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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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Articles 1 - 13 of 13
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Supporting The Shift From State Water To Community Water: Lessons From A Social Learning Approach To Designing Joint Irrigation Projects In Morocco, Marcel Kuper, Matheiu Dionnet, Ali Hammani, Younes Bekkar, Patrice Garin, Bettina Bluemling
Supporting The Shift From State Water To Community Water: Lessons From A Social Learning Approach To Designing Joint Irrigation Projects In Morocco, Marcel Kuper, Matheiu Dionnet, Ali Hammani, Younes Bekkar, Patrice Garin, Bettina Bluemling
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This paper focuses on the evaluation of a participatory approach aimed at supporting groups of small-scale farmers in the design of joint drip irrigation projects. Our idea was to create a sustainable social learning environment in which they could acquire adaptive knowledge about new irrigation technology and about designing and managing a joint irrigation project while at the same time improving their negotiation capacities. We developed a framework to evaluate the process as well as the outputs and outcomes of the use of our approach with four groups of smallholder farmers in the Tadla irrigation scheme in Morocco. Our findings …
Adaptive Water Governance: Assessing The Institutional Prescriptions Of Adaptive (Co-)Management From A Governance Perspective And Defining A Research Agenda, Dave Huitema, Erik Mostert, Wouter Egas, Sabine Moellenkamp, Claudia Pahl-Wostl, Resul Yalcin
Adaptive Water Governance: Assessing The Institutional Prescriptions Of Adaptive (Co-)Management From A Governance Perspective And Defining A Research Agenda, Dave Huitema, Erik Mostert, Wouter Egas, Sabine Moellenkamp, Claudia Pahl-Wostl, Resul Yalcin
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This article assesses the institutional prescriptions of adaptive (co-)management based on a literature review of the (water) governance literature. The adaptive (co-)management literature contains four institutional prescriptions: collaboration in a polycentric governance system, public participation, an experimental approach to resource management, and management at the bioregional scale. These prescriptions largely resonate with the theoretical and empirical insights embedded in the (water) governance literature. However, this literature also predicts various problems. In particular, attention is called to the complexities associated with participation and collaboration, the difficulty of experimenting in a real-world setting, and the politicized nature of discussion on governance at …
Communication Management And Trust: Their Role In Building Resilience To “Surprises” Such As Natural Disasters, Pandemic Flu, And Terrorism, P. H. Longstaff, Sung-Un Yang
Communication Management And Trust: Their Role In Building Resilience To “Surprises” Such As Natural Disasters, Pandemic Flu, And Terrorism, P. H. Longstaff, Sung-Un Yang
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In times of public danger such as natural disasters and health emergencies, a country’s communication systems will be some of its most important assets because access to information will make individuals and groups more resilient. Communication by those charged with dealing with the situation is often critical. We analyzed reports from a wide variety of crisis incidents and found a direct correlation between trust and an organization’s preparedness and internal coordination of crisis communication and the effectiveness of its leadership. Thus, trust is one of the most important variables in effective communication management in times of “surprise.”
