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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Addressing The Persistence Of Tuberculosis Among The Canadian Inuit Population: The Need For A Social Determinants Of Health Framework, Kassandra C. Kulmann Ma Candidate, Chantelle Am Richmond Professor Dec 2013

Addressing The Persistence Of Tuberculosis Among The Canadian Inuit Population: The Need For A Social Determinants Of Health Framework, Kassandra C. Kulmann Ma Candidate, Chantelle Am Richmond Professor

Chantelle Richmond

Canadian Aboriginal people have poorer levels of health than the general population. A serious issue is the high rate of tuberculosis (TB) among the Inuit population; rates are much higher than those of the general Canadian population. Several social determinants of health (SDOH), including household crowding and poverty, are strongly correlated with TB prevalence. In this paper, we describe the medical and social determinants of TB, and critically examine the TB literature specific to the Inuit population. The majority of studies recommend biomedical interventions for the treatment of TB. Few researchers have employed the social determinants of health theory to …


Risk Factors For Becoming Homeless Among A Cohort Of Veterans Who Served In The Era Of The Iraq And Afghanistan Conflicts, Stephen Metraux, Limin X. Clegg, John D. Daigh, Dennis P. Culhane, Vincent R. Kane Nov 2013

Risk Factors For Becoming Homeless Among A Cohort Of Veterans Who Served In The Era Of The Iraq And Afghanistan Conflicts, Stephen Metraux, Limin X. Clegg, John D. Daigh, Dennis P. Culhane, Vincent R. Kane

Dennis P. Culhane

Objectives. In this population-based cohort study, we assessed baseline risk factors for homelessness, including the role of service in the Iraq or Afghanistan conflicts, among a large cohort of recent veterans.
Methods. Data for this study came from administrative records for 310 685 veterans who separated from active military duty from July 1, 2005, to September 30, 2006. We used survival analysis methods to determine incidence rates and risk factors for homelessness, based on baseline data for military factors, demographic characteristics, and diagnoses of behavioral health disorders and traumatic brain injury.
Results. Service in Iraq or Afghanistan and, more specifically, …


Community-Level Characteristics Associated With Variations In Rates Of Homelessness Among Families And Single Adults, Jamison D. Fargo, Ellen A. Munley, Thomas H. Byrne, Ann Elizabeth Montgomery, Dennis P. Culhane Nov 2013

Community-Level Characteristics Associated With Variations In Rates Of Homelessness Among Families And Single Adults, Jamison D. Fargo, Ellen A. Munley, Thomas H. Byrne, Ann Elizabeth Montgomery, Dennis P. Culhane

Dennis P. Culhane

Objectives. We modeled rates of family and single-adult homelessness in the United States in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan regions and as a function of community-level demographic, behavioral, health, economic, and safety net characteristics.
Methods. We entered community-level characteristics and US Department of Housing and Urban Development point-in-time counts for a single night in January 2009 into separate mixed-effects statistical analyses that modeled homelessness rates for 4 subpopulations: families and single adults inmetropolitan and nonmetropolitan regions.
Results. Community-level factors accounted for 25% to 50% of the variance in homelessness rates across models. In metropolitan regions, alcohol consumption, social support, and several economic …


Relationship Among Adverse Childhood Experiences, History Of Active Military Service, And Adult Outcomes: Homelessness, Mental Health And Physical Health, Ann Elizabeth Montgomery, J J. Cutuli, Michelle Evans-Chase, Dan Treglia, Dennis P. Culhane Nov 2013

Relationship Among Adverse Childhood Experiences, History Of Active Military Service, And Adult Outcomes: Homelessness, Mental Health And Physical Health, Ann Elizabeth Montgomery, J J. Cutuli, Michelle Evans-Chase, Dan Treglia, Dennis P. Culhane

