Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Articles 1 - 28 of 28
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
The Development And Validation Of The Intolerance Of Uncertainty In Social Interactions Scale, Anne Eible
The Development And Validation Of The Intolerance Of Uncertainty In Social Interactions Scale, Anne Eible
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is commonly defined as the tendency for one to interpret uncertainty as negative or threatening. Most general or non-specific measures of IU show a strong relationship with worry and generalized anxiety; however, a specialized measure of intolerance of uncertainty in social situations could provide insight into the role of IU in social anxiety. This study's purpose was to develop and validate the Intolerance of Uncertainty in Social Interactions Scale, a comprehensive measure designed to assess intolerance of uncertainty in social situations. Participants consisted of a non-referred, adult undergraduate sample (N=456). Based on an exploratory factor analysis, …
The Relationship Among Identity Development, Dark Personality, And Risk-Taking Behaviors, Reilly Branch
The Relationship Among Identity Development, Dark Personality, And Risk-Taking Behaviors, Reilly Branch
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Previous research has found significant relationships between various dark personality traits (Machiavellianism, sadism, narcissism, and psychopathy) and externalizing behaviors including delinquency (Muris et al., 2013). Although many studies have examined the relationships among dark personality, risk propensity, and delinquency, little research has examined the role of identity development and identity distress in predicting risky or antisocial behaviors. Therefore, this study examined the utility of using both the Dark Tetrad and identity dimensions to predict risk propensity and delinquent behaviors. Emerging adult college students (N = 424) completed an anonymous online survey battery. Results indicated that specific dark personality traits (i.e., …
The Role Of Savoring In The Relationship Between Concussion History And Consummatory Reward, John O'Donnell
The Role Of Savoring In The Relationship Between Concussion History And Consummatory Reward, John O'Donnell
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Concussions are a relatively common neurological injury and are associated with several adverse outcomes including depression. Anhedonia is a core feature of depression, with multiple subtypes, including consummatory anhedonia (i.e., diminished reward liking). Reward liking is related conceptually to the practice of savoring pleasurable stimuli. Savoring has been a component of mindfulness-based interventions that have efficacy in treating depressive symptoms. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between lifetime concussion history, reward liking, savoring, and depression severity. 293 participants (56% women; mean age: 19.31) completed an online questionnaire and computer-based image savoring task. Contrary to expectations, no …
Risk And Protective Factors For Negative Psychological Outcomes In Lgbtq+ Individuals, Emalee Kerr
Risk And Protective Factors For Negative Psychological Outcomes In Lgbtq+ Individuals, Emalee Kerr
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Previous research suggests that suicide is more prevalent among those in the LGBTQ+ community (Abelson et al., 2006), and they are also more likely to experience bullying and psychological symptoms while less likely to have adequate social support. Although many studies have examined risk factors for suicidality, the current study aimed to compare the impact of the risk factors among those in the LGBTQ+ community with those who are not. Further, this study examined the role of identity in conjunction with these other risk and protective factors. College students (N = 501) completed an anonymous online survey battery. Suicidality was …
Underlying Dimensions Of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Pre And Post-Treatment In Women With Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder, Emy Willis
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
A considerable proportion of women worldwide have experienced various manner of abuse in their lifetime (Devries et al., 2011). Women are more at risk of exposure to physical and sexual violence (Hedtke et al., 2008), and women who have experienced interpersonal violence are at heightened risk of developing several mental health conditions including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and substance use disorders (SUDs; Acierno et al., 1999; McGruder-Johnson et al., 2000; Messman-Moore & Bhuptani, 2017). Treatment outcomes for individuals with co-occurring PTSD and SUDs tend to be worse than for those diagnosed with PTSD alone (Schäfer & Najavits, 2007), and outcome …
A Survival Analysis Examining Risk And Protective Factors Of Foster Care Reentry For Children Aged 0 To 5 Within A Social Ecological Framework, Samantha Klaver
A Survival Analysis Examining Risk And Protective Factors Of Foster Care Reentry For Children Aged 0 To 5 Within A Social Ecological Framework, Samantha Klaver
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Although the fundamental goals of the child welfare system include establishing and ensuring the safety, permanency, and well-being of affected children, child reentry into the foster care system has emerged recently as a substantial and growing concern (Jedwab & Shaw, 2017). Utilizing archival, statewide administrative data collected from Florida's Department of Children and Families (DCF), a series of multivariate Cox regression models were conducted on a sample of young children between the ages of 0- and 5-years (N = 3,970) to examine various socioecological risk and protective factors of foster care reentry. Several individual factors (i.e., child age at initial …
