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Articles 1 - 21 of 21
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Bringing Fear To The Perpetrators – Humanitarian Cyber Operations As Evidence Gathering And Deterrence, Jan Kallberg
Bringing Fear To The Perpetrators – Humanitarian Cyber Operations As Evidence Gathering And Deterrence, Jan Kallberg
Jan Kallberg
Humanitarian cyber operations would allow democratic states to utilise cyber operations as a humanitarian intervention to capture information and create a foundation for decision making for collective international action supported by humanitarian international law. This follows the legal doctrine of responsibility to protect, which relies first on the nation state itself but when the state fails to protect its citizens, then the international community can act ignoring the repressive or failed states national sovereignty. Another support for humanitarian cyber operations is the ability to capture evidence to support future prosecution for crimes against humanity. The weakest link in the chain …
Institutional Maximization And Path Dependency – The Delay Of Implementation Of The Eu Public Sector Information Directive In Sweden, Jan Kallberg, Erik Lakomaa
Institutional Maximization And Path Dependency – The Delay Of Implementation Of The Eu Public Sector Information Directive In Sweden, Jan Kallberg, Erik Lakomaa
Jan Kallberg
The implementation of the EU public sector information (PSI) directive was expected to open up European governmental data sources for commercialization and create, conservatively estimated, a € 32 billion European public information market. Institutional arrangements and governmental path dependency has delayed the directive’s implementation in several countries, most notably Poland and Sweden. In this paper we use the Swedish case to examine how bureaucratic inertia and path dependence can stall the implementation of EU directives that conflicts with the member state’s internal bureaucratic agenda. Sweden usually implements EU directives rapidly and extensively. In the case of the PSI-directive however, the …
Why The Cyber Bill Matters, Jan Kallberg
Why The Cyber Bill Matters, Jan Kallberg
Jan Kallberg
The separation between private sphere and the federal government matters more than we might think. The bill will create a funnel for industries, enterprises, local government, and state agencies to share information with the federal government. The bill separates the federal government and these other entities – by a traditional but validated approach – by the surrender to federal government for protection by bargaining away the “right” to self-protection. It is important because the federal government will maintain its legitimacy and authority over defending the nation – and by doing so we avoid a chaotic cyber environment where everyone is …
Falha Na Defesa Cibernética: As Consequências Ambientais De Ações Hostis, Jan Kallberg, Rosemary Burk
Falha Na Defesa Cibernética: As Consequências Ambientais De Ações Hostis, Jan Kallberg, Rosemary Burk
Jan Kallberg
Falha na Defesa Cibernética: As Consequências Ambientais de Ações Hostis. Jan Kallberg e Rosemary A. Burk; Neste artigo, apresentamos um argumento claro de que a guerra cibernética pode infligir danos contínuos à sociedade visada, além da destruição de uma rede de computadores específica. As consequências ambientais de longo prazo de uma derrota em uma guerra cibernética e de uma falha na defesa cibernética nacional não têm sido devidamente consideradas.
La Defensa Cibernética Fallida: Las Consecuencias Ambientales De Actos Hostiles., Jan Kallberg, Rosemary Burk
La Defensa Cibernética Fallida: Las Consecuencias Ambientales De Actos Hostiles., Jan Kallberg, Rosemary Burk
Jan Kallberg
UNA DEFENSA CIBERNÉTICA fallida puede tener efectos más generales que los tratados anteriormente en debates sobre las futuras consecuencias de un ataque cibernético. La necesidad de una defensa cibernética para proteger el ambiente no ha recibido la debida atención como un asunto de seguridad nacional. Los países adversarios secretamente buscan métodos para perjudicar y dañar a Estados Unidos mediante un conflicto cibernético futuro.
