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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The History Of The Enigma Machine, Jenna Siobhan Parkinson
The History Of The Enigma Machine, Jenna Siobhan Parkinson
History Publications
The history of the Enigma machine begins with the invention of the rotor-based cipher machine in 1915. Various models for rotor-based cipher machines were developed somewhat simultaneously in different parts of the world. However, the first documented rotor machine was developed by Dutch naval officers in 1915. Nonetheless, the Enigma machine was officially invented following the end of World War I by Arthur Scherbius in 1918 (Faint, 2016).
Expansion Of The Department Of Mathematics At Princeton University And The Founding Of The School Of Mathematics At The Institute For Advanced Study: 1900-1950, Andrew Beman-Cavallaro
Expansion Of The Department Of Mathematics At Princeton University And The Founding Of The School Of Mathematics At The Institute For Advanced Study: 1900-1950, Andrew Beman-Cavallaro
Graduate Review
From 1900 to 1950 Princeton, New Jersey, hosted two of the most prestigious institutions and provided a location for the expansive mathematical investigations taking place just before, during, and immediately after the Second World War. Princeton University and the Institute for Advanced Study housed, fed, and provided workspaces for an array of Mathematicians uncovering new research methodologies (resulting in the defeat of both the Nazi Party and the Empire of Nippon), the foundation for modern experimental Mathematics, and expansions of Theoretical and Applied Physics.
College Of Liberal Arts And Sciences_Mt 101 & Wgs 101_Covid-19 Response, Kevin Roberge
College Of Liberal Arts And Sciences_Mt 101 & Wgs 101_Covid-19 Response, Kevin Roberge
College of Liberal Arts and Sciences
Email from Kevin Roberge, Adjunct Mathematics Faculty, University of Maine to the Provost Office regarding how he had incorporated the COVID-19 pandemic into his courses MAT 101 and WGS 101.
Mat 116 Introduction To Calculus - Course Material, Ayesha Maliwal Bundy
Mat 116 Introduction To Calculus - Course Material, Ayesha Maliwal Bundy
Teaching, Learning & Research Documents
Updated addendum to MAT 116 (Introduction to Calculus) syllabus, updated course timeline (both before and after the storms since many students lost power) and a contingency plan for their course team.
Mat 127 (Calculus Ii) - Course Syllabus, David Bradley
Mat 127 (Calculus Ii) - Course Syllabus, David Bradley
Teaching, Learning & Research Documents
Updated syllabus of MAT 127 (Calculus II) class. The update reflects the change in course format necessitated by the mandated transition to off-campus online instruction.
Mat 426 Real Analysis Ii - Course Syllabus, David Bradley
Mat 426 Real Analysis Ii - Course Syllabus, David Bradley
Teaching, Learning & Research Documents
Updated syllabus of MAT 426 (Introduction to Real Analysis II) class. The update reflects the change in course format necessitated by the mandated transition to off-campus online instruction.
Interview Of Stephen Andrilli, Ph.D., Stephen Francis Andrilli Ph.D., Jane Highley
Interview Of Stephen Andrilli, Ph.D., Stephen Francis Andrilli Ph.D., Jane Highley
All Oral Histories
Stephen Francis Andrilli was born in August 1952 in Bryn Mawr, PA. He was born to Francis and Leatrice Andrilli. Dr. Andrilli is the oldest of four children; his three sisters are Carol (now Carol Strosser), Patricia (now Patricia Kempczynski), and Barbara (now Barbara Parkes). Aside from a few years of living in Gettysburg, Dr. Andrilli has lived in the Philadelphia area for most of his life. He attended St. Jerome School, where he finished 8th grade. He then attended LaSalle College High School, where he graduated in 1969 at age 16. He entered La Salle University (formerly La Salle …
The Efficacy Of Mathematics Education, Eric Geimer
The Efficacy Of Mathematics Education, Eric Geimer
The STEAM Journal
Evidence supports the notion that mathematics education in the United States is inadequate. There is also evidence that mathematics education deficiencies extend internationally. The worldwide mathematics education deficit appears large enough that improving student performance in this educational problem area could yield great economic benefit. To improve the efficacy of mathematics education, education’s root problems must first be understood. Often supposed educational root problems are considered and contrasted against potential deficiencies of mathematics methodologies and curricula that are based on mainstream educational philosophies. The educational philosophies utilized to form early-grade mathematics methodologies and related curricula are judged to be the …
Duncan, Benjamin, 1772-1809 (Sc 678), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives
Duncan, Benjamin, 1772-1809 (Sc 678), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives
MSS Finding Aids
Finding aid only for Manuscripts Small Collection 678. Cipher book kept by Benjamin Duncan, of Culpeper County, Virginia and Fayette County, Kentucky. Includes samples of legal forms and letters.
Brown, James Monroe, 1800-1886 (Sc 806), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives
Brown, James Monroe, 1800-1886 (Sc 806), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives
MSS Finding Aids
Finding aid only for Manuscripts Small Collection 806. Ciphering book, 1822-1827 (40 p.), of James M. Brown, Butler County, Kentucky, which also contains a few pages of account entries and other various notations, (806a). Photocopy of ciphering book is also included. Also letter, 1989, from donor relating family data.