Hannibal Lecter And A Friend Walk Into A Bar: The Role Of Psychopathy In Peer Drinking Behaviors, Matthew Kramer
Hannibal Lecter And A Friend Walk Into A Bar: The Role Of Psychopathy In Peer Drinking Behaviors, Matthew Kramer
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
OVERVIEW: College student drinking remains a concern on campuses, with many interventions for college students not showing the desired effect in lowering alcohol use and problems. Thus, examining possible underlying factors, such as psychopathy, is important. Psychopathy includes elements of callousness, manipulativeness, charm, and impulsivity. Additionally, psychopathy has been associated with increased alcohol use and problems. Despite the overwhelming evidence of psychopathy's role in alcohol pathology writ large, and that psychopathy is considered to include predatory interpersonal skills and antisocial behaviors, there is little research examining the role of psychopathy in peer influence related to alcohol use and protective strategies. …
Examining The Relationship Between Alcohol Expectancies And Behavioral Economic Theory, Tatiana Magri
Examining The Relationship Between Alcohol Expectancies And Behavioral Economic Theory, Tatiana Magri
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
PURPOSE: Alcohol consumption and related problems are common among college students. Prior research links behavioral economic constructs of alcohol demand (relative valuation of alcohol; analyzed using area under the curve) and relative reinforcement (RR; proportionate reinforcement obtained from alcohol-related activities relative to other activities), as well as alcohol expectancies, with alcohol consumption and problems. However, research has yet to examine the associations between behavioral economic and expectancy theories or how they influence alcohol use outcomes. METHOD: College students who endorsed drinking in the past 30 days (n= 287) completed an online survey assessing demand, RR, alcohol expectancies, alcohol problems, and …
Predictors Of Ptsd, Depression, And Suicide-Related Outcomes For Military Personnel And First Responders In A Three-Week Intensive Outpatient Program For Ptsd, Victoria Steigerwald
Predictors Of Ptsd, Depression, And Suicide-Related Outcomes For Military Personnel And First Responders In A Three-Week Intensive Outpatient Program For Ptsd, Victoria Steigerwald
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Military personnel and first responders are distinct populations that share similarities on work, cultural, and peritraumatic factors that may impact evidence-based PTSD treatment (EBT) outcomes. Little research to date has compared their response to EBTs or identified predictors of EBT outcomes for both populations. The present study examined whether first responders' treatment outcomes were non-inferior to those of military personnel in a three-week Trauma Management Therapy (TMT)-based intensive outpatient program (IOP) and whether baseline hyperarousal symptoms were predictive of outcomes. Data were analyzed from 111 military personnel and first responders (85.6% male, mean age=43.0 years) who completed the IOP. Changes …
The Effects Of Traumatic Experiences On Identity Among People With Expressive Language Disorders, Bailey Wagaman
The Effects Of Traumatic Experiences On Identity Among People With Expressive Language Disorders, Bailey Wagaman
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
This study aims to address the lack of standardized measurement of the effects of trauma on identity. Waterman's (2020) theory, taxonomy, and Trauma Impacts on Identity Functioning Scales were used to evaluate the effects of traumatic brain injury on identity. TBI survivors compared their sense of identity from pre-to-post TBI. Data collection consisted of 2 interviews and participants were compensated with $60 gift cards. Participants (N = 15, Mage = 52.67) were recruited from several language disorder groups. In terms of identity functioning post-brain injury, participant reports of their experiences varied quite a bit from identity loss to a strengthened …
Big Five Aspect Personalty Scales And Social Anxiety Severity In A Nonpsychiatric Sample, Samantha Simpson
Big Five Aspect Personalty Scales And Social Anxiety Severity In A Nonpsychiatric Sample, Samantha Simpson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Personality can be explored hierarchically with higher- and lower-order factors. Recent research suggests the personality hierarchy is comprised of higher-order Big Five traits with two lower-order factors per Big Five trait, termed aspects. There is a lack of research examining the relationship between these lower-order aspects and social anxiety (SA) severity. To better understand these relationships, 443 university undergraduate students (72.2% female; mean age = 20.48, SD = 4.64) completed the Big Five Aspects Scale (BFAS) and the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory- 23 (SPAI-23), and were retained following exclusionary criteria. Path analysis, covarying for sex, age, and general anxiety …
Sexual Orientation And The Disclosure Of Unwanted Sexual Experiences, Rebekah Kanefsky