The Growing Importance Of Social Learning In Water Resources Management And Sustainability Science, Claudia Pahl-Wostl, Erik Mostert, David Tàbara
The Growing Importance Of Social Learning In Water Resources Management And Sustainability Science, Claudia Pahl-Wostl, Erik Mostert, David Tàbara
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The perceptions of what is required for sustainable water resources management and sustainability science in general have undergone major changes over the past decade. Initially, water resources management followed an instrumental “prediction and control” approach, dominated by technical end-of-pipe solutions. Pollution control, for example, relied primarily on waste water treatment instead of source control, and flood management was based on dykes and reservoirs rather than non-structural measures such as land-use zoning. This approach has yielded important results, but it came at a price. In many places, the natural dynamics of the river environment have been destroyed. Moreover, this approach no …
Accurate Mental Maps As An Aspect Of Local Ecological Knowledge (Lek): A Case Study From Lough Neagh, Northern Ireland, John Mckenna, Rory J. Quinn, Daniel J. Donnelly, J. Andrew G. Cooper
Accurate Mental Maps As An Aspect Of Local Ecological Knowledge (Lek): A Case Study From Lough Neagh, Northern Ireland, John Mckenna, Rory J. Quinn, Daniel J. Donnelly, J. Andrew G. Cooper
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A mental map of the substrate of Lough Neagh, Northern Ireland, compiled from interviews with local fishermen, is compared with maps produced by science-based techniques. The comparison reveals that the mental map is highly accurate. This finding contrasts with the spatial distortion characteristic of the classic mental map. The accuracy of the Lough Neagh map is attributed to the fact that it is a compendium of the knowledge of several generations, rather than an individual perception. Individual distortions are filtered out, and accuracy is promoted by economic self-interest. High accuracy may be characteristic of the mental maps held by artisanal …
Managing Waters Of The Paraíba Do Sul River Basin, Brazil: A Case Study In Institutional Change And Social Learning, Lori M. Kumler, Maria Carmen Lemos
Managing Waters Of The Paraíba Do Sul River Basin, Brazil: A Case Study In Institutional Change And Social Learning, Lori M. Kumler, Maria Carmen Lemos
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This article examines the implementation of integrated water-management institutions in the Paraíba do Sul River basin in southeast Brazil. It argues that social learning has been critical in facilitating reform implementation so far, and will likely continue to be an important factor for the future sustainability of the new management system. There has been a synergistic relationship between social learning and Brazil’s water-reform hybrid governance institutions, in which social learning facilitated the implementation of the reform’s new institutions, which in turn enabled further learning in the context of the river basin committee’s decision-making process. Through interviews, surveys, and observations, we …
Epistemological Pluralism: Reorganizing Interdisciplinary Research, Thaddeus R. Miller, Timothy D. Baird, Caitlin M. Littlefield, Gary Kofinas, F. Stuart Chapin, Iii, Charles L. Redman
Epistemological Pluralism: Reorganizing Interdisciplinary Research, Thaddeus R. Miller, Timothy D. Baird, Caitlin M. Littlefield, Gary Kofinas, F. Stuart Chapin, Iii, Charles L. Redman
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Despite progress in interdisciplinary research, difficulties remain. In this paper, we argue that scholars, educators, and practitioners need to critically rethink the ways in which interdisciplinary research and training are conducted. We present epistemological pluralism as an approach for conducting innovative, collaborative research and study. Epistemological pluralism recognizes that, in any given research context, there may be several valuable ways of knowing, and that accommodating this plurality can lead to more successful integrated study. This approach is particularly useful in the study and management of social–ecological systems. Through resilience theory's adaptive cycle, we demonstrate how a focus on epistemological pluralism …
Cross-Disciplinary Collaboration And Learning, Deana D. Pennington
Cross-Disciplinary Collaboration And Learning, Deana D. Pennington
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Complex environmental problem solving depends on cross-disciplinary collaboration among scientists. Collaborative research must be preceded by an exploratory phase of collective thinking that creates shared conceptual frameworks. Collective thinking, in a cross-disciplinary setting, depends on the facility with which collaborators are able to learn and understand each others’ perspectives. This paper applies three perspectives on learning to the problem of enabling cross-disciplinary collaboration: Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, constructivism, and organizational learning. Application of learning frameworks to collaboration provides insights regarding receptive environments for collaboration, and processes that facilitate cross-disciplinary interactions. These environments and interactions need time to develop and require …