Open Data As A Foundation For Innovation: The Enabling Effect Of Free Public Sector Information For Entrepreneurs, Erik Lakomaa, Jan Kallberg
Open Data As A Foundation For Innovation: The Enabling Effect Of Free Public Sector Information For Entrepreneurs, Erik Lakomaa, Jan Kallberg
Jan Kallberg
Public open data access has a direct impact on future IT entrepreneurs' perception of ability to execute their business plans. Using high quality (50%–98% response rate) survey data from 138 Swedish IT-entrepreneurs, we find that access to public open data is considered very important for many IT-startups; 43% find open data essential for the realization of their business plan and 82% claim that access would support and strengthen the business plan. The survey also indicates a significant interest in, and willingness to pay for, public sector information data from companies that do not intend to commercialize data themselves but intend …
Cyber Defense As Environmental Protection - The Broader Potential Impact Of Failed Defensive Counter Cyber Operations, Jan Kallberg, Rosemary Burk
Cyber Defense As Environmental Protection - The Broader Potential Impact Of Failed Defensive Counter Cyber Operations, Jan Kallberg, Rosemary Burk
Jan Kallberg
Key in the critique of the likelihood of cyber conflict has been the assumption that cyber does not lead to long-term and irrevocable effects – therefore it cannot be fought as a war. This might be true if cyber attacks are constrained to specific functions of a computer system or set of client computers, however, a failed cyberdefense can have wider effects than discussed in earlier debates of potential consequences and risks. The environmental aspect of cyberdefense has not drawn attention as a national security matter. We all, as people, react to threats to our living space and natural environment. …
From Cyber Terrorism To State Actors’ Covert Cyber Operations, Jan Kallberg, Bhavani Thuraisingham
From Cyber Terrorism To State Actors’ Covert Cyber Operations, Jan Kallberg, Bhavani Thuraisingham
Jan Kallberg
Historically, since the Internet started to become a common feature in our lives, hackers have been seen as a major threat. This view has repeatedly been entrenched and distributed by media coverage and commentaries through the years. Instead the first twenty year of the Internet was acceptably secure, due to the limited abilities of the attackers, compared to the threat generated from a militarized Internet with state actors conducting cyber operations. In reality, the Internet have a reversed trajectory for its security where it has become more unsafe over time and moved from a threat to the individual to a …
Nuclear Deterrence In A Second Obama Term, Adam Lowther, Jan Kallberg
Nuclear Deterrence In A Second Obama Term, Adam Lowther, Jan Kallberg
Jan Kallberg
In the months prior to the 2012 presidential election in the United States, members of the Obama administration and sympathetic organizations inside the Beltway began floating the idea that the administration would pursue – after an Obama victory – further reductions in the US nuclear arsenal. With the ink still wet on the New ST ART Treaty, efforts to reduce the American arsenal to 1000 operationally deployed strategic nuclear weapons or, as some suggest, 500, is certainly premature. These efforts illustrate a poor understanding of nuclear deterrence theory and practice and the ramifications of a United States that lacks a …
Offensive Cyber: Superiority Or Stuck In Legal Hurdles?, Jan Kallberg
Offensive Cyber: Superiority Or Stuck In Legal Hurdles?, Jan Kallberg
Jan Kallberg
