Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Articles 1 - 28 of 28

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Integrating Intersectionality Into Clinical Supervision: A Developmental Model Addressing Broader Definitions Of Multicultural Competence, Jennifer H. Greene, Paulina S. Flasch Nov 2019

Integrating Intersectionality Into Clinical Supervision: A Developmental Model Addressing Broader Definitions Of Multicultural Competence, Jennifer H. Greene, Paulina S. Flasch

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Intersectionality addresses multiple areas of diversity while considering areas of power, privilege, marginalization, and oppression. Intersectionality as a theory has gained recognition and utilization in multiple fields, including counseling. Intersectionality can and should be utilized in counseling supervision while maintaining a focus on the development of counselors in training. Intersectional supervision is a part of social justice work, the “fifth force” in counseling. The authors provide context for intersectionality as a theory and apply intersectionality to the multiple roles that supervisors take on in the context of supervision. Potential impact on clients is discussed. Suggestions for specific supervision techniques and …


Epistemological Issues In Counselor Preparation: An Examination Of Constructivist And Phenomenological Assumptions, Brett D. Wilkinson, Gary Shank, Fred Hanna Nov 2019

Epistemological Issues In Counselor Preparation: An Examination Of Constructivist And Phenomenological Assumptions, Brett D. Wilkinson, Gary Shank, Fred Hanna

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

This article clarifies how the epistemological issues of belief justification and truth values relate to counselor preparation methods. Exploring constructivism and phenomenology in detail as well as aspects of positivism relevant to counselor education, we highlight how specific philosophical assumptions about student learning inform counselor education. We propose that counselor educators and researchers may benefit from exploring phenomenology as a supplementary instructional approach to constructivism.


Why Grant Writing And Research Matters In Counselor Education: Advancing Our Discipline, Megan E. Delaney, Sandy Gibson Nov 2019

Why Grant Writing And Research Matters In Counselor Education: Advancing Our Discipline, Megan E. Delaney, Sandy Gibson

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

This study outlines findings from an online survey gauging counseling faculty (N = 174) on their experience with grant funding. Results indicate that faculty, especially junior faculty, lack experience and desire knowledge in grant-writing skills. A discussion on why grant funding is important to the future of counseling is included.


Counselor Educators’ Internal Experiences Of Gatekeeping, Victor Chang, Deborah Rubel Nov 2019

Counselor Educators’ Internal Experiences Of Gatekeeping, Victor Chang, Deborah Rubel

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Counselor educators practice gatekeeping to graduate only students who are ethical and competent, yet students with problems of professional competence (PPC) continue to graduate. Gatekeeping challenges include personal, pedagogical, administrative, ethical, and legal concerns, and gatekeeping has been characterized as a taxing emotional and social process. Specific knowledge about counselor educators’ internal experiences during gatekeeping is limited. Researchers asked how do counselor educators experience their internal reactions during gatekeeping processes for PPC? Researchers interviewed counselor educators about their gatekeeping experiences and analyzed data using grounded theory methods. The authors propose a grounded theory of striving to be an effective gatekeeper …


Leadership And Gender: School Counselors’ Experiences Of Girls’ Leadership In Secondary Schools, Jennifer H. Greene, Cheryl L. Fulton, Maria Haiyasoso, Sarah M. Blalock Nov 2019

Leadership And Gender: School Counselors’ Experiences Of Girls’ Leadership In Secondary Schools, Jennifer H. Greene, Cheryl L. Fulton, Maria Haiyasoso, Sarah M. Blalock

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

There has been a proliferation of girls’ leadership programs to stymie the leaking pipeline of women’s leadership and resulting gender leadership gap. School counselors are advocates and change agents in the schools and play a key role in student development and leadership programming. School counselors’ training in their counseling programs may impact their support and assessment of girls’ leadership programming. This phenomenological research utilized the open-ended questions of an online survey to understand school counselors’ experiences of girls’ leadership. The themes, (a) Formal Approach to Girls’ Leadership, (b) Informal Approach to Girls’ Leadership, (c) No Girls’ Leadership, and (d) Non-Gender …


