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- College of Arts and Sciences Faculty Publications (15)
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources Faculty Publications (9)
- College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences Faculty Publications (5)
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Faculty Publications (4)
- Peer-Reviewed Studies (1)
Articles 1 - 30 of 34
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Catastrophic Failure Of Nacre Under Pure Shear Stresses Of Torsion, Saleh Alghamdi, Ting Tan, Christopher Hale-Sills, Floyd Vilmont, Tian Xia, Jie Yang, Dryver Huston, Mandar Dewoolkar
Catastrophic Failure Of Nacre Under Pure Shear Stresses Of Torsion, Saleh Alghamdi, Ting Tan, Christopher Hale-Sills, Floyd Vilmont, Tian Xia, Jie Yang, Dryver Huston, Mandar Dewoolkar
College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences Faculty Publications
Nacre, a composite made from biogenic aragonite and proteins, exhibits excellent strength and toughness. Here, we show that nacreous sections can exhibit complete brittle fracture along the tablet interfaces at the proportional limit under pure shear stresses of torsion. We quantitatively separate the initial tablet sliding primarily resisted by nanoscale aragonite pillars from the following sliding resisted by various microscale toughening mechanisms. We postulate that the ductility of nacre can be limited by eliminating tablet interactions during crack propagations. Our findings should help pursuing further insights of layered materials by using torsion.
Mining Drives Extensive Deforestation In The Brazilian Amazon, Laura J. Sonter, Diego Herrera, Damian J. Barrett, Gillian L. Galford, Chris J. Moran, Britaldo S. Soares-Filho
Mining Drives Extensive Deforestation In The Brazilian Amazon, Laura J. Sonter, Diego Herrera, Damian J. Barrett, Gillian L. Galford, Chris J. Moran, Britaldo S. Soares-Filho
Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources Faculty Publications
Mining poses significant and potentially underestimated risks to tropical forests worldwide. In Brazil's Amazon, mining drives deforestation far beyond operational lease boundaries, yet the full extent of these impacts is unknown and thus neglected in environmental licensing. Here we quantify mining-induced deforestation and investigate the aspects of mining operations, which most likely contribute. We find mining significantly increased Amazon forest loss up to 70 km beyond mining lease boundaries, causing 11,670 km2 of deforestation between 2005 and 2015. This extent represents 9% of all Amazon forest loss during this time and 12 times more deforestation than occurred within mining leases …
Deciphering The Enigma Of Undetected Species, Phylogenetic, And Functional Diversity Based On Good-Turing Theory, Anne Chao, Chun Huo Chiu, Robert K. Colwell, Luiz Fernando S. Magnago, Robin L. Chazdon, Nicholas J. Gotelli
Deciphering The Enigma Of Undetected Species, Phylogenetic, And Functional Diversity Based On Good-Turing Theory, Anne Chao, Chun Huo Chiu, Robert K. Colwell, Luiz Fernando S. Magnago, Robin L. Chazdon, Nicholas J. Gotelli
College of Arts and Sciences Faculty Publications
Estimating the species, phylogenetic, and functional diversity of a community is challenging because rare species are often undetected, even with intensive sampling. The Good-Turing frequency formula, originally developed for cryptography, estimates in an ecological context the true frequencies of rare species in a single assemblage based on an incomplete sample of individuals. Until now, this formula has never been used to estimate undetected species, phylogenetic, and functional diversity. Here, we first generalize the Good-Turing formula to incomplete sampling of two assemblages. The original formula and its two-assemblage generalization provide a novel and unified approach to notation, terminology, and estimation of …
A Comprehensive Framework For The Study Of Species Co-Occurrences, Nestedness And Turnover, Werner Ulrich, Wojciech Kryszewski, Piotr Sewerniak, Radosław Puchałka, Giovanni Strona, Nicholas J. Gotelli
A Comprehensive Framework For The Study Of Species Co-Occurrences, Nestedness And Turnover, Werner Ulrich, Wojciech Kryszewski, Piotr Sewerniak, Radosław Puchałka, Giovanni Strona, Nicholas J. Gotelli
College of Arts and Sciences Faculty Publications
