-Adaption-Stress model (Karney and Bradbury 1995), we used data from 635 college-educated young adults to examine associations between romantic attachment orientations (i.e., attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance) and young adults’ life outcomes (i.e., financial satisfaction, life satisfaction, and relationship satisfaction; Aim 1). We also conducted a mediating model to examine indirect associations from romantic attachment orientations to life outcomes via young adult’s own financial behaviors and perceived partners’ financial behavior (i.e., each young adult’s perception of their partner’s financial behaviors; Aim 2). For Aim 1, high attachment anxiety and/or high attachment avoidance was associated with low life …
“It Takes A Village To Raise A Rigorous Qualitative Project”: Studying Family Financial Socialization Using Team-Based Qualitative Methods, Loren D. Marks, Christina M. Rosa, Ashley B. Lebaron, E. Jeffery Hill
“It Takes A Village To Raise A Rigorous Qualitative Project”: Studying Family Financial Socialization Using Team-Based Qualitative Methods, Loren D. Marks, Christina M. Rosa, Ashley B. Lebaron, E. Jeffery Hill
Faculty Publications
This purpose of this case study is to relate the methods used to conduct a qualitative research project about family financial socialization designed by emerging adults, primarily employing emerging adults as the primary research participants (although some of their parents and grandparents are interviewed). A sample of 153 respondents (128 undergraduate students, 17 parents, and eight grandparents) at three universities was recruited to assure diversity. We outline and discuss our team-based approach to qualitative data collection, analysis, and coding procedures, as well as how a team of 10 undergraduate students was incorporated into this approach. We relate the challenges and …
On Using Interval Response Data In Experimental Economics, James Mcdonald, Olga B. Stoddard, Daniel Walton
On Using Interval Response Data In Experimental Economics, James Mcdonald, Olga B. Stoddard, Daniel Walton
Faculty Publications
Many empirical applications in the experimental economics literature involve interval response data. Various methods have been considered to treat this type of data. One approach assumes that the data correspond to the interval midpoint and then utilizes ordinary least squares to estimate the model. Another approach is to use maximum likelihood estimation, assuming that the underlying variable of interest is normally distributed. In the case of distributional misspecification, these estimation approaches can yield inconsistent estimators. In this paper, we explore a method that can help reduce the misspecification problem by assuming a distribution that can model a wide variety of …
Run, Jane, Run! Gendered Responses To Political Party Recruitment, Jessica Robinson Preece, Olga B. Stoddard, Rachel Fisher
Run, Jane, Run! Gendered Responses To Political Party Recruitment, Jessica Robinson Preece, Olga B. Stoddard, Rachel Fisher
Faculty Publications
Many researchers point to gender inequities in party recruitment practices to explain women’s underrepresentation on the ballot. However, there has been little systematic research about how men and women respond to recruitment, so we do not know whether gender-balanced recruitment would actually lead to genderbalanced outcomes. We conduct two studies to address this question. First, in cooperation with a county Republican Party, we identically recruited 5510 male and 5506 female highly active party members to attend a free candidate training seminar. Republican women were half as likely to respond to the invitation as men. Second, we conducted a survey experiment …
Effort, Luck, And Voting For Redistribution, Lars J. Lefgren, David P. Sims, Olga B. Stoddard
Effort, Luck, And Voting For Redistribution, Lars J. Lefgren, David P. Sims, Olga B. Stoddard
Faculty Publications
We conduct an experiment to determine how the correspondence between economic rewards and effort, as opposed to luck, affects subjects' ex post voting over redistribution. We find that a large, statistically significant proportion of both high- and low-payoff voters are willing to vote contrary to their self-interest in favor of groups that exert proportionately more effort. We confirm these results in an additional, distinct sample. We also show that when subjects' own effort is greater than the group's average effort level, they exhibit greater self interest in voting for redistribution compared to subjects whose effort is below average. Our results …
Fire-Sale Fdi? The Impact Of Financial Crises On Foreign Direct Investment, Olga B. Stoddard, Ilan Noy
Fire-Sale Fdi? The Impact Of Financial Crises On Foreign Direct Investment, Olga B. Stoddard, Ilan Noy
Faculty Publications
We analyze the evolution of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows to developing and emerging countries around financial crises. We empirically examine the Fire-Sale FDI hypothesis and describe the pattern of FDI inflows surrounding financial crises. We also add a more granular detail about the types of financial crises and their potentially differential effects on FDI. We distinguish between mergers and acquisitions(M&A) and greenfield investment, as well as between horizontal (tariff jumping) and vertical (integrating production stages) FDI. We find that financial crises have a strong negative effect on inward FDI in our sample. Crises are also shown to reduce the …
Why Women Don’T Run: Experimental Evidence On Gender Differences In Political Competition Aversion, Jessica Preece, Olga B. Stoddard
Why Women Don’T Run: Experimental Evidence On Gender Differences In Political Competition Aversion, Jessica Preece, Olga B. Stoddard
Faculty Publications