The Validation Of The Multicultural Supervision Scale, Varunee Faii Sangganjanavanich, Yue Dang, Xin Liang Nov 2019

The Validation Of The Multicultural Supervision Scale, Varunee Faii Sangganjanavanich, Yue Dang, Xin Liang

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

The Multicultural Supervision Scale (MSS) is a self-reported instrument aimed at measuring supervisors’ multicultural supervision competencies. A total of 308 individuals completed the present study for the purpose of validating the MSS with the consideration of the influence of social desirability. Results from a confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the three-factor structure of the MSS including Supervisory Skills, Supervisors’ Attitudes and Beliefs, and Stereotypes Toward Diverse Populations. Statistical evidence suggested that the MSS, which consists of 21 self-reported items, demonstrated a moderate level of internal consistency and validity of its construct. Directions for future research and implications to clinical supervision and …


Preparing 21st Century Counselors And Healthcare Professionals: Examining Technology Competency And Interprofessional Education Comfort, Kaprea F. Johnson Nov 2019

Preparing 21st Century Counselors And Healthcare Professionals: Examining Technology Competency And Interprofessional Education Comfort, Kaprea F. Johnson

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Healthcare professionals are expected to work in interprofessional teams while also communicating distantly with these team members through telehealth platforms to improve patient care. This study sought to understand how comfort with technology, interprofessional education, and collaboration was perceived by graduate students in counseling, dental hygiene, nursing, and physical therapy. A quantitative investigation with N=111 students resulted in comfort with technology among all groups but there were significant differences among the allied health professions regarding positive professional identity and willingness to engage in teamwork and collaboration. The data revealed that both preparation, rationale for interprofessional work, and placement of interprofessional …


Counselor Educators’ Experiences Of Gatekeeping In Online Counselor Education Programs, Amy Gilbert, Anita A. Neuer Colburn, Sherry Todd, Kathie Erwin Nov 2019

Counselor Educators’ Experiences Of Gatekeeping In Online Counselor Education Programs, Amy Gilbert, Anita A. Neuer Colburn, Sherry Todd, Kathie Erwin

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Counselor educators serve as gatekeepers by ensuring that only those students who meet standards of competence enter the counseling field. This qualitative study explored the gatekeeping experiences of seven counselor educators in online Master’s-level counseling programs. The resulting themes offer implications for counselor education, administration, and research.


The Relationship Between Empathy And Theoretical Orientation Of Counselors-In-Training, Elizabeth Manzano Boulton, Eric Davis Nov 2019

The Relationship Between Empathy And Theoretical Orientation Of Counselors-In-Training, Elizabeth Manzano Boulton, Eric Davis

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

This study examined the relationship between theoretical orientation and empathy levels of a group of 166 counselors-in-training. Participants’ responses to the Toronto Empathy Questionnaire (TEQ) and the Theoretical Evaluation Self-Test (TEST) were collected and analyzed. Only individual items from the TEQ were found to have a relationship with the theoretical orientation inclination responses on the TEST. However, a trend between humanistic theories and counselors-in-training theoretical orientation inclination seems to exist. The study concluded that counselors-in-training might need to develop self-awareness before selecting a theoretical orientation that fit. Incongruences were found between theoretical orientation selected in the demographic questionnaire and the …


Experiences Of Spanish Speaking Counseling Students: Implications For The Profession, Melissa Alvarado, Eunice Lerma, Javier Cavazos Vela, Autumn Wright Nov 2019

Experiences Of Spanish Speaking Counseling Students: Implications For The Profession, Melissa Alvarado, Eunice Lerma, Javier Cavazos Vela, Autumn Wright

