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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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- Trauma (9)
- Anxiety (6)
- PTSD (6)
- Burnout (5)
- Counseling (5)
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- Mental health (5)
- COVID-19 (3)
- Childhood trauma (3)
- Christian (3)
- Compassion fatigue (3)
- Depression (3)
- Faith (3)
- Forgiveness (3)
- Prayer (3)
- Resilience (3)
- Self-care (3)
- Addiction (2)
- Adverse childhood experiences (2)
- Attachment (2)
- Attachment theory (2)
- Children (2)
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- Cultural competency (2)
- Drug addiction (2)
- EMDR (2)
- Ecological model (2)
- Exercise (2)
- Female veterans (2)
- God attachment (2)
Articles 1 - 30 of 77
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Collaborative Care Management: The Influence Of Location Of Care On Mental Health Self-Stigma, Melicia Ivette Tanner
Collaborative Care Management: The Influence Of Location Of Care On Mental Health Self-Stigma, Melicia Ivette Tanner
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
This study was designed to contribute to the literature on self-stigma as it relates to mental health. Specifically, it was designed to explore whether those who received a certain type of care in the primary care setting (i.e., Collaborative Care [CoCM]) experienced self-stigma differently than those who received mental health care in more traditional settings or no care at all. It was hypothesized that those who received CoCM would experience lower rates of self-stigma. Participants for the study were drawn from a purposive sample of adult primary care patients with depression from a large health system located in upstate South …
Active Shooter Drills In Schools Across The United States, Barbara Slater
Active Shooter Drills In Schools Across The United States, Barbara Slater
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
This study sought to understand the types of drills and safety measures implemented at various schools across the United States and the effects of these drills and safety measures on the participants. The physical and psychological impacts these drills and safety measures have on participants has not been thoroughly researched. Researcher utilized a self-designed online survey with questions that corresponded with the research questions and answered by 297 participants to provide the data and answer the research questions. Schools across the United States conduct active shooter drills to prepare students and school personnel for an active shooter crisis in their …
A Parent-Child Intervention For Conveying Unconditional Love: A Transcendental Phenomenological Pilot Study, Saundra H. Robinson
A Parent-Child Intervention For Conveying Unconditional Love: A Transcendental Phenomenological Pilot Study, Saundra H. Robinson
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
Every child wants to know whether their parents love them. The answer to this question is absolutely the most important thing in any child’s life. Most parents love their children, but not all know how to convey love in a way that their child feels loved. The purpose of this study was to examine how parents can put their feelings of love into action by applying a parent-child intervention of eye contact, focused attention, and physical touch. This transcendental phenomenological pilot study explored the lived experience of four individual parents applying the intervention over a 30-day period, contributing to positive …
Infidelity, Post-Infidelity Stress Disorder, And Post-Infidelity Stress Marital Outcomes, Faith Christie Leigh Roby
Infidelity, Post-Infidelity Stress Disorder, And Post-Infidelity Stress Marital Outcomes, Faith Christie Leigh Roby
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
Marital infidelity discovery has been noted in the literature for traumatic emotional, behavioral, and psychological reactions in the injured spouse, but not extensively in terms of post-infidelity stress disorder. To that end, this cross-sectional quantitative anonymous online survey study explored marital infidelity, post-infidelity stress disorder and post-infidelity marital outcomes in 202 participants using certain frameworks, such as Glass’s traumatic aftershock and Ortman’s post-infidelity stress disorder. This researcher sought to investigate whether there is a relationship between post-infidelity stress disorder that is moderated by religious/core beliefs and marital repair efforts and marital outcomes of healing, forgiveness, benevolence, revenge, avoidance, divorce/desire to …
A Phenomenology Of Working With Youth Sex-Trafficked Survivors In Florida, Paula Marie Robinson
A Phenomenology Of Working With Youth Sex-Trafficked Survivors In Florida, Paula Marie Robinson