Sexual Orientation And The Disclosure Of Unwanted Sexual Experiences, Rebekah Kanefsky
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Individuals who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, questioning, and other non-heterosexual orientations (LGBQ+) are significantly more likely to experience a sexual assault. To date, research on barriers to sexual assault disclosure (i.e., telling someone about a sexual assault) has been conducted almost exclusively on heterosexual women. Participants ages 18 to 30 participated in a cross-sectional, online study that assessed unwanted sexual experiences, disclosure of those experiences, perceptions of the police and perceptions of belonging to the LGBQ+ community. Findings demonstrated that survivors who identified as LGBQ+ took longer to initially disclose their sexual assault and had greater negative perceptions of …
Loss Of Control Eating Predicted By The Interaction Between Emotion Regulation Difficulties, Distress Tolerance, And The Expectancy That Eating Reduces Negative Affect, Emily Burr
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
A prominent theory of binge eating is the affect regulation theory, which posits that individuals binge eat to alleviate negative affect, and subsequently reduced negative affect reinforces the behavior. Although it is well-supported that individuals experience elevated negative affect pre-binge, findings do not consistently evince reduced negative affect after binge eating. Therefore, the affect regulation theory does not fully account for binge eating. However, habitual binge eating without reliable improvement in affect may be accounted for by expectancy theory. Expectancies may be predictive of behavior whether the outcomes of a behavior are inconsistent. Additionally, there is an increasing scientific awareness …
Initiation Of Alcohol Use In College Students, Gabrielle Lynch
Initiation Of Alcohol Use In College Students, Gabrielle Lynch
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Alcohol use contributes to widespread harm in college students, and postponing initiation of drinking can reduce negative consequences and risk for developing an alcohol use disorder (Palmer et al., 2010). This study focused on variables related to initiation of alcohol use among new students, and maintenance of abstinence among those who chose not to drink. Data was collected from 467 first year college students, 7.5% of whom initiated alcohol use in college, 33% had never consumed alcohol, and 59.5% started drinking before starting college. Several a- priori hypotheses were supported. Perceptions of peer drinking/attitudes mediated the relationship between academic involvement …
Measurement Invariance In The Cesd-8 And Assessment Of Mood Correlates Between American And Mexican Community Studies On The Multisystemic Geriatric Depression Cycle, Manuel Herrera Legon
Measurement Invariance In The Cesd-8 And Assessment Of Mood Correlates Between American And Mexican Community Studies On The Multisystemic Geriatric Depression Cycle, Manuel Herrera Legon
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
The Health and Retirement Study is a longitudinal study that is conducted every other year in the United States and has served as a precursor to similar studies across the world, such as the Mexican Health and Aging Study. The purpose of the current project was evaluating the relationship between depressive symptoms, inflammation and physical activity levels using data from the HRS and MHAS studies. The current project was divided in two main studies. The first study aimed at establishing measurement invariance in a brief questionnaire about depressive symptoms, the CES-D 8. The second study looked at various theories of …
A Longitudinal Examination Of Depression Among Older Adults: The Role Of Working Memory And Sleep, David Brush
A Longitudinal Examination Of Depression Among Older Adults: The Role Of Working Memory And Sleep, David Brush
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Introduction: The development and regulation of depressive symptoms and the ability to regulate their development is a complex process. Both working memory and sleep disturbance relates to depressive symptom endorsement, though the mechanisms relating these variables have not been examined longitudinally. The current manuscript contains a series of three interrelated studies that aim to elucidate the relationship between potential emotion regulation resources longitudinally within the context of the Selection, Optimization, and Compensation of Emotion Regulation (SOC-ER) model. Study one examined the temporal relationship between working memory and depression, study two examined working memory and depression following loss of spouse, and …
The Reciprocal Effect Of Gastrointestinal Health On Psychological Distress And Disability In Emerging Adults, Emily Ross
The Reciprocal Effect Of Gastrointestinal Health On Psychological Distress And Disability In Emerging Adults, Emily Ross
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
The gut-brain connection refers to the bidirectional communication pathway between the brain and gastrointestinal (GI) system. Recent epidemiological research has suggested incidence rates of Disorders of Gut Brain Interaction (DGBI) in emerging adults are increasing. The goal of the study was to investigate the associations between the latent variables of GI health, psychological distress, and impairment in general functioning (disability) across two time points. Although the gut-brain connection has been established, research on its directionality and association with functioning in emerging adults remains an understudied area. A repeated measures design was used to collect data via an online survey in …