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Due to the rise of predominate Spanish-speaking individuals in the United States, there is an increased need to provide bilingual counseling services. Understanding the experiences of bilingual counseling students is imperative for the training of bilingual counselors and overall service delivery. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand the experiences of students who provide counseling services in Spanish yet trained in an English-language counselor education program. This study attempted to expand and specify the unique challenges and needs of this student counselor population. Analyses revealed that there are some unique challenges in bilingual counseling service delivery. Four overarching …


Evaluation Of A Youth Suicide Prevention Course: Increasing Counseling Students’ Knowledge, Skills, And Self-Efficacy, Laura L. Gallo, Diana M. Doumas, Regina Moro, Aida Midgett, Sherise Porchia Aug 2019

Evaluation Of A Youth Suicide Prevention Course: Increasing Counseling Students’ Knowledge, Skills, And Self-Efficacy, Laura L. Gallo, Diana M. Doumas, Regina Moro, Aida Midgett, Sherise Porchia

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Adolescent suicide rates continue to rise within the United States. This study evaluated a Youth Suicide Prevention course in a Master’s in Counseling Program. Participants reported increases in knowledge and perceived ability to help suicidal clients post-training and in suicide prevention skills and suicide assessment and intervention self-efficacy at the 3-month follow-up. Implications for counselor education programs, such as using both experiential and didactic teaching methods, as well as timing suicide training before practicum, are discussed.


Developing Authentic Problem Solving Skills In School Counselors-In-Training Through Problem Based Learning, Phillip L. Waalkes, Daniel A. Decino Aug 2019

Developing Authentic Problem Solving Skills In School Counselors-In-Training Through Problem Based Learning, Phillip L. Waalkes, Daniel A. Decino

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

According to the American School Counseling Association’s school counseling competencies and the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Program’s standards, school counselors should have skills, abilities, and attitudes to address complex and authentic problems in their practice. Yet, school counselors often do not feel prepared by their preparation programs in being able to address the realities of their practice. Problem Based Learning activities, such as the one proposed in this article, may help school counselors-in-training develop the skills in internship supervision to address complex problems they will face in their future work. Implementation guidelines, a case example, and …


Teaching Ethical Decision-Making In Counselor Education, Dana H. Levitt, Connie S. Ducaine, Kimberly Greulich, Kelly Gentry, Lisa Treweeke Aug 2019

Teaching Ethical Decision-Making In Counselor Education, Dana H. Levitt, Connie S. Ducaine, Kimberly Greulich, Kelly Gentry, Lisa Treweeke

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

How and when counseling graduate students are taught to apply ethical codes and principles varies. In this article the authors review foundational concepts and proposed practices for ethics education in graduate counseling programs. The authors present strategies for teaching ethical decision-making that focus on the intersection of personal values, principle and virtue ethics, and self-reflection. Recommendations are provided for content delivery and activities and assignments that encourage self-reflection of values in conjunction with the application of decision-making skills and models. Implications for future research are addressed.


Parallel Process Of Professional Identity Development During Clinical Supervision, Nancy E. Thacker, Joel F. Diambra Aug 2019

Parallel Process Of Professional Identity Development During Clinical Supervision, Nancy E. Thacker, Joel F. Diambra

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Counselors-in-training (CITs) and counselor educators-in-training (CEITs) have a similar need to develop professional identities that are genuine to self and congruent with the counseling and counselor education professions. As CITs and CEITs enter their respective professional roles, they experience a parallel process of professional identity development (PID). This parallel process can be used as a tool to promote PID during clinical supervision. The authors will explore the PID processes of CITs and CEITs, consider their mutual influence on each other’s growth in clinical supervision, and provide a case study application with suggestions for supervision practice that fosters mutual PID.