Dennis P. Culhane

Objectives. We determined whether a report of adverse childhood experiences predicts adult outcomes related to homelessness, mental health, and physical health and whether participation in active military service influences the relationship between childhood and adult adversity.
Methods. Using data from the 2010 Washington State Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, we tested by means of logistic regression the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and 3 adult outcomes—homelessness, mental health, and physical health—as well as differences among those with a history of active military service.
Results. Adverse childhood experiences separately predicted increased odds of experiencing homelessness as an adult and mental health …


Homelessness Research: Shaping Policy And Practice, Now And Into The Future, Dennis P. Culhane, Vince R. Kane, Mark Johnston Nov 2013

Homelessness Research: Shaping Policy And Practice, Now And Into The Future, Dennis P. Culhane, Vince R. Kane, Mark Johnston

Dennis P. Culhane

As this special issue of the journal well reflects, much progress has been made in homelessness research. That progress has been matched with advances in homelessness policy and programming, nearly all of it informed by the contributions of the research community. While the imperatives of policy-making have required decisions to be made with imperfect knowledge, a substantial enough convergence of theory and evidence has enabled policymakers to shift homelessness policy and practice in important ways. Those shifts have also prefigured some of policymakers’ needs from the research community in the future.


Universal Screening For Homelessness And Risk For Homelessness In The Veterans Health Administration, Ann Elizabeth Montgomery, Jamison D. Fargo, Thomas H. Byrne, Vincent R. Kane, Dennis P. Culhane Nov 2013

Universal Screening For Homelessness And Risk For Homelessness In The Veterans Health Administration, Ann Elizabeth Montgomery, Jamison D. Fargo, Thomas H. Byrne, Vincent R. Kane, Dennis P. Culhane

Dennis P. Culhane

We examined data for all veteranswho completed the Veterans Health Administration’s national homelessness screening instrument between October 1, 2012, and January 10, 2013. Among veterans who were not engaged with the US Department of Veterans Affairs homeless system and presented for primary care services, the prevalence of recent housing instability or homelessness was 0.9% and homelessness risk was 1.2%. Future research will refine outreach strategies, targeting of prevention resources, and development of novel interventions.


Get The Word Out: Utilizing Traditional And Emerging Tools To Disseminate And Measure The Impact Of Your Research, Sally A. Gore Nov 2013

Get The Word Out: Utilizing Traditional And Emerging Tools To Disseminate And Measure The Impact Of Your Research, Sally A. Gore

Sally A. Gore

Publishing articles and presenting at conferences are tried and true ways for promoting your research within academic and professional circles, but with changes to scholarly communications and the emergence of many new forms that allow individuals to disseminate information more freely, openly, and quickly, researchers have a host of opportunities to both promote their work to a larger audience and track the impact of their research in a more accurate manner. From article-level metrics (altmetrics) to open access publications to the use of social media, this poster gives an introduction to some of the vehicles available today, how to use …


The 2013 Annual Homelessness Assessment Report (Ahar) To Congress: Part 1, Point-In-Time Estimates Of Homelessness, Meghan Henry, Alvaro Cortes, Sean Morris, Jill Khadduri, Dennis P. Culhane Oct 2013

The 2013 Annual Homelessness Assessment Report (Ahar) To Congress: Part 1, Point-In-Time Estimates Of Homelessness, Meghan Henry, Alvaro Cortes, Sean Morris, Jill Khadduri, Dennis P. Culhane

Dennis P. Culhane

On a single night in January 2013, there were 610,042 people experiencing homelessness in the United States, including 394,698 people who were homeless in sheltered locations and 215,344 people who were living in unsheltered locations.