Binary presence–absence matrices (rows = species, columns = sites) are often used to quantify patterns of species co-occurrence, and to infer possible biotic interactions from these patterns. Previous classifications of co-occurrence patterns as nested, segregated, or modular have led to contradictory results and conclusions. These analyses usually do not incorporate the functional traits of the species or the environmental characteristics of the sites, even though the outcomes of species interactions often depend on trait expression and site quality. Here we address this shortcoming by developing a method that incorporates realized functional and environmental niches, and relates them to species co-occurrence …
Isolation By Distance, Not Rivers, Control The Distribution Of Termite Species In The Amazonian Rain Forest, Cristian S. Dambros, José W. Morais, Renato A. Azevedo, Nicholas J. Gotelli
Isolation By Distance, Not Rivers, Control The Distribution Of Termite Species In The Amazonian Rain Forest, Cristian S. Dambros, José W. Morais, Renato A. Azevedo, Nicholas J. Gotelli
College of Arts and Sciences Faculty Publications
The spatial distribution of species is affected by dispersal barriers, local environmental conditions and climate. However, the effect of species dispersal and their adaptation to the environment across geographic scales is poorly understood. To investigate the distribution of species from local to broad geographic scales, we sampled termites in 198 transects distributed in 13 sampling grids in the Brazilian Amazonian forest. The sampling grids encompassed an area of 271 500 km2 and included the five major biogeographic regions delimited by Amazonian rivers. Environmental data for each transect were obtained from local measurements and remote sensing. Similar to previous studies, termite …
Environmental Proteomics Reveals Taxonomic And Functional Changes In An Enriched Aquatic Ecosystem, Amanda C. Northrop, Rachel K. Brooks, Aaron M. Ellison, Nicholas J. Gotelli, Bryan A. Ballif
Environmental Proteomics Reveals Taxonomic And Functional Changes In An Enriched Aquatic Ecosystem, Amanda C. Northrop, Rachel K. Brooks, Aaron M. Ellison, Nicholas J. Gotelli, Bryan A. Ballif
College of Arts and Sciences Faculty Publications
Aquatic ecosystem enrichment can lead to distinct and irreversible changes to undesirable states. Understanding changes in active microbial community function and composition following organic matter loading in enriched ecosystems can help identify biomarkers of such state changes. In a field experiment, we enriched replicate aquatic ecosystems in the pitchers of the northern pitcher plant, Sarracenia purpurea. Shotgun metaproteomics using a custom metagenomic database identified proteins, molecular pathways, and contributing microbial taxa that differentiated control ecosystems from those that were enriched. The number of microbial taxa contributing to protein expression was comparable between treatments; however, taxonomic evenness was higher in controls. …
Studying Human Behavior For Species Conservation, Hilary Byerly, Brendan Fisher
Studying Human Behavior For Species Conservation, Hilary Byerly, Brendan Fisher
Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Identifying The Spatial Pattern And Importance Of Hydro-Geomorphic Drainage Impairments On Unpaved Roads In The Northeastern Usa, Beverley C. Wemple, Gordon E. Clark, Donald S. Ross, Donna M. Rizzo
Identifying The Spatial Pattern And Importance Of Hydro-Geomorphic Drainage Impairments On Unpaved Roads In The Northeastern Usa, Beverley C. Wemple, Gordon E. Clark, Donald S. Ross, Donna M. Rizzo
College of Arts and Sciences Faculty Publications
Roads have been widely studied as sources of runoff and sediment and identified as pollutant production sources to receiving waters. Despite the wealth of research on logging roads in forested, upland settings, little work has been conducted to examine the role of extensive networks of rural, low-volume, unpaved roads on water quality degradation at the catchment scale. We studied a network of municipal unpaved roads in the northeastern US to identify the type and spatial extent of ‘hydro-geomorphic impairments’ to water quality. We mapped erosional and depositional features on roads to develop an estimate of pollutant production. We also mapped …
Ecological Network Metrics: Opportunities For Synthesis, Matthew K. Lau, Stuart R. Borrett, Benjamin Baiser, Nicholas J. Gotelli, Aaron M. Ellison
Ecological Network Metrics: Opportunities For Synthesis, Matthew K. Lau, Stuart R. Borrett, Benjamin Baiser, Nicholas J. Gotelli, Aaron M. Ellison
