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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Monocular Depth Estimation For Glass Walls With Context: A New Dataset And Method, Yuan Liang, Bailin Deng, Wenxi Liu, Jing Qin, Shengfeng He Dec 2023

Monocular Depth Estimation For Glass Walls With Context: A New Dataset And Method, Yuan Liang, Bailin Deng, Wenxi Liu, Jing Qin, Shengfeng He

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Traditional monocular depth estimation assumes that all objects are reliably visible in the RGB color domain. However, this is not always the case as more and more buildings are decorated with transparent glass walls. This problem has not been explored due to the difficulties in annotating the depth levels of glass walls, as commercial depth sensors cannot provide correct feedbacks on transparent objects. Furthermore, estimating depths from transparent glass walls requires the aids of surrounding context, which has not been considered in prior works. To cope with this problem, we introduce the first Glass Walls Depth Dataset (GW-Depth dataset). We …


Robust Test Selection For Deep Neural Networks, Weifeng Sun, Meng Yan, Zhongxin Liu, David Lo Dec 2023

Robust Test Selection For Deep Neural Networks, Weifeng Sun, Meng Yan, Zhongxin Liu, David Lo

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have been widely used in various domains, such as computer vision and software engineering. Although many DNNs have been deployed to assist various tasks in the real world, similar to traditional software, they also suffer from defects that may lead to severe outcomes. DNN testing is one of the most widely used methods to ensure the quality of DNNs. Such method needs rich test inputs with oracle information (expected output) to reveal the incorrect behaviors of a DNN model. However, manually labeling all the collected test inputs is a labor-intensive task, which delays the quality assurance …


Complex Knowledge Base Question Answering: A Survey, Yunshi Lan, Gaole He, Jinhao Jiang, Jing Jiang, Zhao Wayne Xin, Ji Rong Wen Nov 2023

Complex Knowledge Base Question Answering: A Survey, Yunshi Lan, Gaole He, Jinhao Jiang, Jing Jiang, Zhao Wayne Xin, Ji Rong Wen

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Knowledge base question answering (KBQA) aims to answer a question over a knowledge base (KB). Early studies mainly focused on answering simple questions over KBs and achieved great success. However, their performances on complex questions are still far from satisfactory. Therefore, in recent years, researchers propose a large number of novel methods, which looked into the challenges of answering complex questions. In this survey, we review recent advances in KBQA with the focus on solving complex questions, which usually contain multiple subjects, express compound relations, or involve numerical operations. In detail, we begin with introducing the complex KBQA task and …


Visually Analyzing Company-Wide Software Service Dependencies: An Industrial Case Study, Sebastian Baltes, Brian Pfitzmann, Thomas Kowark, Christoph Treude, Fabian Beck Oct 2023

Visually Analyzing Company-Wide Software Service Dependencies: An Industrial Case Study, Sebastian Baltes, Brian Pfitzmann, Thomas Kowark, Christoph Treude, Fabian Beck

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Managing dependencies between software services is a crucial task for any company operating cloud applications. Visualizations can help to understand and maintain these com-plex dependencies. In this paper, we present a force-directed service dependency visualization and filtering tool that has been developed and used within SAP. The tool's use cases include guiding service retirement as well as understanding service deployment landscapes and their relationship to the company's organizational structure. We report how we built and adapted the tool under strict time constraints to address the requirements of our users. We further share insights on how we enabled internal adoption. For …


Bare-Bones Based Salp Swarm Algorithm For Text Document Clustering, Mohammed Azmi Al-Betar, Ammar Kamal Abasi, Ghazi Al-Naymat, Kamran Arshad, Sharif Naser Makhadmeh Sep 2023

Bare-Bones Based Salp Swarm Algorithm For Text Document Clustering, Mohammed Azmi Al-Betar, Ammar Kamal Abasi, Ghazi Al-Naymat, Kamran Arshad, Sharif Naser Makhadmeh