The 2012 Annual Homelessness Assessment Report (Ahar) To Congress: Volume 2, Estimates Of Homelessness In The United States, Claudia Solari, Alvaro Cortes, Scott Brown, Jill Khadduri, Dennis P. Culhane Aug 2013

The 2012 Annual Homelessness Assessment Report (Ahar) To Congress: Volume 2, Estimates Of Homelessness In The United States, Claudia Solari, Alvaro Cortes, Scott Brown, Jill Khadduri, Dennis P. Culhane

Dennis P. Culhane

Since 2007, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development has released an annual report on the extent of homelessness in the United States—the Annual Homeless Assessment Report (AHAR). The report documents how many people are using shelter programs for homeless people, and how many people are in unsheltered locations that are often called “the street.” The AHAR is delivered each year to the U.S. Congress, and its contents are used to inform Federal, State, and local policies to prevent and end homelessness. This report is the second part of a two-volume series. The first part is called The 2012 …


Why Are There Delays In Seeking Treatment For Childhood Diarrhoea In India?, Nisha Malhotra May 2013

Why Are There Delays In Seeking Treatment For Childhood Diarrhoea In India?, Nisha Malhotra

Nisha Malhotra

Abstract Aim To examine the barriers and facilitating factors for seeking treatment for childhood diarrhoea and to determine the main causes for delay in seeking treatment.

Methods Data from Indian Demographic and Health survey 2005–06 (NFHS-III) was used. Mothers were asked if their children (<5-years) had suffered from diarrhoea during the two weeks preceding the survey. Data were collected on the time of seeking treatment after start of the illness, and days waited to seek treatment after the diarrhoea started. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to find the determinants of seeking treatment at the health facility and the factors responsible for the “delay” in seeking advice/treatment.

Results Out of a sample of 41,287 children, 3890 (9.4%) reportedly had diarrhoea. Sixty percent of children with diarrhoea were taken to a health facility. Mother's education till higher secondary and above (OR 1.65; 95% CI, 1.08 – 2.54), richest (OR 1.76; 95% CI, 1.24 – 2.48) wealth index, mother's lack of knowledge of oral …


A Tale Of Two Health Sciences Libraries Working To Improve Health Literacy [Poster], Margot G. Malachowski Mls, Kate Saylor Msi May 2013

A Tale Of Two Health Sciences Libraries Working To Improve Health Literacy [Poster], Margot G. Malachowski Mls, Kate Saylor Msi

Margot G Malachowski, MLS, AHIP

Our presentation demonstrates two health sciences libraries performing outreach in public libraries to achieve these community goals: increased awareness of high-quality online resources for health information; improved confidence in finding and evaluating good health information; and increased knowledge of the resources and benefits to be gained from partnering with a health sciences library.


Gifts From The Elders: Honouring The Past For A Healthier Tomorrow, Chantelle Richmond, James Fortier Dec 2012

Gifts From The Elders: Honouring The Past For A Healthier Tomorrow, Chantelle Richmond, James Fortier

Chantelle Richmond

“Gifts from the Elders” follows five Anishinaabe youth on a summer research project with their Elders, whose stories guide them on a journey back to proceeding generations that lived a healthy lifestyle off of the land. Their stories chronicle the devastating impact that environmental and cultural dispossession had on the flow of knowledge from Elders to youth, and ultimately on the health of their people. As their summer comes to an end, the youth emerge with “gifts” of knowledge and teachings from their Elders, inspiring a renewed determination to forge a hopeful and healthy future for the next generation.


Mobility, Latino Migrants, And The Geography Of Sex Work: Using Ethnography In Public Health Assessments, Thurka Sangaramoorthy, Karen Kroeger Dec 2012

Mobility, Latino Migrants, And The Geography Of Sex Work: Using Ethnography In Public Health Assessments, Thurka Sangaramoorthy, Karen Kroeger

Thurka Sangaramoorthy

Recent studies have documented frequent use of female sex workers among Latino migrant men in the southeastern United States, yet little is known about the context in which sex work takes place or the women who provide these services. As anthropologists working in applied public health, we use rapid ethnographic assessment as a technical assistance tool to document local understandings of the organization and typology of sex work and patterns of mobility among sex workers and their Latino migrant clients. By incorporating ethnographic methods in traditional public health needs assessments, we were able to highlight the diversity of migrant experiences …