Interactive Landuse Planning In Indonesian Rain-Forest Landscapes: Reconnecting Plans To Practice, Eva Wollenberg, Bruce Campbell, Edmond Dounias, Petrus Gunarso, Moira Moeliono, Douglas Sheil
Interactive Landuse Planning In Indonesian Rain-Forest Landscapes: Reconnecting Plans To Practice, Eva Wollenberg, Bruce Campbell, Edmond Dounias, Petrus Gunarso, Moira Moeliono, Douglas Sheil
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Indonesia’s 1999–2004 decentralization reforms created opportunities for land-use planning that reflected local conditions and local people’s needs. We report on seven years of work in the District of Malinau in Indonesian Borneo that attempted to reconnect government land-use plans to local people’s values, priorities, and practices. Four principles are proposed to support more interactive planning between government and local land users: Support local groups to make their local knowledge, experience, and aspirations more visible in formal land-use planning and decision making; create channels of communication, feedback, and transparency to support the adaptive capacities and accountability of district leadership and institutions; …
The Dynamics Of Social Capital And Conflict Management In Multiple Resource Regimes: A Case Of The Southwestern Highlands Of Uganda, Pascal C. Sanginga, Rick N. Kamugisha, Andrienne M. Martin
The Dynamics Of Social Capital And Conflict Management In Multiple Resource Regimes: A Case Of The Southwestern Highlands Of Uganda, Pascal C. Sanginga, Rick N. Kamugisha, Andrienne M. Martin
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Increasingly, social capital, defined as shared norms, trust, and the horizontal and vertical social networks that facilitate coordination and cooperation for mutually beneficial collective action, is seen as an important asset upon which people rely to manage natural resources and resolve conflicts. This paper uses empirical data from households and community surveys and case studies, to examine the role, strengths, and limits of social capital in managing conflicts over the use and management of natural resources. We inventoried over 700 cases ranging from conflicts between multiple resource users to supra-community conflicts between local communities concerns for better livelihoods and national/international …
Cultural Factors As Co-Determinants Of Participation In River Basin Management, Bert Enserink, Mita Patel, Nicole Kranz, Josefina Maestu
Cultural Factors As Co-Determinants Of Participation In River Basin Management, Bert Enserink, Mita Patel, Nicole Kranz, Josefina Maestu
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Finding a place for public participation in the policies and practices of European river basin management planning is a challenge for the authorities in the participating countries and territories. Understanding the relation between national culture, the historical and political differences in the respective countries, and their practical experience with participation is considered important to support the implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive. Knowledge and understanding of this relation is important to provide a context and basis from which new participatory practices can be designed and experiences evaluated and to identify conditions necessary for social learning. Within the context of …
Access And Resilience: Analyzing The Construction Of Social Resilience To The Threat Of Water Scarcity, Ruth Langridge, Juliet Christian-Smith, Kathleen A. Lohse
Access And Resilience: Analyzing The Construction Of Social Resilience To The Threat Of Water Scarcity, Ruth Langridge, Juliet Christian-Smith, Kathleen A. Lohse
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Resilience is a vital attribute that characterizes a system’s capacity to cope with stress. Researchers have examined the measurement of resilience in ecosystems and in social–ecological systems, and the comparative vulnerability of social groups. Our paper refocuses attention on the processes and relations that create social resilience. Our central proposition is that the creation of social resilience is linked to a community’s ability to access critical resources. We explore this proposition through an analysis of how community resilience to the stress of water scarcity is influenced by historically contingent mechanisms to gain, control, and maintain access to water. Access is …
The Politics Of Scale, Position, And Place In The Governance Of Water Resources In The Mekong Region, Louis Lebel, Po Garden, Masao Imamura
The Politics Of Scale, Position, And Place In The Governance Of Water Resources In The Mekong Region, Louis Lebel, Po Garden, Masao Imamura
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The appropriate scales for science, management, and decision making cannot be unambiguously derived from physical characteristics of water resources. Scales are a joint product of social and biophysical processes. The politics-of-scale metaphor has been helpful in drawing attention to the ways in which scale choices are constrained overtly by politics, and more subtly by choices of technologies, institutional designs, and measurements. In doing so, however, the scale metaphor has been stretched to cover a lot of different spatial relationships. In this paper, we argue that there are benefits to understanding—and actions to distinguish—issues of scale from those of place and …