Women's underrepresentation in leadership positions has been well documented, but the reasons behind it are not well understood. We carry out a field experiment to test a prominent theory about the source of the gender gap in leadership ambition: women's higher aversion to competitive environments. Using politics as a context for our study, we employ two distinct subject pools – highly politically active individuals and workers from an online labor market. We find that priming individuals to consider the competitive nature of politics has a strong negative effect on women's interest in political office, but not on men's interest, hence …
Does The Message Matter? A Field Experiment On Political Party Recruitment, Jessica Robinson Preece
Does The Message Matter? A Field Experiment On Political Party Recruitment, Jessica Robinson Preece
Faculty Publications
Do men and women respond to various party recruitment messages similarly? Working with the Utah County Republican Party, we designed a field experiment in which we invited over 11,600 male and female party activists to attend a free, party-sponsored “Prospective Candidate Information Seminar” by randomizing different invitation messages. We found that women were half as likely as men to respond to recruitment—log on to the seminar website for more information, register for the seminar, and attend the seminar. While we found some suggestive evidence about what recruitment messages may particularly motivate women or men vis-a-vis a control message, our findings …
An Experimental Study On The Relevance And Scope Of Nationality As A Coordination Device, Olga B. Stoddard, Andreas Leibbrandt
An Experimental Study On The Relevance And Scope Of Nationality As A Coordination Device, Olga B. Stoddard, Andreas Leibbrandt
Faculty Publications
In a period marked by extensive cross-national interactions, nationality may present an important focal point that individuals coordinate on. This study uses an experimental approach to study whether nationality serves as a coordination device. We let subjects from Japan, Korea, and China play coordination games in which we vary information about their partner. The results show that nationality serves as a coordination device if common nationality is the only piece of information available to the subjects. The strength of this device is nationality-dependent and diminishes when participants are provided with additional information about their partner. We also find that subjects …
Ebay Or Amazon? Time-Sensitive Retail Purchases Via Auctions, Brennan C. Platt
Ebay Or Amazon? Time-Sensitive Retail Purchases Via Auctions, Brennan C. Platt
Faculty Publications
We consider a population of buyers who have unit demand for a homogeneous good, and only differ in terms of how soon they need to purchase it. These buyers have access to a stochastic stream of second-price auctions, as well as a retail outlet that can be used at any time. We characterize the equilibrium bidding dynamics, showing that bidders steadily raise their reservation price as they approach their deadline. This market produces a considerable degree of dispersion in auction revenue. Surprisingly, extending the buyers' deadlines actually increases expected revenue and the fraction of buyers using the retail outlet.
The View From City Hall: Local Perceptions Of Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations In The Czech Republic, Scott M. Smith, Phillip J. Bryson, Gary C. Cornia
The View From City Hall: Local Perceptions Of Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations In The Czech Republic, Scott M. Smith, Phillip J. Bryson, Gary C. Cornia
Faculty Publications
This article analyzes perceptions of inter-governmental fiscal relations as held by local officials of the Czech Republic. The field study probes local perceptions of progress toward fiscal decentralization in the Czech Republic. A statistical analysis is based on a scaling of cities according to size and according to a generalized, multi-part measure of fiscal autonomy. This measure is effective in discriminating high and low autonomy cities by size, types of expenditures, and funding sources. Cities of diverse sizes are divided into groups reflecting perceptions of greater or lesser autonomy. The implications of the findings are discussed.
The Use Of Securities Data In Determining Discount Rates For Real Property, Hal B. Heaton
The Use Of Securities Data In Determining Discount Rates For Real Property, Hal B. Heaton
Faculty Publications
When the income approach is used to value real property, appraisers forecast anticipated cash flows from the property and discount those cash flows to arrive at a present value. To do this, appraisers must determine an appropriate rate for discounting the future cash flows. Market value is usually defined as the price between a willing buyer and a willing seller. Appraisers therefore should study the market for the type of properties involved to determine the discount rates used by buyers and sellers of those properties in actual transactions.
Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations In The Czech Republic: A Survey Of Municipality Expenditure Patterns, Phillip J. Bryson, Scott M. Smith, Gary C. Cornia
Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations In The Czech Republic: A Survey Of Municipality Expenditure Patterns, Phillip J. Bryson, Scott M. Smith, Gary C. Cornia
Faculty Publications
A survey of Czech local officials probes perceptions of intergovernmental relations. Perceived autonomy and municipality size are tested as autonomy indicators. The impact of the city size on municipal expenditures from different funding sources is evaluated. Cross-tabulations of city size identify revenue sources for various expenditures and activities. For all expenditures, use of funds is more effectively explained by city size than by the fiscal choices of high- and low-autonomy groups. A graphic analysis of relationships between expenditures and revenue sources complements the statistical analysis. Radar charts reveal sources for small versus large and low- versus high-autonomy cities.