Clark, William B., B. 1797? (Sc 632), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives
Clark, William B., B. 1797? (Sc 632), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives
MSS Finding Aids
Finding aid and one scanned page (Click on "additional files" below) for Manuscripts Small Collection 632. Ciphering book kept by William B. Clark of Christian County, Kentucky, 25 August 1813 to 22 August 1814, and intermittently by others to 1819. Other entries include business accounts of Clark, a blacksmith, and family genealogy. The book was bound
with sheets from the Western Eagle, a newspaper printed in Hopkinsville, Kentucky, and dated 12 February 1813. It was removed and added to the Special Collections Library. A loose item found in the book, 1834-1846, contains accounts of Clark.
Cearnal, Elijah (Sc 588), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives
Cearnal, Elijah (Sc 588), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives
MSS Finding Aids
Finding aid and scan (Click on "additional files" below) for Manuscripts Small Collection 588. A ciphering book kept by Elijah Cearnal as a student. The name "Patrick Carnall" is also written in the book.
Perry, Minerva W. (Martin), 1820-1906 (Sc 592), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives
Perry, Minerva W. (Martin), 1820-1906 (Sc 592), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives
MSS Finding Aids
Finding aid and scan (Click on "additional files" below) for Manuscripts Small Collection 592. Ciphering book kept by Minerva W. (Martin) Perry of Clarksville, Johnson County, Arkansas, with the only date noted being that of 28 June 1830. Other names are written in the book, and
birth and death dates of members of a Martin family are listed.
Motley, Matthew, 1786-1845 (Sc 591), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives
Motley, Matthew, 1786-1845 (Sc 591), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives
MSS Finding Aids
Finding aid and scan (Click on "additional files" below) for Manuscripts Small Collection 591. Ciphering book, 1800-1801, kept by Matthew Motley of Allen County, Kentucky. Business accounts,1807-1811, of John Motley, father of Matthew, and business accounts, 1805-1823, of Matthew, who was a cabinetmaker, are documented in the back of the book; other notations record the hiring out of enslaved persons, medicinal remedies, and a poetic reaction to the New Madrid earthquake, 1811.
Wilkerson, Brice W. (Sc 586), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives
Wilkerson, Brice W. (Sc 586), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives
MSS Finding Aids
Finding aid and scan (Click on "additional files" below) for Manuscripts Small Collection 586. A ciphering book kept by Brice W. Wilkerson, of either Simpson County of Logan County, Kentucky, as a student. The name “Stanley Wilkerson” is also noted in the book.
Halcomb, Warren G. (Sc 587), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives
Halcomb, Warren G. (Sc 587), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives
MSS Finding Aids
Finding aid and scan (Click on "additional files" below) for Manuscripts Small Collection 587. Ciphering book of Warren G. Halcomb’s of Caswell County, North Carolina, which he kept from 11 September 1809 to 15 July 1815. Other entries in the book include a few family names and dates, personal business notes, and a recipe for the cure of rheumatism. Loose items, 1840-1854, found in the book concern the slave trade, 1840 and 1849.
Sutherland, Daniel, 1797-1835 (Sc 589), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives
Sutherland, Daniel, 1797-1835 (Sc 589), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives
MSS Finding Aids
Finding aid and scan (Click on "additional files" below) for Manuscripts Small Collection 589. Ciphering book of Daniel Sutherland, probably of Casey County, Kentucky, dated 31 March 1825 to 2 December 1825. It was also used for the period from 16 July 1828 to 9 October 1828, and indications are that this record was the work of Uriah S. Sutherland.
Hamilton, William D. (Sc 590), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives
Hamilton, William D. (Sc 590), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives
MSS Finding Aids
Finding aid and scan (Click on "additional files" below) for Manuscripts Small Collection 590. Ciphering book, writer unknown, possibly kept during the 1830s. W.D. Hamilton’s name with notes dated in the 1870s appears on several pages of the book and his address is listed as Hamilton, Ohio County, Kentucky.
Smith, Alexander (Sc 596), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives
Smith, Alexander (Sc 596), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives
MSS Finding Aids
Finding aid and scan (Click on "additional files" below) for Manuscripts Small Collection 596. Ciphering book, 1799, made by Alexander Smith, who was a school master in Prince George County, Virginia. Henry Oiler? states that it is his ciphering book, so perhaps he was a student of
Smith’s. A few business accounts of Oiler’s are recorded.
An Investigation Of Air Resistance On Projectile Motion From Aristotle To Euler, Michael Edward Clayton
An Investigation Of Air Resistance On Projectile Motion From Aristotle To Euler, Michael Edward Clayton
Theses Digitization Project
From antiquity until today, mathematicians have tried to develop a theory of projectile motion. The development of a theory of projectile motion began with just a basic observation of motion by the great Greek mathematician Aristotle and has evolved to become more than conjecture or hypothesis, but a well developed science of prediciting the flight and accuracy of a projectile in motion. This thesis traces the development of the theory of projectile motion from Greek antiquity to about the mid 1700's.