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to describe the experiences of health care professionals (HCPs) and other service providers (SPs) who work or worked with children and adolescent survivors of domestic minor sex trafficking (DMST) and the commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC) in Florida. The Conceptual Model for Factors Affecting Well-Being and Resilience devised by the National Academy of Medicine (NAM) and the Five Ways to Well-Being Model developed by Catherine Gilliver were used to guide this study. These models helped the researcher gain a better understanding of how participants experienced working with survivors and victims of …
Spiritual Disciplines And Mental Resiliency: The Effectiveness Of Spiritual Coping Mechanisms To Decrease Anxiety And Depression Symptoms, Alysa Lynn Vanderweerd
Spiritual Disciplines And Mental Resiliency: The Effectiveness Of Spiritual Coping Mechanisms To Decrease Anxiety And Depression Symptoms, Alysa Lynn Vanderweerd
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
The outcome of anxiety and depression’s symptomology is an ever-rising global economy cost of 1 trillion U.S. dollars, due to medical costs and loss of productivity, leading researchers and clinicians to search for effective cost saving solutions (Chodavadia et al., 2023). Religion/Spirituality (RS) based cognitive therapy treatments are recognized in alleviating maladaptive behaviors and cognitive distortions, offering comfort to the afflicted, hope and belief that God is available for the seeker (Ramos et al., 2018). Therefore, the researcher conducted an internet-based, self-paced intervention of a mixed methods study of a 40-Day Biblical Worldview Educational Treatment Program of a convenience sample …
A Phenomenological Study Of Compassion Fatigue, Burnout, And Secondary Traumatic Among Welfare Workers, Educators, And Nurses On Grand Bahama Island After Hurricane Dorian And During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Gladys V. Sawyer
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
Hurricanes have become a normative event in the Bahamian diaspora. Over the past twenty years at least five major storms have hit The Bahamas destroying vital infrastructure such as schools, health care facilities, airports, utilities, and homes, leaving portions of several islands uninhabitable. Frontline workers, also referred to as essential workers who do the work of interacting directly to service the needs of the people most affected are often overlooked. Working extended hours, witnessing, experiencing, and hearing the stories of sufferers, coupled with one’s own loss causes psychological distress and diminished capacity to function effectively. This qualitative phenomenological study was …
A Phenomenological Study: Experiences Of Men Residing In A Substance Abuse Recovery Program With A Domestic Violence Perpetration Intervention Cohort, Tauchanna Gilmore Bullock
A Phenomenological Study: Experiences Of Men Residing In A Substance Abuse Recovery Program With A Domestic Violence Perpetration Intervention Cohort, Tauchanna Gilmore Bullock
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore the lived experiences of men in a substance use disorder (SUD) residential program simultaneously receiving domestic violence (DV) perpetration intervention and services that address adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). This study examined men’s ACEs, substance use, and DV perpetration. Urie Bronfenbrenner’s socioecological model and Rudolf Moos’ modification of socioecological model provided the foundational context and theoretical framework for the study. Although there are various reasons individuals use substances, one of the underlying causes is often unattended ACEs. Individuals with SUDs are also often the perpetrators of DV within their intimate relationships. …
Study Of Clergy Sexual Misconduct In Ministry And What Contributing Factors Lead To Sexually Acting Out Behavior By The Clergy Member, James Thomas Real
Study Of Clergy Sexual Misconduct In Ministry And What Contributing Factors Lead To Sexually Acting Out Behavior By The Clergy Member, James Thomas Real
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
The purpose of this phenomenological study was to understand and be able to describe the factors involved in what motivates and participates person of the clergy to engage in watching pornography or engaging in sexually immoral behavior. The theories guiding this study was a biopsychosocial approach introduced by Dr. George Engel and attachment theory by John Bowlby, as it explains how a person shows a proclivity toward immoral SAOB. Interviews were designed to investigate what experiences and actions were antecedents to clergy persons viewing pornography and engaging in extramarital sexual behavior. This transcendental phenomenological study aimed to understand the driving …
From Doom To Bloom: The Effects Of Pre-Major Coaching On Undecided Student Persistence, Lisa Dianne Wycoff
From Doom To Bloom: The Effects Of Pre-Major Coaching On Undecided Student Persistence, Lisa Dianne Wycoff
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