College of Arts and Sciences Faculty Publications
Network ecology provides a systems basis for approaching ecological questions, such as factors that influence biological diversity, the role of particular species or particular traits in structuring ecosystems, and long-term ecological dynamics (e.g., stability). Whereas the introduction of network theory has enabled ecologists to quantify not only the degree, but also the architecture of ecological complexity, these advances have come at the cost of introducing new challenges, including new theoretical concepts and metrics, and increased data complexity and computational intensity. Synthesizing recent developments in the network ecology literature, we point to several potential solutions to these issues: integrating network metrics …
Mountain Forests And Sustainable Development: The Potential For Achieving The United Nations' 2030 Agenda, Georg Gratzer, William S. Keeton
Mountain Forests And Sustainable Development: The Potential For Achieving The United Nations' 2030 Agenda, Georg Gratzer, William S. Keeton
Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources Faculty Publications
The world is facing numerous and severe environmental, social, and economic challenges. To address these, in September 2015 the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted the resolution Transforming our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The United Nations' 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) and their 169 targets are ambitious, broadly encompassing, and indivisible. They are intended to guide nations and communities toward attaining healthy and peaceful livelihoods free of poverty and hunger. Collectively the goals envision sound and safe environments, where global threats like climate change are successfully combated through both mitigation and adaptation. Agenda 2030 envisages sustainable …
Community-Level Regulation Of Temporal Trends In Biodiversity, Nicholas J. Gotelli, Hideyasu Shimadzu, Maria Dornelas, Brian Mcgill, Faye Moyes, Anne E. Magurran
Community-Level Regulation Of Temporal Trends In Biodiversity, Nicholas J. Gotelli, Hideyasu Shimadzu, Maria Dornelas, Brian Mcgill, Faye Moyes, Anne E. Magurran
College of Arts and Sciences Faculty Publications
Many theoretical models of community dynamics predict that species richness (S) and total abundance (N) are regulated in their temporal fluctuations. We present novel evidence for widespread regulation of biodiversity. For 59 plant and animal assemblages from around the globe monitored annually for a decade or more, the majority exhibited regulated fluctuations compared to the null hypothesis of an unconstrained random walk. However, there was little evidence for statistical artifacts, regulation driven by correlations with average annual temperature, or local-scale compensatory fluctuations in S or N. In the absence of major environmental perturbations, such as urbanization or cropland transformation, species …
Heat Tolerance Predicts The Importance Of Species Interaction Effects As The Climate Changes, Sarah E. Diamond, Lacy Chick, Clint A. Penick, Lauren M. Nichols, Sara Helms Cahan, Robert R. Dunn, Aaron M. Ellison, Nathan J. Sanders, Nicholas J. Gotelli
Heat Tolerance Predicts The Importance Of Species Interaction Effects As The Climate Changes, Sarah E. Diamond, Lacy Chick, Clint A. Penick, Lauren M. Nichols, Sara Helms Cahan, Robert R. Dunn, Aaron M. Ellison, Nathan J. Sanders, Nicholas J. Gotelli
College of Arts and Sciences Faculty Publications
Few studies have quantified the relative importance of direct effects of climate change on communities versus indirect effects that are mediated thorough species interactions, and the limited evidence is conflicting. Trait-based approaches have been popular in studies of climate change, but can they be used to estimate direct versus indirect effects? At the species level, thermal tolerance is a trait that is often used to predict winners and losers under scenarios of climate change. But thermal tolerance might also inform when species interactions are likely to be important because only subsets of species will be able to exploit the available …
Accounting For Photodegradation Dramatically Improves Prediction Of Carbon Losses In Dryland Systems, E. Carol Adair, William J. Parton, Jennifer Y. King, Leslie A. Brandt, Yang Lin
Accounting For Photodegradation Dramatically Improves Prediction Of Carbon Losses In Dryland Systems, E. Carol Adair, William J. Parton, Jennifer Y. King, Leslie A. Brandt, Yang Lin
Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources Faculty Publications
Traditional models of decomposition fail to capture litter mass loss patterns in dryland systems. This shortcoming has stimulated research into alternative drivers of decomposition, including photodegradation. Here, we use aboveground litter decomposition data for dryland (arid) sites from the Long-term Intersite Decomposition Experiment Team data set to test hypotheses (models) about the mechanisms and impacts of photodegradation. Incorporating photodegradation into a traditional biotic decomposition model substantially improved model predictions for mass loss at these dryland sites, especially after four years. The best model accounted for the effects of solar radiation via photodegradation loss from the intermediate cellulosic and lignin pools …
Crowdsourced Delphis: Designing Solutions To Complex Environmental Problems With Broad Stakeholder Participation, Sarah Coleman, Stephanie Hurley, Christopher Koliba, Asim Zia
Crowdsourced Delphis: Designing Solutions To Complex Environmental Problems With Broad Stakeholder Participation, Sarah Coleman, Stephanie Hurley, Christopher Koliba, Asim Zia
College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Faculty Publications
There is a well-established need for increased stakeholder participation in the generation of adaptive management approaches and specific solutions to complex environmental problems. However, integrating participant feedback into current science, research, and decision-making processes is challenging. This paper presents a novel approach that marries a rigorous Delphi method, borrowed from policy and organizational sciences, with contemporary “crowdsourcing” to address the complex problems of water pollution exacerbated by climate change in the Lake Champlain Basin. In an online Delphi forum that occurred over a six-week period during the Spring of 2014, fifty-three participants proposed and commented on adaptive solutions to address …
Addressing Climate Change Impacts On Agriculture And Natural Resources: Barriers And Priorities For Land-Grant Universities In The Northeastern United States, Daniel Tobin, Rama Radhakrishna, Allison Chatrchyan, Shorna B. Allred
Addressing Climate Change Impacts On Agriculture And Natural Resources: Barriers And Priorities For Land-Grant Universities In The Northeastern United States, Daniel Tobin, Rama Radhakrishna, Allison Chatrchyan, Shorna B. Allred
College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Faculty Publications
Climate change has serious implications for agricultural production, natural resource management, and food security. In the United States, land-grant universities and the U.S. Cooperative Extension System have a critical role to play in conducting basic and applied research related to climate change and translating findings into meaningful programming. However, land-grant universities and Extension have had difficulty maintaining their roles as the preeminent source of trusted information on complex topics like climate change. To help guide research and programming agendas of land-grant universities, the authors explored the barriers and priorities that researchers and Extension personnel at 16 northeastern land-grant universities perceive …
Evaluation Of A Proposal For Reliable Low-Cost Grid Power With 100% Wind, Water, And Solar, Christopher T.M. Clack, Staffan A. Qvist, Jay Apt, Morgan Bazilian, Adam R. Brandt, Ken Caldeira, Steven J. Davis, Victor Diakov, Mark A. Handschy, Paul D.H. Hines, Paulina Jaramillo, Daniel M. Kammen, Jane C.S. Long, M. Granger Morgan, Adam Reed, Varun Sivaram, James Sweeney, George R. Tynan, David G. Victor, John P. Weyant, Jay F. Whitacre
Evaluation Of A Proposal For Reliable Low-Cost Grid Power With 100% Wind, Water, And Solar, Christopher T.M. Clack, Staffan A. Qvist, Jay Apt, Morgan Bazilian, Adam R. Brandt, Ken Caldeira, Steven J. Davis, Victor Diakov, Mark A. Handschy, Paul D.H. Hines, Paulina Jaramillo, Daniel M. Kammen, Jane C.S. Long, M. Granger Morgan, Adam Reed, Varun Sivaram, James Sweeney, George R. Tynan, David G. Victor, John P. Weyant, Jay F. Whitacre
College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences Faculty Publications
