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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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Articles 1 - 5 of 5
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Relationships Between Personality Type And Cognitive Ability In Marmoset Monkeys (Callithrix Jacchus), Zachary Marciano
Relationships Between Personality Type And Cognitive Ability In Marmoset Monkeys (Callithrix Jacchus), Zachary Marciano
Masters Theses
Personality refers to multiple traits that are thought to be stable over time and across situations. It is recognized that personality has a neural basis and is associated with health outcomes. Whether personality is also associated with cognitive ability, however, is still a matter of intense debate. One way to examine these potential relationships is to use a nonhuman primate model for which complexities present in humans can be minimized. Recent research into the varying personality types of marmoset monkeys suggests that there are predominantly three to five core primary domains that most marmosets and other primates can be categorized …
Sequential Encoding In Visual Working Memory: In The Absence Of Structure, Recency Determines Performance, Jeffery Durbin
Sequential Encoding In Visual Working Memory: In The Absence Of Structure, Recency Determines Performance, Jeffery Durbin
Masters Theses
Most prior investigations of visual working memory (VWM) presented the to-be-remembered items simultaneously in a static configuration (e.g., Luck & Vogel, 1997). However, in everyday situations, such as driving on a busy multilane highway, items (e.g., cars) are presented sequentially and must be retained to support later actions (e.g., knowing if it’s safe to change lanes). In a simultaneous presentation, the relative positions of items are apparent but for sequential presentation, relative positions must be inferred in relation to the background structure (e.g., highway lane markings). To examine sequential encoding in VWM, we developed a novel task in which dots …
Changes In Color Guidance Over The Course Of A Complex Visual Search, Ryan Papargiris
Changes In Color Guidance Over The Course Of A Complex Visual Search, Ryan Papargiris
Masters Theses
When searching for an object, we store a mental representation of the target, which guides our search through the use of attention. The effectiveness of this search guidance varies depending on the task and the relationship between target and distractors. With a better understanding of how search guidance changes over time within a trial, we can better compare the differences between experimental conditions. Eye tracking data from a variety of search tasks were analyzed to determine how color guidance varied over the course of the trial. Color guidance for a given fixation was evaluated based on the distance in color …
Visual Recollection For Non-Declarative Representations, Patrick Sadil
Visual Recollection For Non-Declarative Representations, Patrick Sadil
Masters Theses
Recollection is a pattern completion process that enables retrieval of arbitrarily associated information following minimal study. These attributes enable recollection to support retrieval of many kinds of mnemonic representations, from highly associative contextual information to very specific low-level representations. However, recollection is typically studied in the context of declarative memory tasks, in which participants exhibit recollection by explicitly reporting on the recollected information. Is it the case that recollection is limited to declarable representations, or is it a more general process that occurs for any representation? Two experiments and a novel analysis technique are presented to answer this question. The …
Testing Recognition Memory Models With Forced-Choice Testing, Qiuli Ma
Testing Recognition Memory Models With Forced-Choice Testing, Qiuli Ma
Masters Theses
People’s ability to call an experienced item “old” and a novel item “new” is recognition memory. Recognition memory is usually studied by first asking participants to learn a list of words and then make judgments of old (studied) or new (not studied) for test words. It has long been debated whether the underlying process of recognition memory is continuous or discrete. Two types of models are compared specifically that assume either discrete or continuous information states: the 2-high threshold (2HT) model and the unequal variance signal detection (UVSD) model, respectively. Researchers have used the receiver operation characteristic (ROC) function and …