Student retention is a persistent dilemma in higher education because it is how student success is measured. Universities invest resources in retaining vulnerable populations and provide additional support measures because they are most at risk of dropping out. The premise of this study is that students who enter college without a major are considered vulnerable, as they are highly prone to drop out. Numerous studies have found that entering college with an “unknown/undecided” status negatively impacts retention, well-being, and motivation due to a lack of clearly defined educational goals. However, students and families often lack adequate information about the importance …
Toxic Leadership: A Phenomenological Investigation Of Recently Retired U.S. Army Service Members' Experiences With Toxic Leaders, Dale A. Henny
Toxic Leadership: A Phenomenological Investigation Of Recently Retired U.S. Army Service Members' Experiences With Toxic Leaders, Dale A. Henny
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
This phenomenological study investigates the experiences of recently retired U.S. Army service members with toxic leadership. The study involved a sample of 10 participants, with data collection conducted through one-on-one, face-to-face interviews using semi-structured, open-ended questions. Interviews for the study were conducted face-to-face or through virtual platforms like Zoom or Microsoft Teams, with each session lasting no longer than 90 minutes. Data analysis employed a six-step thematic analysis method, with coding completed through NVivo after initial hand-coding. Findings revealed that the military culture, characterized by strict hierarchy and obedience, inadvertently fosters an environment conducive to toxic leadership. Participants reported that …
Pressured To Conform: The Qualitative Paradigm In Counselor Education And Supervision, Bridger Dale Falkenstien
Pressured To Conform: The Qualitative Paradigm In Counselor Education And Supervision, Bridger Dale Falkenstien
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
Using Charmaz’s (2014) grounded theory (GT) and Clarke’s (2003; 2005; Clarke et al., 2018) situational analysis (SA), this study explores the experience of counselor educators and their pressure to conform throughout their professional identity development process. As counselor educators, these individuals are thought and practice leaders in the field of professional counseling, training up future counselors and advancing the field in scholarship and advocacy as a social science (Aubrey, 1980; Hansen et al., 2014). As a social science, the integrity and investigative power of counseling are tethered to empirical discovery through quantitative and qualitative methods and philosophy – while inherently …
The Lived Experiences Of Perimenopausal Christian Women: A Qualitative Phenomenological Study, Sheri Collinsworth Cobarruvias
The Lived Experiences Of Perimenopausal Christian Women: A Qualitative Phenomenological Study, Sheri Collinsworth Cobarruvias
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
Perimenopause (PM) is a natural physiological process indicating the start of the non-reproductive phase of a woman’s life, which is a significant life event and a global health issue that affects millions of women worldwide. PM produces the most physiological changes in a woman’s body than the other phases of menopause. This qualitative study explores the lived experiences of PM Christian women from a bio-psycho-social-spiritual perspective through the lens of feminist theory. Data were gathered through virtual semistructured personal interviews with a sample of 10 participants focused on their physical, biological, psychological, emotional, mental, cognitive, social, relational, and religious/spiritual experiences …
The African American Mental Health Dilemma: A Phenomenological Case Study On How Christian Clergy Are Bridging The Gap, Penelope Evans
The African American Mental Health Dilemma: A Phenomenological Case Study On How Christian Clergy Are Bridging The Gap, Penelope Evans
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
The history of African Americans is composed of ongoing inhumane and normalized mistreatment that continues to generate widespread issues and challenges. African Americans’ current higher likelihood of exposure to one or more traumatic life events increases the possibility their emotional and mental well-being will be negatively impacted. The ethnic group’s development in historical trauma and abuse is being acknowledged as an underlying factor in the alarming increase in serious mental health conditions in African Americans. Continued racial and discriminative dynamics further increase African Americans’ susceptibility and risk for severe psychological illnesses in the United States. African Americans’ higher tendency not …
Moral Injury In Active Service And Veteran Female Military Combatants, William Curtis Neal
Moral Injury In Active Service And Veteran Female Military Combatants, William Curtis Neal
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
A topic of concern and discussion in the mental health community, and maybe a special concern from both governmental and civilian practitioners, is the subject of moral injury. Moral Injury has been widely researched over the last 10 years and is a known and discussed condition that is linked to military personnel and veterans who have experienced events while deployed or operating in adverse conditions such as combat. The following descriptive study focuses on one group from which they have been excluded or overlooked in past studies. This creates a gap in the published literature: female servicewomen and veterans. Both …