Machine Learning Faculty Publications

Text Document Clustering (TDC) is a challenging optimization problem in unsupervised machine learning and text mining. The Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA) has been found to be effective in solving complex optimization problems. However, the SSA’s exploitation phase requires improvement to solve the TDC problem effectively. In this paper, we propose a new approach, known as the Bare-Bones Salp Swarm Algorithm (BBSSA), which leverages Gaussian search equations, inverse hyperbolic cosine control strategies, and greedy selection techniques to create new individuals and guide the population towards solving the TDC problem. We evaluated the performance of the BBSSA on six benchmark datasets from …


Asynchronous Fdrl-Based Low-Latency Computation Offloading For Integrated Terrestrial And Non-Terrestrial Power Iot, Sifeng Li, Sunxuan Zhang, Zhao Wang, Zhenyu Zhou, Xiaoyan Wang, Shahid Mumtaz, Mohsen Guizani, Valerio Frascolla Sep 2023

Asynchronous Fdrl-Based Low-Latency Computation Offloading For Integrated Terrestrial And Non-Terrestrial Power Iot, Sifeng Li, Sunxuan Zhang, Zhao Wang, Zhenyu Zhou, Xiaoyan Wang, Shahid Mumtaz, Mohsen Guizani, Valerio Frascolla

Machine Learning Faculty Publications

Integrated terrestrial and non-terrestrial power internet of things (IPIoT) has emerged as a paradigm shift to three-dimensional vertical communication networks for power systems in the 6G era. Computation offloading plays key roles in enabling real-time data processing and analysis for electric services. However, computation offloading in IPIoT still faces challenges of coupling between task offloading and computation resource allocation, resource heterogeneity and dynamics, and degraded model training caused by electromagnetic interference (EMI). In this article, we propose an asynchronous federated deep reinforcement learning (AFDRL)-based computation offloading framework for IPIoT, where models are uploaded asynchronously for federated averaging to relieve network …


Edge Distraction-Aware Salient Object Detection, Sucheng Ren, Wenxi Liu, Jianbo Jiao, Guoqiang Han, Shengfeng He Sep 2023

Edge Distraction-Aware Salient Object Detection, Sucheng Ren, Wenxi Liu, Jianbo Jiao, Guoqiang Han, Shengfeng He

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Integrating low-level edge features has been proven to be effective in preserving clear boundaries of salient objects. However, the locality of edge features makes it difficult to capture globally salient edges, leading to distraction in the final predictions. To address this problem, we propose to produce distraction-free edge features by incorporating cross-scale holistic interdependencies between high-level features. In particular, we first formulate our edge features extraction process as a boundary-filling problem. In this way, we enforce edge features to focus on closed boundaries instead of those disconnected background edges. Second, we propose to explore cross-scale holistic contextual connections between every …


Tree-Based Unidirectional Neural Networks For Low-Power Computer Vision, Abhinav Goel, Caleb Tung, Nick Eliopoulos, Amy Wang, Jamie C. Davis, George K. Thiruvathukal, Yung-Hisang Lu Jun 2023

Tree-Based Unidirectional Neural Networks For Low-Power Computer Vision, Abhinav Goel, Caleb Tung, Nick Eliopoulos, Amy Wang, Jamie C. Davis, George K. Thiruvathukal, Yung-Hisang Lu

Computer Science: Faculty Publications and Other Works

This article describes the novel Tree-based Unidirectional Neural Network (TRUNK) architecture. This architecture improves computer vision efficiency by using a hierarchy of multiple shallow Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), instead of a single very deep CNN. We demonstrate this architecture’s versatility in performing different computer vision tasks efficiently on embedded devices. Across various computer vision tasks, the TRUNK architecture consumes 65% less energy and requires 50% less memory than representative low-power CNN architectures, e.g., MobileNet v2, when deployed on the NVIDIA Jetson Nano.