An Exploratory Investigation About Graduate Counseling Students’ Perceived Competencies In Integrated Care, Bridget Asempapa Aug 2019

An Exploratory Investigation About Graduate Counseling Students’ Perceived Competencies In Integrated Care, Bridget Asempapa

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Integrated care is a holistic treatment modality that increases collaborative efforts between primary care and mental health providers. Support for integrated care is evident, but the development of counselors for this level of care is limited. This study examined graduate counseling students’ (N = 243) perceived competencies about integrated care. Additionally, the study shares findings regarding students’ experiences, useful skills, and concerns about their work in integrated care settings. The results from this study suggest that students have encouraging perceived competencies. However, there were indications that specific contextual challenges remain, but exposure to integrated care training will be valuable. Implications …


Mental Health Professionals’ Attitudes Toward Clients With Antisocial Personality Disorder: An Exploratory Study, Edward T. Dunbar Jr., Shari M. Sias, Stephen Leierer, William L. Atherton, Robert J. Campbell, Lloyd R. Goodwin Jr Aug 2019

Mental Health Professionals’ Attitudes Toward Clients With Antisocial Personality Disorder: An Exploratory Study, Edward T. Dunbar Jr., Shari M. Sias, Stephen Leierer, William L. Atherton, Robert J. Campbell, Lloyd R. Goodwin Jr

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

This exploratory study examined mental health professionals’ attitudes toward clients with antisocial personality disorder. Specifically, are mental health professionals’ attitudes influenced by (a) personal experiences with criminal victimization, or (b) contact with clients with antisocial personality disorder. A factorial MANOVA and follow-up univariate ANOVAs revealed a statistically significant main effect in relation to participants’ level of clinical contact with clients having antisocial personality disorder. Participants with higher levels of clinical contact were associated with more positive attitudes towards clients. Implications for mental health professionals, supervisors, and counselor educators are discussed, and suggestions for future research are provided.


Cacrep Accreditation Simulation: Transformative Learning In Counselor Education, Molly M. Strear, Jennifer L. Murdock Bishop, Heather M. Helm Aug 2019

Cacrep Accreditation Simulation: Transformative Learning In Counselor Education, Molly M. Strear, Jennifer L. Murdock Bishop, Heather M. Helm

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

A CACREP accreditation simulation activity is provided as a framework for counselor educators to facilitate experiential learning for doctoral students in counselor education. This article includes instructional strategies for self-directed learning and reflective journaling to introduce program development and accreditation processes throughout a semester length assignment. Participating students embody the roles of fictional faculty members embarking on accreditation to promote student collaboration and increased knowledge of CACREP standards through transformative learning.


Learning To Be A Counselor At A Distance: A Qualitative Investigation Of The Distance Education Experience For Counselors-In-Training, Gregory Roth, Charles J. Jacob, Cheria Jackson, Jessica R. Stoler, Wemi Oloidi Aug 2019

Learning To Be A Counselor At A Distance: A Qualitative Investigation Of The Distance Education Experience For Counselors-In-Training, Gregory Roth, Charles J. Jacob, Cheria Jackson, Jessica R. Stoler, Wemi Oloidi

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Counselor education has evolved to include distance education. There is, however, a dearth of research aimed specifically at distance education for counselors-in-training. This research looks to redress this by analyzing data gathered during interviews of six counselors-in-training. The results revealed that online counseling students were predominately satisfied with their education experience despite some concerns. Themes relating to convenience, separateness, connectedness, self-efficacy, and stigma were identified. As distance education continues to progress, it will be imperative that counselor educators create programs that meet the needs of students but also allow for proper training and protection of clients and the public.


Gatekeeping In Master’S Level Rehabilitation Counseling Programs: An Exploratory Study, Allison Levine, Connie Sung, Alicia Strain May 2019

Gatekeeping In Master’S Level Rehabilitation Counseling Programs: An Exploratory Study, Allison Levine, Connie Sung, Alicia Strain

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

The current study explores attitudes and procedures of gatekeeping in rehabilitation counseling programs. Using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), the current study explores underlying causes for a lack of gatekeeping discussion and action in rehabilitation counseling. Rehabilitation educators and program directors from both CORE and CACREP-accredited rehabilitation counseling programs participated in the online Gatekeeping Attitudes and Procedures Survey (GAPS). Results indicate that, while attitudes towards gatekeeping were positive, programs lack formalized procedures. TPB aids in understanding that attitudes towards gatekeeping may not influence educator behavior on the matter. Implications include further research into this area to better understand the …