Proactive Pastoral Counseling: A Christlike Integrative Therapeutic For Creating Christian Intrapersonal Formation In Believers At First Baptist Church Of Harmony, Me, Yaron I. Kohen
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
This action research project introduces Proactive Pastoral Counseling (PPC) as a Christian Integrative Therapeutic (CIT). PPC, combined with its counterpart, Christian Intrapersonal Formation (CIF), offers a proactive pastoral counseling approach to assist others in coping with intrapersonal conflict while guiding them toward Christian intrapersonal formation. The impetus behind the study addresses the need for pastoral counseling with members of First Baptist Church (FBC) in Harmony, ME. Chapter One lays out the history, background, and beliefs of FBC and the Maine culture dating back to the late 1700s. Chapter Two addresses the nature of pastoral counseling, its tenets, and applications described …
An Investigation Of The Effect Of A Combined Physical Exercise And Counseling As A Therapeutic Approach To Reducing Anxiety Symptoms, Andrea C. Beltran
An Investigation Of The Effect Of A Combined Physical Exercise And Counseling As A Therapeutic Approach To Reducing Anxiety Symptoms, Andrea C. Beltran
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
Mental health issues are on the rise as the increase in emotional, psychological, and social well-being affects how people think, act, or feel toward themselves and others. The topic of physical exercise and mental health services has been researched to show a strong relationship between physical activity and positive mental health outcomes. Anxiety is the most common mental health concern in the United States (Goodwin et al., 2020). This study aims to investigate and quantify the impact and explore the relationships of the combined intervention approach of physical activity and counseling in reducing symptoms of anxiety. This research will utilize …
Wellness In Licensed Professional Counselors: Counselor Perception Of Documentation Expectations On Professional Satisfaction, Aleta Seay Gibbs
Wellness In Licensed Professional Counselors: Counselor Perception Of Documentation Expectations On Professional Satisfaction, Aleta Seay Gibbs
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
Counselors are important parts of a community, helping people heal and learn to cope with life. Communities are seeing staffing shortages, counselors leaving the field, and increasing mental health needs of residents. During the COVID-19 pandemic, regulations concerning documentation requirements and service provision rapidly changed, often several times. Counselors were permitted different ways of doing things in light of the constraints imposed by the virus. This included a reduction of how much documentation is required and might have included reductions in paperwork, policy changes, and service provision exceptions for licensed professional counselors (LPCs), like switching to telehealth for health and …
The Shared Experiences Of Self-Care Practices Among Postgraduate Residents-In-Counseling, Pursuing Virginia Licensure: A Phenomenological Study, Audrey A. King
The Shared Experiences Of Self-Care Practices Among Postgraduate Residents-In-Counseling, Pursuing Virginia Licensure: A Phenomenological Study, Audrey A. King
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to understand the shared experiences of residents-in-counseling in the state of Virginia seeking postgraduate hours who are currently in supervision, and how it affects their self-care. The central phenomenon for the study surrounded the encouragement, emphasis of, and practice of self-care by supervisors at the participant’s supervision site. The theory grounding the study is cognitive-behavioral supervision with an emphasis on the evaluation of a supervisor on the behavioral interactions of a resident-in-training obtaining direct client contact hours to meet state licensing requirements to practice as a mental health counselor. Four participants were …
Women In The Leadership Of Church Worship Upholding And Manifesting Biblical Principles Of Their God-Given Design, Joyce Ann Walter
Women In The Leadership Of Church Worship Upholding And Manifesting Biblical Principles Of Their God-Given Design, Joyce Ann Walter
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
Despite the existing literature and changes in church governments that promote women in leadership roles of church worship, there remains a gap that specifies the biblical feminine qualities of women in worship leadership. These specifics should clarify the manifested characteristics of those women in leadership who exhibit the biblical distinctness of their gender from that of the male gender. Historical study shows in past generations that many denominations have banned women from such leading roles because of the interpretation of Scripture pertaining to the man being the head over the woman. This stance has been changing in the 21st century …