In recent years, offensive cyber operations have attracted significant interest from the non-Defense Department academic legal community, prompting numerous articles seeking to create a legal theory for cyber conflicts. Naturally, cyber operations should be used in an ethical way, but the hurdles generated by the legal community are staggering. At a time when the United States has already lost an estimated $4 trillion in intellectual property as a result of foreign cyber espionage, not to mention the loss of military advantage, focusing on what the United States cannot do in cyberspace only hinders efforts to defend the country from future …
Europe In A ‘Nato Light’ World - Building Affordable And Credible Defense For The Eu, Jan Kallberg, Adam Lowther
Europe In A ‘Nato Light’ World - Building Affordable And Credible Defense For The Eu, Jan Kallberg, Adam Lowther
Jan Kallberg
From an outsider’s perspective, the Common Security and Defense Policy and the efforts of the European Defense Agency are insufficient to provide Europe with the defense it will require in coming decades. While the European Union—particularly the members of the European Monetary Union—struggle to solve prolonged fiscal challenges, viable European security alternatives to an American-dominated security architecture are conspicuously absent from the documents and discussions that are coming from the European Council and at a time when the United States is engaged in an Asia-Pacific pivot. This is not to say that no thought has been given to defense issues. …
Cyber Operations Bridging From Concept To Cyber Superiority, Jan Kallberg, Bhavani Thuraisingham
Cyber Operations Bridging From Concept To Cyber Superiority, Jan Kallberg, Bhavani Thuraisingham
Jan Kallberg
The United States is preparing for cyber conflicts and ushering in a new era for national security. The concept of cyber operations is rapidly developing, and the time has come to transpose the conceptual heights to a broad ability to fight a strategic cyber conflict and defend the Nation in a cohesive way. Richard M. George, a former National Security Agency official, commented on recent developments: “Other countries are preparing for a cyberwar. If we’re not pushing the envelope in cyber, somebody else will.”1 Therefore, increased budgets are allocated to cyber operations research and education. The Defense Advanced Research Projects …
Diseñando Colisiones De Satélites En La Guerra Cibernética Encubierta, Jan Kallberg
Diseñando Colisiones De Satélites En La Guerra Cibernética Encubierta, Jan Kallberg
Jan Kallberg
La guerra concentrada en la red depende de la red de información global para capacidades de combate conjuntas.3 La capa fundamental crea la capacidad de combate global como la columna vertebral espacial de la red de información donde los haberes espaciales son el elemento decisivo. EE.UU. depende de las capacidades espaciales para su éxito y la seguridad nacional de EE.UU. se basa hoy en día en un número limitado de satélites muy utilizados. Estos satélites son cruciales para la disuasión estratégica, la vigilancia, la recopilación de inteligencia y las comunicaciones militares. Si la disuasión estratégica falla, los satélites forman parte …
The Return Of Dr. Strangelove: How Austerity Makes Us Stop Worrying And Love The Bomb…And Cyber War, Jan Kallberg, Adam Lowther
The Return Of Dr. Strangelove: How Austerity Makes Us Stop Worrying And Love The Bomb…And Cyber War, Jan Kallberg, Adam Lowther
Jan Kallberg
With sequestration looming—generating significant cuts to defense spending—the United States may find itself increasingly relying on nuclear and cyber deterrence as an affordable way to guarantee national sovereignty and prevent major conflict. While earlier defense planning and acquisitions were based on economic conditions that no longer exist, Congress’ options to balance the budget by cutting defense spending are politically palatable because far fewer American are “defense voters” than “social welfare voters,” according to a number of recent public opinion surveys.