Fine-Grained Commit-Level Vulnerability Type Prediction By Cwe Tree Structure, Shengyi Pan, Lingfeng Bao, Xin Xia, David Lo, Shanping Li May 2023

Fine-Grained Commit-Level Vulnerability Type Prediction By Cwe Tree Structure, Shengyi Pan, Lingfeng Bao, Xin Xia, David Lo, Shanping Li

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Identifying security patches via code commits to allow early warnings and timely fixes for Open Source Software (OSS) has received increasing attention. However, the existing detection methods can only identify the presence of a patch (i.e., a binary classification) but fail to pinpoint the vulnerability type. In this work, we take the first step to categorize the security patches into fine-grained vulnerability types. Specifically, we use the Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) as the label and perform fine-grained classification using categories at the third level of the CWE tree. We first formulate the task as a Hierarchical Multi-label Classification (HMC) problem, …


Reinforced Adaptation Network For Partial Domain Adaptation, Keyu Wu, Min Wu, Zhenghua Chen, Ruibing Jin, Wei Cui, Zhiguang Cao, Xiaoli Li May 2023

Reinforced Adaptation Network For Partial Domain Adaptation, Keyu Wu, Min Wu, Zhenghua Chen, Ruibing Jin, Wei Cui, Zhiguang Cao, Xiaoli Li

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Domain adaptation enables generalized learning in new environments by transferring knowledge from label-rich source domains to label-scarce target domains. As a more realistic extension, partial domain adaptation (PDA) relaxes the assumption of fully shared label space, and instead deals with the scenario where the target label space is a subset of the source label space. In this paper, we propose a Reinforced Adaptation Network (RAN) to address the challenging PDA problem. Specifically, a deep reinforcement learning model is proposed to learn source data selection policies. Meanwhile, a domain adaptation model is presented to simultaneously determine rewards and learn domain-invariant feature …


Semantic Orientation Of Crosslingual Sentiments: Employment Of Lexicon And Dictionaries, Arslan Ali Raza, Asad Habib, Jawad Ashraf, Babar Shah, Fernando Moreira Jan 2023

Semantic Orientation Of Crosslingual Sentiments: Employment Of Lexicon And Dictionaries, Arslan Ali Raza, Asad Habib, Jawad Ashraf, Babar Shah, Fernando Moreira

All Works

Sentiment Analysis is a modern discipline at the crossroads of data mining and natural language processing. It is concerned with the computational treatment of public moods shared in the form of text over social networking websites. Social media users express their feelings in conversations through cross-lingual terms, intensifiers, enhancers, reducers, symbols, and Net Lingo. However, the generic Sentiment Analysis (SA) research lacks comprehensive coverage about such abstruseness. In particular, they are inapt in the semantic orientation of Crosslingual based code switching, capitalization and accentuation of opinionative text due to the lack of annotated corpora, computational resources, linguistic processing and inefficient …


Graphsearchnet: Enhancing Gnns Via Capturing Global Dependencies For Semantic Code Search, Shangqing Liu, Xiaofei Xie, Jjingkai Siow, Lei Ma, Guozhu Meng, Yang Liu Jan 2023

Graphsearchnet: Enhancing Gnns Via Capturing Global Dependencies For Semantic Code Search, Shangqing Liu, Xiaofei Xie, Jjingkai Siow, Lei Ma, Guozhu Meng, Yang Liu

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Code search aims to retrieve accurate code snippets based on a natural language query to improve software productivity and quality. With the massive amount of available programs such as (on GitHub or Stack Overflow), identifying and localizing the precise code is critical for the software developers. In addition, Deep learning has recently been widely applied to different code-related scenarios, ., vulnerability detection, source code summarization. However, automated deep code search is still challenging since it requires a high-level semantic mapping between code and natural language queries. Most existing deep learning-based approaches for code search rely on the sequential text ., …


A Secure And Robust Knowledge Transfer Framework Via Stratified-Causality Distribution Adjustment In Intelligent Collaborative Services, Ju Jia, Siqi Ma, Lina Wang, Yang Liu, Robert H. Deng Jan 2023

A Secure And Robust Knowledge Transfer Framework Via Stratified-Causality Distribution Adjustment In Intelligent Collaborative Services, Ju Jia, Siqi Ma, Lina Wang, Yang Liu, Robert H. Deng