Bridging Faith And Restoration: A Phenomenological Study Exploring Evangelical Pastors’ Experiences Ministering To Congregants With Trauma In The Greater Toronto Area, Lindsay Knox Mcvety
Bridging Faith And Restoration: A Phenomenological Study Exploring Evangelical Pastors’ Experiences Ministering To Congregants With Trauma In The Greater Toronto Area, Lindsay Knox Mcvety
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study was to understand how evangelical pastors in the Greater Toronto Area describe their experiences with discussing trauma with congregants and their experiences with trauma-informed care in the church. The theory guiding this research is Transformative Learning Theory (TLT). As discussed by Mezirow (1991), TLT explains transformation occurs by increasing knowledge by learning about topics where outdated or misinformed concepts previously existed. The main research question is, how do evangelical pastors in the Greater Toronto Area describe their experiences ministering to congregants who have experienced trauma? Further sub-questions ask, how do evangelical pastors in …
A Phenomenological Study Of Adult Patients With Auto-Immune Disease And Their Exposure To Adverse Childhood Experiences, Milton Louis Gonzalez
A Phenomenological Study Of Adult Patients With Auto-Immune Disease And Their Exposure To Adverse Childhood Experiences, Milton Louis Gonzalez
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
This qualitative phenomenological study explored and described the shared experiences of individuals impacted by an autoimmune disease and their exposure to adverse childhood experiences. The theory guiding this study was Vygotsky’s social constructivist theory, utilizing Kaiser Permanente’s Adverse Childhood Experience study as a guide to create awareness amongst physicians and mental health professionals, leading them to a more holistic approach when treating patients affected by an autoimmune disease. This was a qualitative study using Husserl’s transcendental phenomenology (TPh). The data collection methods used in the study included questionnaires, individual interviews, and document analysis. These forms of data were analyzed through …
A Phenomenological Study Of Clergy Hindrances To Seeking Help And Implementing Self-Care, Kerri S. Wilson
A Phenomenological Study Of Clergy Hindrances To Seeking Help And Implementing Self-Care, Kerri S. Wilson
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
This qualitative transcendental phenomenological study aimed to identify and understand clergy members’ described hindrances to seeking help and implementing self-care for overcoming burnout. The theory guiding this study was transcendentalism from Husserl’s ontological approach to phenomenology. The United Pentecostal Church, International (UPCI) organization was chosen as the site for this study because the participants were clergy members licensed by the UPCI religious organization who had experienced burnout and hindrances to seeking help and implementing self-care. Participants included twelve UPCI clergy members. Data collection involved one-on-one initial interviews with each clergy member and follow-up interviews for clarification where needed. Data analysis …
Beyond The Pulpit: A Quantitative Analysis Of Midwest Church Leaders' Confidence And Competence In Addressing Sexual Trauma, Eryka Mcmillan
Beyond The Pulpit: A Quantitative Analysis Of Midwest Church Leaders' Confidence And Competence In Addressing Sexual Trauma, Eryka Mcmillan
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
This quantitative study investigates the interconnectedness of confidence and competence within the context of Midwest church leaders in addressing survivors of sexual trauma. Sexual Trauma encompasses crimes like sexual assault, rape, and sexual abuse, and it presents complex challenges within faith communities. This research employs an ordinal logistic regression, combining a survey instrument to assess leaders' confidence, known as the Readiness to Work with Trauma-Exposed Patients (RTEPS), and a comprehensive tool to measure competence, referred to as the Trauma-Informed Care Questionnaire (TICQ). Additionally, demographic factors, including race, age, gender, denomination, previous trauma training, and years of ministry experience, are analyzed …
Perceived Stress From Covid-19 On High School Students With Previous Trauma In A Rural County In The Southeastern United States, Kari Anne Russell
Perceived Stress From Covid-19 On High School Students With Previous Trauma In A Rural County In The Southeastern United States, Kari Anne Russell
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