Authorship Decision-Making: A National Survey Of Counselor Educators, Jacqueline M. Swank, Alisa Houseknecht, Ana Puig May 2019

Authorship Decision-Making: A National Survey Of Counselor Educators, Jacqueline M. Swank, Alisa Houseknecht, Ana Puig

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Counselor educators are often expected to write for publication and, although encouraged, collaboration creates authorship dilemmas. Using survey methodology, the present study focused on examining authorship practices of counselor educators regarding conceptual and research manuscripts (N = 246) and conference presentations (N = 121). Participants reported their experiences in three areas: (a) doctoral training related to authorship, (b) participation as an author while a doctoral student, and (c) current authorship practices as a faculty member. Detailed outcomes, implications, and recommendations for future research and training are discussed.


Game-Based Learning In Counselor Education: Strategies For Counselor Training, Zachary Pietrantoni, Julia Hennig, Johnna Totten, Leigh Shindelar, Brandon Keene-Orton May 2019

Game-Based Learning In Counselor Education: Strategies For Counselor Training, Zachary Pietrantoni, Julia Hennig, Johnna Totten, Leigh Shindelar, Brandon Keene-Orton

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Counselors value equity, diversity, and inclusion (American Counseling Association, 2018). Counselor educators are tasked with ensuring counselor trainees are competent in empathetic understanding, cultural awareness, and advocacy. Game-based learning is a teaching strategy that promotes the process of acquiring empathy, cultural awareness, and advocacy (Cheng & Su, 2012; Qian & Clark, 2016). Game-based learning has many documented benefits over the last two decades (Hwang & Wu, 2012; Tsai et al., 2011) yet counselor education has not incorporated it into counselor training. The authors addressed this gap by providing a conceptual framework for incorporating GBL into training with implications for counselor …


Exploring The Experiences Of Supervisors And Supervisees Who Engaged In Bilingual Supervision, Anna Lopez, Ivelisse Torres-Fernandez Feb 2019

Exploring The Experiences Of Supervisors And Supervisees Who Engaged In Bilingual Supervision, Anna Lopez, Ivelisse Torres-Fernandez

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

This qualitative phenomenological study explored the experiences of clinical supervisors and supervisees who engaged in bilingual supervision. Five supervisors and five supervisees were recruited utilizing purposive and snowball sampling strategies and were interviewed using a semi-structured interview protocol. Findings of this study focused primarily on the challenges and benefits associated with engaging in bilingual supervision. Main findings included the lack of formal training in bilingual counseling and supervision. Implications for training programs highlighted the need for continuous support of bilingual training programs, in particular, the development of both multicultural and linguistic competencies.


Using Service-Learning To Promote Social Justice Advocacy And Cognitive Development During Internship, Kristi A. Lee, Charles R. Mcadams Iii Feb 2019

Using Service-Learning To Promote Social Justice Advocacy And Cognitive Development During Internship, Kristi A. Lee, Charles R. Mcadams Iii

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Little empirical research has examined how to effectively prepare counseling students as social justice advocates. In a quasi-experimental design, a service-learning intervention was used in community counseling internship to promote students’ social justice advocacy competency as well as cognitive development, including moral and intellectual development. Findings demonstrated a significant increase in social justice advocacy competency in both the experimental and control groups at the end of one quarter of community counseling internship. In addition, the experimental group had significantly higher scores on the Public Information advocacy domain sub-scale of the Advocacy Competency Self-Assessment Survey. Teaching strategies such as service-learning may …


The Happy Professor: Optimizing Faculty Fit In Counselor Education, Susannah C. Coaston Feb 2019

The Happy Professor: Optimizing Faculty Fit In Counselor Education, Susannah C. Coaston

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Counselor education can be rewarding and challenging, and as such finding a complementary fit with a university is crucial to personal success and satisfaction. New faculty entering academia often experience reality shock when faced with the unexpected personal and professional demands of the job. This article is intended for those considering doctoral work in counselor education, as well as individuals pursuing academic positions following graduation from a counselor education doctoral program. The author reviews the faculty responsibilities within higher education and the importance of person-environment fit in the workplace, and offers suggestions for applicants seeking positions as counselor educators.