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

The rapid development of device-edge-cloud collaborative computing techniques has actively contributed to the popularization and application of intelligent service models. The intensity of knowledge transfer plays a vital role in enhancing the performance of intelligent services. However, the existing knowledge transfer methods are mainly implemented through data fine-tuning and model distillation, which may cause the leakage of data privacy or model copyright in intelligent collaborative systems. To address this issue, we propose a secure and robust knowledge transfer framework through stratified-causality distribution adjustment (SCDA) for device-edge-cloud collaborative services. Specifically, a simple yet effective density-based estimation is first employed to obtain …


Locality-Aware Tail Node Embeddings On Homogeneous And Heterogeneous Networks, Zemin Liu, Yuan Fang, Wentao Zhang, Xinming Zhang, Steven C. H. Hoi Jan 2023

Locality-Aware Tail Node Embeddings On Homogeneous And Heterogeneous Networks, Zemin Liu, Yuan Fang, Wentao Zhang, Xinming Zhang, Steven C. H. Hoi

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

While the state-of-the-art network embedding approaches often learn high-quality embeddings for high-degree nodes with abundant structural connectivity, the quality of the embeddings for low-degree or nodes is often suboptimal due to their limited structural connectivity. While many real-world networks are long-tailed, to date little effort has been devoted to tail node embeddings. In this article, we formulate the goal of learning tail node embeddings as a problem, given the few links on each tail node. In particular, since each node resides in its own local context, we personalize the regression model for each tail node. To reduce overfitting in the …


Disagreement Matters: Exploring Internal Diversification For Redundant Attention In Generic Facial Action Analysis, Xiaotian Li, Zheng Zhang, Xiang Zhang, Taoyue Wang, Zhihua Li, Huiyuan Yang, Umur Ciftci, Qiang Ji, Jeffrey Cohn, Lijun Yin Jan 2023

Disagreement Matters: Exploring Internal Diversification For Redundant Attention In Generic Facial Action Analysis, Xiaotian Li, Zheng Zhang, Xiang Zhang, Taoyue Wang, Zhihua Li, Huiyuan Yang, Umur Ciftci, Qiang Ji, Jeffrey Cohn, Lijun Yin

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of a diversification mechanism for building a more robust multi-attention system in generic facial action analysis. While previous multi-attention (e.g., visual attention and self-attention) research on facial expression recognition (FER) and Action Unit (AU) detection have been thoroughly studied to focus on "external attention diversification", where attention branches localize different facial areas, we delve into the realm of "internal attention diversification" and explore the impact of diverse attention patterns within the same Region of Interest (RoI). Our experiments reveal that variability in attention patterns significantly impacts model performance, indicating that unconstrained multi-attention plagued by redundancy …


Cooperative Deep Q -Learning Framework For Environments Providing Image Feedback, Krishnan Raghavan, Vignesh Narayanan, Sarangapani Jagannathan Jan 2023

Cooperative Deep Q -Learning Framework For Environments Providing Image Feedback, Krishnan Raghavan, Vignesh Narayanan, Sarangapani Jagannathan

Publications

In this article, we address two key challenges in deep reinforcement learning (DRL) setting, sample inefficiency, and slow learning, with a dual-neural network (NN)-driven learning approach. In the proposed approach, we use two deep NNs with independent initialization to robustly approximate the action-value function in the presence of image inputs. In particular, we develop a temporal difference (TD) error-driven learning (EDL) approach, where we introduce a set of linear transformations of the TD error to directly update the parameters of each layer in the deep NN. We demonstrate theoretically that the cost minimized by the EDL regime is an approximation …


Deep Meta Q-Learning Based Multi-Task Offloading In Edge-Cloud Systems, Nelson Sharma, Aswini Ghosh, Rajiv Misra, Sajal K. Das Jan 2023

Deep Meta Q-Learning Based Multi-Task Offloading In Edge-Cloud Systems, Nelson Sharma, Aswini Ghosh, Rajiv Misra, Sajal K. Das