The COVID-19 pandemic created historical trauma that will be felt for years to come. As the world begins sifting through the impacts, adolescents with previous trauma could be among the greatest sufferers. Rooted in trauma theory, this study aimed to examine the effects on high school students with previous trauma in a rural county in the southeastern United States. Variables such as previous mental health or counseling services, gender, socioeconomic status, race or ethnicity, and number of generations living in the home were all examined for those students having four or more ACEs. Through a quantitative design and with passive …
A Phenomenological Study Of Psychological Experience In The Mental Health Crisis Of Korean American Christian Older Adolescents, Munmi Son
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
The purpose of this phenomenological study is to understand the experience of psychological distress witnessed in the mental health crisis of Korean American Christian adolescents. Korean adolescents are at increased risk of attempting suicide. Therefore, it is important to understand the phenomenon and psychological experience of mental health problems among Korean Christian adolescents. This study explores Korean-American cultural characteristics and the psychology of access to mental health services by these adolescents with mental health concerns. The design of this study is an interpretative qualitative study and includes open semi-structured interviews and observations for data collection. This study identifies the distinctiveness …
Avoiding The Cliff: A Case Study Exploring A Community-Based Program Working With Young Adults With Disabilities, Jon Christopher Mckinnon
Avoiding The Cliff: A Case Study Exploring A Community-Based Program Working With Young Adults With Disabilities, Jon Christopher Mckinnon
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
When young adults with disabilities (YAWD) age out of the system, they face what has colloquially been termed “the cliff,” which symbolizes the sudden drop in services that occur as they transition out of high school; needs previously met at school are left unaddressed. Multiple options have been suggested to meet these needs, including employment, vocational rehab, sheltered workshops, supported employment, postsecondary education, and volunteering. Despite this, options for YAWD remain limited, especially when they have intellectual disabilities. The purpose of this intrinsic case study was to understand how Top Crops, a community-based program in Bowling Green, KY, helps meet …
An Exploration Of Divorced Professional Black Women (Pbw) Perspectives Of Mutual Submission In Marriage, Montreal D. Ravenel
An Exploration Of Divorced Professional Black Women (Pbw) Perspectives Of Mutual Submission In Marriage, Montreal D. Ravenel
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study was to examine the viewpoints of divorced Professional Black Women (PBW) on reciprocal submission in marriage. The theories that guided this study were social exchange theory, womanist theory, and equity theory. The central research question for this study was, what is the lived experience of mutual submission in the marriage of divorced professional women? In certain instances, traditional submission behaviors have been perceived as reticence, servitude, inferiority, debasement, and a show of weakness. In addition, biblical submission is recognized as subjective to the reader or practitioner. Because submission has a long history and …
A Phenomenological Study Exploring Secondary School Counselors’ Perceptions Of Implementing Social And Emotional Learning (Sel) Within Their School Setting, Rhonda Lindsey
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
Social and emotional learning (SEL) has become a standard practice in public education due to the many social and mental health challenges faced by young people. Teachers have been directed to incorporate SEL lessons daily, which sometimes can be a challenge to facilitate when having to teach core instruction. However, secondary school counselors are trained to facilitate SEL as part of their comprehensive school counseling programs and the American School Counseling Association (ASCA) national model. Unfortunately, they experience challenges with facilitation. The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological qualitative study was to analyze the lived experiences of secondary school counselors’ implementation …
An Exploration Into The Effectiveness Of Yoga In Reducing Anxiety In Female Military Personnel, Aubrey C. Berry
An Exploration Into The Effectiveness Of Yoga In Reducing Anxiety In Female Military Personnel, Aubrey C. Berry
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
Research indicates that female service members remain more anxious than their male counterparts, as these women report facing additional familial and occupational stressors. However, despite this evident incongruence, women in the military also remain less likely to seek mental health treatment for chronic anxiety. Current research indicates that yoga could serve as an efficacious alternative treatment to reduce anxiety, as study conclusions hint at elevated benefit and minimal risk when compared to counseling session attendance. A review of existing research presents several positive features and positive effects of yoga that lead to decreases in anxious mood. However, there is a …