King, John (Sc 594), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives
King, John (Sc 594), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives
MSS Finding Aids
Finding aid and full-text (click on "Additional Files" below) for Manuscripts Small Collection 594. Ciphering book of John King including mathematical exercises, numeration of money, simple and compound reduction, weights and measures, and word problems.
Curd, Spencer, 1788-1832 (Sc 966), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives
Curd, Spencer, 1788-1832 (Sc 966), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives
MSS Finding Aids
Finding aid and full text (click on "Additional Files" below) for Manuscripts Small Collection 966. Ciphering book (94 p.), focusing chiefly on surveying and navigating rules for solving problems as well as giving specific problems, of Spencer Curd, Logan County, Kentucky, with accompanying genealogical data.
Biggers, Covella (Houchens), 1921-2022 (Sc 1610), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives
Biggers, Covella (Houchens), 1921-2022 (Sc 1610), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives
MSS Finding Aids
Finding aid only for Manuscripts Small Collection 1610. Three handwritten sermons by Episcopalian clergyman John Wesley Venable, and one early nineteenth-century ciphering book (unbound) executed by Burrell Adams.
Carman, William, 1790-1841 (Mss 52), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives
Carman, William, 1790-1841 (Mss 52), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives
MSS Finding Aids
Ciphering books (2) of William Carman, a teacher in Mayfield, Kentucky. One book is dated 1815-1816; the other one is undated, but evidently of the same period. The ciphering used is the British pound system. The title page of one volume is by Gavin G. Craig of WKU's Penmanship Department.
Blair Family - Ciphering Book (Sc 1659), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives
Blair Family - Ciphering Book (Sc 1659), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives
MSS Finding Aids
Finding aid only for Manuscripts Small Collection 1659. Ciphering book created by Blair family member in Fleming County, Kentucky. Although undated, the book contains several mathematical problems with dates ranging from 1792 to 1796. Fleming County, which is noted in one of the problems, was established in 1798.
History Of The Department Of Mathematical Sciences At The University Of Montana: A Collection Of Interviews, Varoujan Bedros, Daniel F. Finch, Charles Myers, Merry Rampy, Johnny W. Lott (Editor)
History Of The Department Of Mathematical Sciences At The University Of Montana: A Collection Of Interviews, Varoujan Bedros, Daniel F. Finch, Charles Myers, Merry Rampy, Johnny W. Lott (Editor)
History of the Department of Mathematical Sciences at UM: A Collection of Interviews
A collection of transcribed oral history interviews conducted in 1999 with current and recently retired faculty members of the Department of Mathematics.
Newton, Maclaurin, And The Authority Of Mathematics, Judith V. Grabiner
Newton, Maclaurin, And The Authority Of Mathematics, Judith V. Grabiner
Pitzer Faculty Publications and Research
Sir Isaac Newton revolutionized physics and astronomy in his Principia. How did he do it? Would his method work on any area of inquiry, not only in science, but also about society and religion? We look at how some Newtonians, most notably Colin Maclaurin, combined sophisticated mathematical modeling and empirical data in what has come to be called the "Newtonian Style." We argue that this style was responsible not only for Maclaurin’s scientific success but for his ability to solve problems ranging from taxation to insurance to theology. We show how Maclaurin’s work strengthened the prestige of Newtonianism and …
The Centrality Of Mathematics In The History Of Western Thought, Judith V. Grabiner
The Centrality Of Mathematics In The History Of Western Thought, Judith V. Grabiner
Pitzer Faculty Publications and Research
This article explores the interplay of mathematics and philosophy in Western thought as well as applications to other fields.
The Changing Concept Of Change: The Derivative From Fermat To Weierstrass, Judith V. Grabiner
The Changing Concept Of Change: The Derivative From Fermat To Weierstrass, Judith V. Grabiner
Pitzer Faculty Publications and Research
Historically speaking, there were four steps in the development of today's concept of the derivative, which I list here in chronological order. The derivative was first used; it was then discovered; it was then explored and developed; and it was finally defined. That is, examples of what we now recognize as derivatives first were used on an ad hoc basis in solving particular problems; then the general concept lying behind them these uses was identified (as part of the invention of calculus); then many properties of the derivative were explained and developed in applications both to …
Mathematics In America: The First Hundred Years, Judith V. Grabiner
Mathematics In America: The First Hundred Years, Judith V. Grabiner
Pitzer Faculty Publications and Research
There are two main questions I shall discuss in this paper. First, why was American mathematics so weak from 1776 to 1876? Second, and much more important, how did what happened from 1776-1876 produce an American mathematics respectable by international standards by the end of the nineteenth century? We will see that the "weakness" -at least as measured by the paucity of great names- co-existed with the active building both of mathematics education and of a mathematical community which reached maturity in the 1890's.