Counselor Professional Identity Development: Narratives From A Professional Event, Jenny L. Cureton, Hannah Davis, Victoria Giegerich Feb 2019

Counselor Professional Identity Development: Narratives From A Professional Event, Jenny L. Cureton, Hannah Davis, Victoria Giegerich

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

The goal of a one-day professional event was to enhance counselor professional identity (CPI) development through a panel discussion on CPI, professional and career information in sessions and booths, and networking breaks to connect Master’s students, doctoral students, and counseling professionals. Narrative analysis of eight interviews with event attendees, event leaders, and event speakers (i.e., practicing counselors) revealed themes of commitment, community, defining my professional self, and ambiguity and affirmation. Implications for best practices in CPI development and future research are discussed.


Outcomes Of Incorporating Motivational Interviewing Into Basic Counselor Skills Training, Melanie M. Iarussi, Jesssica M. Tyler, Sherrionda H. Crawford, Claudia V. Crawford Feb 2019

Outcomes Of Incorporating Motivational Interviewing Into Basic Counselor Skills Training, Melanie M. Iarussi, Jesssica M. Tyler, Sherrionda H. Crawford, Claudia V. Crawford

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Counselor skill training involves learning to execute techniques and principles that facilitate client change. Incorporating motivational interviewing can provide a framework that emphasizes humanism in addition to preparing students to assist clients who are ambivalent about change or “resistant.” In this study, we investigated the degree of MI competency achieved by students when MI was integrated into a counseling skills course. We then examined how MI competency was maintained over time. Findings showed that students achieved competency in executing the MI spirit, and this was largely maintained following subsequent coursework and clinical experiences. Implications include the value of incorporating MI …


Suicide Response Preparedness In Counseling Students: A Study Of Knowledge, Attitudes, And Simulated Behavior, Breanna P. Banks, Joel F. Diambra Feb 2019

Suicide Response Preparedness In Counseling Students: A Study Of Knowledge, Attitudes, And Simulated Behavior, Breanna P. Banks, Joel F. Diambra

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Counselors-in-training are likely to encounter a suicidal client even before completing their education. Student counselors not trained in these practices are at risk for not identifying and adequately managing suicide risk. This study explores and describes counseling students’ knowledge about suicide, attitudes about suicide and suicide response, and simulated suicide response behavior; and to identify to what extent counseling students’ knowledge and attitudes about suicide and suicide response relate to and predict simulated suicide response behavior. Outcomes from this study suggest that these three constructs are related to one another; however, these relationships should be interpreted with caution. Only declarative …


Community Uprising: Counseling Interventions, Educational Strategies, And Advocacy Tools, Katherine M. Hermann-Turner, Karena J. Heyward, Carrie Lynn Bailey Feb 2019

Community Uprising: Counseling Interventions, Educational Strategies, And Advocacy Tools, Katherine M. Hermann-Turner, Karena J. Heyward, Carrie Lynn Bailey

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Ferguson riots, Baltimore uprising, marches on the White House… how can counselor educators incorporate crisis intervention training into curriculums, implement measures to prevent public unrest, and increase community resilience to avoid the violent repercussions of racial tensions? This article explores common precursors to racially charged unrest and provides a model for innovative counseling interventions, curriculum development, and advocacy based on the American Counseling Association (ACA) Disaster Impact and Recovery Model (2009). In addition, the authors provide specific course-based discussion questions to use as tools to foster perspective taking and increased understanding among student and practitioners.