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

Resource-Constrained Edge Devices Can Not Efficiently Handle the Explosive Growth of Mobile Data and the Increasing Computational Demand of Modern-Day User Applications. Task Offloading Allows the Migration of Complex Tasks from User Devices to the Remote Edge-Cloud Servers Thereby Reducing their Computational Burden and Energy Consumption While Also Improving the Efficiency of Task Processing. However, Obtaining the Optimal Offloading Strategy in a Multi-Task Offloading Decision-Making Process is an NP-Hard Problem. Existing Deep Learning Techniques with Slow Learning Rates and Weak Adaptability Are Not Suitable for Dynamic Multi-User Scenarios. in This Article, We Propose a Novel Deep Meta-Reinforcement Learning-Based Approach to …


Overhead Based Cluster Scheduling Of Mixed Criticality Systems On Multicore Platform, Amjad Ali, Asad Masood Khattak, Shahid Iqbal, Omar Alfandi, Bashir Hayat, Muhammad Hameed Siddiqi, Adil Khan Jan 2023

Overhead Based Cluster Scheduling Of Mixed Criticality Systems On Multicore Platform, Amjad Ali, Asad Masood Khattak, Shahid Iqbal, Omar Alfandi, Bashir Hayat, Muhammad Hameed Siddiqi, Adil Khan

All Works

The cluster-based technique is gaining focus for scheduling tasks of mixed-criticality (MC) real-time multicore systems. In this technique, the cores of the MC system are distributed in groups known as clusters. When all cores are distributed in clusters, the tasks are partitioned into clusters, which are scheduled on the cores within each cluster using a global approach. In this study, a cluster-based technique is adopted for scheduling tasks of real-time mixed-criticality systems (MCS). The Decreasing Criticality Decreasing Utilization with the worst-fit (DCDU-WF) technique is used for partitioning of tasks to clusters, whereas a novel mixed-criticality cluster-based boundary fair (MC-Bfair) scheduling …


Continual Reinforcement Learning Formulation For Zero-Sum Game-Based Constrained Optimal Tracking, Behzad Farzanegan, Sarangapani Jagannathan Jan 2023

Continual Reinforcement Learning Formulation For Zero-Sum Game-Based Constrained Optimal Tracking, Behzad Farzanegan, Sarangapani Jagannathan

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This study provides a novel reinforcement learning-based optimal tracking control of partially uncertain nonlinear discrete-time (DT) systems with state constraints using zero-sum game (ZSG) formulation. To address optimal tracking, a novel augmented system consisting of tracking error and its integral value, along with an uncertain desired trajectory, is constructed. A barrier function (BF) with a tradeoff factor is incorporated into the cost function to keep the state trajectories to remain within a compact set and to balance safety with optimality. Next, by using the modified value functional, the ZSG formulation is introduced wherein an actor–critic neural network (NN) framework is …


Optimal Adaptive Tracking Control Of Partially Uncertain Nonlinear Discrete-Time Systems Using Lifelong Hybrid Learning, Behzad Farzanegan, Rohollah Moghadam, Sarangapani Jagannathan, Pappa Natarajan Jan 2023

Optimal Adaptive Tracking Control Of Partially Uncertain Nonlinear Discrete-Time Systems Using Lifelong Hybrid Learning, Behzad Farzanegan, Rohollah Moghadam, Sarangapani Jagannathan, Pappa Natarajan

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This article addresses a multilayer neural network (MNN)-based optimal adaptive tracking of partially uncertain nonlinear discrete-time (DT) systems in affine form. By employing an actor–critic neural network (NN) to approximate the value function and optimal control policy, the critic NN is updated via a novel hybrid learning scheme, where its weights are adjusted once at a sampling instant and also in a finite iterative manner within the instants to enhance the convergence rate. Moreover, to deal with the persistency of excitation (PE) condition, a replay buffer is incorporated into the critic update law through concurrent learning. To address the vanishing …