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Nature, Extent, Causes And Issues In Agricultural Distress, Srijit Mishra
Nature, Extent, Causes And Issues In Agricultural Distress, Srijit Mishra
Srijit Mishra
This paper explains the nature and extent of distress in Indian agriculture by analytically separating the issues therein into two interrelated domains—the agricultural and the agrarian—the former being about production and the latter about distribution; the former about the farm and the latter about the farmer; the former about the inadequacies and inappropriateness of the agricultural developmental programmes, and the latter about the livelihood of the people involved in or dependent upon agrarian activities. In this broader thinking farmers’ suicides and indebtedness become symptoms of a larger malaise. Drawing on our understanding of farmers’ suicides, we show some interrelated demand-side …
Metalurgia Extractiva Y Política Nacional, Fathi Habashi
Metalurgia Extractiva Y Política Nacional, Fathi Habashi
Fathi Habashi
Should a country export its mineral wealth in form of concentrates or should it locally treat its ores to produce metals as final products? In the past centuries pyrometallurgy was the only route to extract metals from ores and this required a large capital investment many countries could not afford to raise. This situation encouraged marketing of concentrates. Today, metallurgists have the option to use the hydrometallurgical route to process ores and concentrates at a reasonable capital investment. This opened the way to the possibility of processing ores locally. When need arises to increase production new units can be added …