Analysis - Toward A New American Military., Adam Lowther, Jan Kallberg
Analysis - Toward A New American Military., Adam Lowther, Jan Kallberg
Jan Kallberg
In releasing the United States Department of Defense’s (DoD) Sustaining U.S. Global Leadership: Priorities for 21st Century Defense and Defense Budget Priorities and Choices in January 2012, President Barack Obama and Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta offered a rationale for the administration’s reductions in defense spending. By stating that the shift in strategic direction is an effort to “put our fiscal house in order” and a response to the 2011 Budget Control Act, which requires DoD to reduce spending by $487 billion between fiscal years 2012 and 2021, the United States’ NATO partners in Europe were given considerable reason for …
The Return Of Dr. Strangelove, Jan Kallberg, Adam Lowther
The Return Of Dr. Strangelove, Jan Kallberg, Adam Lowther
Jan Kallberg
With the prospect of sequestration looming, the United States may find itself increasingly rely ing on nuclear and cy ber deterrence as an affordable means of guaranteeing national sovereignty and preventing major conflict between the U.S. and potential adversaries in the Asia-Pacific. While earlier defense planning and acquisition were based on economic conditions that no longer ex ist, Congress’s options to balance the budget by cutting defense spending are politically palatable because far fewer American are “defense v oters” relative to “social welfare voters,” according to a number of recent public opinion surveys. The simple fact is China’s rise has …
Common Criteria Meets Realpolitik Trust, Alliances, And Potential Betrayal, Jan Kallberg
Common Criteria Meets Realpolitik Trust, Alliances, And Potential Betrayal, Jan Kallberg
Jan Kallberg
Common Criteria for Information Technology Security Evaluation has the ambition to be a global standard for IT-security certification. The issued certifications are mutually recognized between the signatories of the Common Criteria Recognition Arrangement. The key element in any form of mutual relationships is trust. A question raised in this paper is how far trust can be maintained in Common Criteria when additional signatories enter with conflicting geopolitical interests to earlier signatories. Other issues raised are control over production, the lack of permanent organization in the Common Criteria, which leads to concerns of being able to oversee the actual compliance. As …
Towards Cyber Operations The New Role Of Academic Cyber Security Research And Education, Jan Kallberg, Bhavani Thuraisingham
Towards Cyber Operations The New Role Of Academic Cyber Security Research And Education, Jan Kallberg, Bhavani Thuraisingham
Jan Kallberg
Abstract – The shift towards cyber operations represents a shift not only for the defense establishments worldwide but also cyber security research and education. Traditionally cyber security research and education has been founded on information assurance, expressed in underlying subfields such as forensics, network security, and penetration testing. Cyber security research and education is connected to the homeland security agencies and defense through funding, mutual interest in the outcome of the research, and the potential job market for graduates. The future of cyber security is both defensive information assurance measures and active defense driven information operations that jointly and coordinately …
Designer Satellite Collisions From Covert Cyber War, Jan Kallberg
Designer Satellite Collisions From Covert Cyber War, Jan Kallberg
Jan Kallberg
Outer space has enjoyed two decades of fairly peaceful development since the Cold War, but once again it is becoming more competitive and contested, with increased militarization. Therefore, it is important the United States maintain its space superiority to ensure it has the capabilities required by modern warfare for successful operations. Today is different from earlier periods of space development,1 because there is not a blatantly overt arms race in space,2 but instead a covert challenge to US interests in maintaining superiority, resilience, and capability. A finite number of states consider themselves geopolitical actors; however, as long as the United …
Waldo In The Light Of Austerity And Federal Debt Crisis, Part 2, Jan Kallberg
Waldo In The Light Of Austerity And Federal Debt Crisis, Part 2, Jan Kallberg
Jan Kallberg
Waldo’s predictions about the future for public administration describe five areas that would be problematic in the future: legitimacy, authority, knowledge, control, and confidence. Legitimacy includes not only that the government is legally legitimized but capable and focused on an intention to deliver the “good society.” Authority, according to Waldo, is the ability to implement policy with the acceptance of the people based on rationalism, expectations of public good, ethics, superior knowledge, and institutional contexts. Knowledge is institutional knowledge, the ability to arrange and utilize knowledge within the bureaucracy since coordination is the major challenge in knowledge management. Government has …
Waldo In The Light Of Austerity And Federal Debt Crisis, Part 1, Jan Kallberg
Waldo In The Light Of Austerity And Federal Debt Crisis, Part 1, Jan Kallberg
Jan Kallberg
Dwight Waldo wrote The Enterprise of Public Administration in 1979 looking back on a long and fruitful academic career, but also as a reflection about the future for public administration. Can a 30 year old book still be relevant? You bet. Today, the public sector is increasingly facing fiscal challenges. Federal, state, and local governments throughout the country have major budget deficits followed by austerity measures that undermine the ability to deliver the good life of the future. In this day and age rereading Dwight Waldo’s The Enterprise of Public Administration is an intellectual exercise worth pursuing. Several of Dwight …