A Survey Of Perspectives On Intergovernmental Relations: A Comparative Analysis Of The Czech And Slovak Republics, Phillip J. Bryson, Gary C. Cornia, Scott M. Smith
A Survey Of Perspectives On Intergovernmental Relations: A Comparative Analysis Of The Czech And Slovak Republics, Phillip J. Bryson, Gary C. Cornia, Scott M. Smith
Faculty Publications
The results of a survey of local government officials from the Slovak and Czech Republics taken in December of 2005 are presented and analyzed. Attitudes about and perspectives of intergovernmental fiscal relations in the two republics are probed. Differences and similarities in Czech and Slovak views are established regarding some of the perceptions of: local autonomy and the sufficiency of available funds; whether or not public services are supplied by the appropriate levels of government; the potential benefits of adopting a serious rather than a nominal property tax; and the flexibility of local budget planning in Czech and Slovak cities …
Corruption And Development: The Armenian Case, Phillip J. Bryson, Sevak Tsaturyan
Corruption And Development: The Armenian Case, Phillip J. Bryson, Sevak Tsaturyan
Faculty Publications
To determine the relationship between corruption and economic growth variables, we undertake a general analysis of those relationships for 39 countries over an eleven year period. Since the data on corruption specific to Armenia are insufficient for an econometric analysis, we undertake a case study of that country to illuminate the relationships determined by the empirical analysis. We find corruption to be a hindrance for overall economic performance, since there is a strong negative correlation between corruption indices and real per capita GDP. Regressing real Foreign Direct Investment on corruption, however, we found no strong relationship between the two. Nor …
Racial Bias In The Nba: Implications In Betting Markets, Tim Larsen, Joe Prince, Justin Wolfers
Racial Bias In The Nba: Implications In Betting Markets, Tim Larsen, Joe Prince, Justin Wolfers
Faculty Publications
Recent studies have documented the existence of an own-race bias on the part of sports officials. In this paper we explore the implications of these biases on betting markets. We use data from the 1991/92 - 2004/05 NBA regular seasons to show that a betting strategy exploiting own-race biases by referees would systematically beat the spread.
Rolling In The Dough: The Continued Surge In Individual Contributions To Presidential Candidates And Party Committees, David B. Magleby
Rolling In The Dough: The Continued Surge In Individual Contributions To Presidential Candidates And Party Committees, David B. Magleby
Faculty Publications
The dramatic growth in the numbers of individuals contributing to presidential candidates and the surge in total amounts being contributed has generated substantial media attention in the 2008 presidential election. Individuals are giving more, in part, because the 2002 Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA) raised contribution limits and encouraged "max-out" donors to contribute to party committees as well. This study compares individual contributions to presidential candidates and party committees in 1999, the year prior to the last pre-BCRA presidential election, and in the years prior to post-BCRA presidential elections.
State Administration Vs. Self-Government In The Slovak And Czech Republics, Phillip J. Bryson
State Administration Vs. Self-Government In The Slovak And Czech Republics, Phillip J. Bryson
Faculty Publications
In the transition experience, the Czech and Slovak Republics have made some effort to achieve fiscal decentralization. From independence to EU accession, the devolution of power designed to strengthen the autonomy of local governments according to the principles of subsidiarity have also included a reform of public administration. The nature of reform efforts and their implications for the fiscal decentralization are analyzed. The failure to achieve a robust autonomy for subnational governments is due to the ongoing adherence to the notion of the "state administration" as opposed to self-government in both republics.
A Leontief Model Of Municipal Budgeting, Phillip J. Bryson
A Leontief Model Of Municipal Budgeting, Phillip J. Bryson
Faculty Publications
Local budgeting in transition countries is an important process because it can reveal the extent to which fiscal decentralization has occurred. Because central planning regimes were highly centralized, adopting a market/democratic approach requires a devolution of power from the central government to regions and municipalities. A Leontief model is presented as a simple theoretical approach to local budgeting. Local revenues are considered as financial inputs and local expenditures as financial outputs. A method of measuring the degree of local autonomy as a part of the budgeting process is a part of this model.
User Fees In Local Finance: Performance And Potential In Czech And Slovak Republics, Phillip J. Bryson
User Fees In Local Finance: Performance And Potential In Czech And Slovak Republics, Phillip J. Bryson
Faculty Publications
The Czech Republic and Slovakia, like other transition countries in Central and Eastern Europe, have given significant lip service to fiscal decentralization and engaged in public administration reforms. But the subnational governments of their public finance systems still lack relative autonomy, which could be addressed partly through developing independent revenue sources for their municipalities and regions. Currently, such independent revenue sources include the proceeds of a strictly nominal property tax as well as those of a small set of local user fees and taxes designed and approved by the central governments. Together they represent only about 5 percent of total …
State Health Insurance Regulations And The Price Of High-Deductible Policies, Mark H. Showalter, Amanda E. Kowalski, William J. Congdon
State Health Insurance Regulations And The Price Of High-Deductible Policies, Mark H. Showalter, Amanda E. Kowalski, William J. Congdon
Faculty Publications
This study examines the impact of state health insurance regulations on the price of high-deductible family and individual polices in the nongroup market. We use a unique and rich data set on actual insurance policies sold through a large Internet health insurance distributor to examine the impact of various regulations on policy prices, controlling for policy characteristics, demographic characteristics of the purchasers, and state-level demographics. We also use data from a single major insurance firm that provided offer prices for a family policy from a set of randomly selected zip codes. Both datasets suggest a strong statistical relationship between regulation …