Parental Fear Of Hypoglycemia, Adherence, And Glycemic Control In Young Children With Type 1 Diabetes, Jennifer Scheurich
Parental Fear Of Hypoglycemia, Adherence, And Glycemic Control In Young Children With Type 1 Diabetes, Jennifer Scheurich
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Background: With the rising incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) among young children, it is important to understand factors related to management and outcomes in this population. Parental fear of hypoglycemia (FOH) has been examined in relation to children's glycemic control, but findings have been inconsistent. Adherence has been offered as a potential mechanism, but this has not been examined empirically with this population. This study aimed to elucidate the relations among parental FOH, adherence, and glycemic control in young children with T1D. Methods: Parents of children diagnosed with T1D before age 6 (n = 143) completed self-report measures of …
An Evaluation Of The Differences Between Perpetrators In Completed And Averted School Shootings, Ashley Winch
An Evaluation Of The Differences Between Perpetrators In Completed And Averted School Shootings, Ashley Winch
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
School shootings have received a substantial amount of media attention and there have been a variety of explanations proposed as to their cause. While completed school shootings have been evaluated extensively, little research has been done into school shootings that have been averted, and even fewer studies have evaluated between group differences between completed and averted school shootings. The purpose of the present study was to assess the differences in completed and averted school shootings primarily with respect to the age of the perpetrators, the number of perpetrators, and participation in leakage warning behaviors. Additional demographic variables were assessed with …
"I Drink (Responsibly), Therefore I Am": Development Of The Personal Assessment Of Responsible Drinking Identity, Angelina Leary
"I Drink (Responsibly), Therefore I Am": Development Of The Personal Assessment Of Responsible Drinking Identity, Angelina Leary
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
PURPOSE: Identity has long been a human phenomenon, questioned and pondered by many thinkers. Recently, changes in identity have been argued to be the driving force behind behavioral change, and therefore interventions should be viewed within the context of identity change. While several measures of a drinker's identity exist, no measure examines the idiosyncrasies of a Responsible Drinker's Identity, an aim many alcohol-related interventions target. The current study created a responsible drinker identity measure, the Personal Assessment of Responsible Drinking Identity, or PARDI. METHOD: Two studies and a follow-up were used to develop and assess the psychometric properties of the …
Social Connectedness And College Student Alcohol Use: Understanding The Role Of Alcohol Expectancies, Social Anxiety, And Need To Belong, Mark Crisafulli
Social Connectedness And College Student Alcohol Use: Understanding The Role Of Alcohol Expectancies, Social Anxiety, And Need To Belong, Mark Crisafulli
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Despite recent decreases in college alcohol use, alcohol related harms continue to occur at high rates and currently available interventions do not work as well as previously thought. Research has found sociability expectancies to be particularly important in predicting risky alcohol use, and expectancy challenge programs that target these expectancies can be effective in reducing heavy drinking. Little is known, however, about how other social variables might contribute to the influence of expectancies in promoting alcohol use. The current study used structural equation modeling to test models of alcohol use examining how need to belong and social connectedness fit into …
Rethinking Burnout In Informal Caregivers: Development And Validation Of The Informal Caregiver Burnout Inventory - 10 Item Form, Nicholas James
Rethinking Burnout In Informal Caregivers: Development And Validation Of The Informal Caregiver Burnout Inventory - 10 Item Form, Nicholas James
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Measurement of informal caregiver burnout is typically achieved by re-purposing scales of occupational burnout. Such approaches have several methodological and theoretical weaknesses. This paper proposes a new tool for measuring caregiver burnout: The Informal Caregiver Burnout Inventory (ICBI). In the first portion of this study, focused feedback was collected from within-field experts and caregivers. Following item revision, an online sample of informal US caregivers of an individual with dementia was collected. Item Response Theory analysis was used to prune low-information or low-consistency items from the scale. The finalized ICBI contained 10 items and showed strong convergent validity, adequately differentiated burnout …
The Relationship Between Familism And Social Distancing Behaviors During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Thien-An Le
The Relationship Between Familism And Social Distancing Behaviors During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Thien-An Le
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Transmission of Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) occurs efficiently and from symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals, therefore making it highly infectious. As such, social distancing is generally recommended to mitigate the speed of transmission and decrease incidence, hospitalization, and mortality rates. Consistent with other chronic medical conditions, COVID-19 is disproportionately affecting Hispanic/Latinx and black populations. One inherent cultural concept, familism, might also serve to inhibit adherence to social distancing guidelines. Thus, the current study contributes to the growing literature on COVID-19, specifically examining barriers underscoring health disparities. This study evaluated Attitudinal Familism (AFS) and Behavioral Familism (BFS) as predictors of adherence of social …
Sexual Assault Acknowledgment And Psychological Symptoms: The Indirect Effect Of Social Reactions To Disclosures, Emily Bernstein
Sexual Assault Acknowledgment And Psychological Symptoms: The Indirect Effect Of Social Reactions To Disclosures, Emily Bernstein
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Sexual assault is a prevalent problem for women. As a result of sexual assault, women experience a host of negative psychological consequences such as posttraumatic stress, depression, and anxiety. While some survivors label their sexual assault experience as such (i.e., are acknowledged survivors), other survivors do not and use other terms (e.g., a miscommunication). The effect of acknowledgement of sexual assault on post-assault outcomes has yielded mixed findings: some find that unacknowledged survivors report better psychological functioning, while others find that acknowledged survivors have better outcomes. This study sought to better understand acknowledgment status and psychological outcomes by examining the …
Working Memory In Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: An Investigation Of Short-Term And Central Executive Memory Components Using Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy, Samuel Eckrich
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an early onset, highly heritable, chronic neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by underdeveloped/deficient executive functions, particularly those entailing working memory (WM). Substantial research exists documenting WM deficits in pediatric age range ADHD and their relation with adverse learning outcomes; however, relatively little is known concerning the extent to which deficient WM processes reflect underlying deficiencies in hemodynamic functioning (OxyHb). This is the first study to use a movement-tolerant neuroimaging tool—functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS)—to investigate hypothesized prefrontalOxyHb differences between children with ADHD and typically developing (TD) children while they complete memory tasks differing in cognitive processing demands (e.g., …
Changes In Likely Activation Patterns Of Alcohol Expectancies After Exposure To The Expectancy Challenge Alcohol Literacy Curriculum (Ecalc), Jessica Flori
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Alcohol is the most commonly used substance by adolescents in the United States with underage alcohol use being associated with a variety of harms. The Expectancy Challenge Alcohol Literacy Curriculum (ECALC) is a 45-minute interactive expectancy challenge intervention that has been found to be effective in reducing alcohol use. Although ECALC is thought to produce reductions in drinking by changing expectancies, the nature of these expectancy changes has yet to be explored. The purpose of the present study was to link ECALC outcome studies with a memory model approach to understanding the mechanism by which expectancies influence behavior. Participants (n …
Social Support And Mental Health Outcomes Of Lgb People Of Color, Jessica Ruiz
Social Support And Mental Health Outcomes Of Lgb People Of Color, Jessica Ruiz
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Lesbian, gay, and bisexual people of color (LGB PoC) continue to remain an understudied population. Research supports that LGB PoC may experience greater negative health consequences compared to LGB racial/ethnic majority populations. Social support, including family and peer support, is often associated with positive health outcomes for sexual minorities of all backgrounds. The present study sought to evaluate differences between types of social support, including what occurs when one is faced with significant loss of support (i.e., family support). Comparisons between groups sought to determine whether alternative systems of support (i.e., peer social support) buffers against the negative impact of …
Maladaptive Personality Traits And Acute Psychological Distress In Individuals With Head And Neck Cancer, Christopher Spencer
Maladaptive Personality Traits And Acute Psychological Distress In Individuals With Head And Neck Cancer, Christopher Spencer
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Personality disorders (PD) and related traits are associated with and predictive of medical outcomes. One mechanism whereby this may occur is through the interaction of PD traits and distress during treatment of chronic illness, especially in cancer. The majority of head and neck cancers (HNC) are caused by alcohol and tobacco, the disordered use of which is prevalent in those with PDs. This study examined how PD traits relate to distress for individuals during and after treatment of HNC (32.8% in active treatment). A sample of 137 individuals (70.8% male; median age 66) with a diagnosis of HNC from a …