A number of analyses, meta-Analyses, and assessments, including those performed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, and the International Energy Agency, have concluded that deployment of a diverse portfolio of clean energy technologies makes a transition to a low-carbon-emission energy system both more feasible and less costly than other pathways. In contrast, Jacobson et al. [Jacobson MZ, Delucchi MA, Cameron MA, Frew BA (2015) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 112(49):15060-15065] argue that it is feasible to provide "low-cost solutions to the grid reliability problem with 100% penetration of …
Total And Extreme Precipitation Changes Over The Northeastern United States, Huanping Huang, Jonathan M. Winter, Erich C. Osterberg, Radley M. Horton, Brian Beckage
Total And Extreme Precipitation Changes Over The Northeastern United States, Huanping Huang, Jonathan M. Winter, Erich C. Osterberg, Radley M. Horton, Brian Beckage
College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Faculty Publications
The northeastern United States has experienced a large increase in precipitation over recent decades. Annual and seasonal changes of total and extreme precipitation from station observations in the Northeast were assessed over multiple time periods spanning 1901-2014. Spatially averaged, both annual total and extreme precipitation across the Northeast increased significantly since 1901, with changepoints occurring in 2002 and 1996, respectively. Annual extreme precipitation experienced a larger increase than total precipitation; extreme precipitation from 1996 to 2014 is 53% higher than from 1901 to 1995. Spatially, coastal areas receive more total and extreme precipitation on average, but increases across the changepoints …
Characterizing Landscape-Scale Erosion Using 10be In Detrital Fluvial Sediment: Slope-Based Sampling Strategy Detects The Effect Of Widespread Dams, Lucas J. Reusser, Paul R. Bierman, Donna M. Rizzo, Eric W. Portenga, Dylan H. Rood
Characterizing Landscape-Scale Erosion Using 10be In Detrital Fluvial Sediment: Slope-Based Sampling Strategy Detects The Effect Of Widespread Dams, Lucas J. Reusser, Paul R. Bierman, Donna M. Rizzo, Eric W. Portenga, Dylan H. Rood
College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences Faculty Publications
Concentrations of in situ 10Be measured in detrital fluvial sediment are frequently used to estimate long-term erosion rates of drainage basins. In many regions, basin-averaged erosion rates are positively correlated with basin average slope. The slope dependence of erosion allows model-based erosion rate estimation for unsampled basins and basins where human disturbance may have biased cosmogenic nuclide concentrations in sediment. Using samples collected from southeastern North America, we demonstrate an approach that explicitly considers the relationship between average basin slope and erosion rate. Because dams and reservoirs are ubiquitous on larger channels in the field area, we selected 36 undammed …
Tropical River Suspended Sediment And Solute Dynamics In Storms During An Extreme Drought, Kathryn E. Clark, James B. Shanley, Martha A. Scholl, Nicolas Perdrial, Julia N. Perdrial, Alain F. Plante, William H. Mcdowell
Tropical River Suspended Sediment And Solute Dynamics In Storms During An Extreme Drought, Kathryn E. Clark, James B. Shanley, Martha A. Scholl, Nicolas Perdrial, Julia N. Perdrial, Alain F. Plante, William H. Mcdowell
College of Arts and Sciences Faculty Publications
Droughts, which can strongly affect both hydrologic and biogeochemical systems, are projected to become more prevalent in the tropics in the future. We assessed the effects of an extreme drought during 2015 on stream water composition in the Luquillo Mountains of Puerto Rico. We demonstrated that drought base flow in the months leading up to the study was sourced from trade-wind orographic rainfall, suggesting a resistance to the effects of an otherwise extreme drought. In two catchments (Mameyes and Icacos), we sampled a series of four rewetting events that partially alleviated the drought. We collected and analyzed dissolved constituents (major …
Geochemical Evolution Of The Critical Zone Across Variable Time Scales Informs Concentration-Discharge Relationships: Jemez River Basin Critical Zone Observatory, Jennifer C. Mcintosh, Courtney Schaumberg, Julia Perdrial, Adrian Harpold, Angélica Vázquez-Ortega, Craig Rasmussen, David Vinson, Xavier Zapata-Rios, Paul D. Brooks, Thomas Meixner, Jon Pelletier, Louis Derry, Jon Chorover
Geochemical Evolution Of The Critical Zone Across Variable Time Scales Informs Concentration-Discharge Relationships: Jemez River Basin Critical Zone Observatory, Jennifer C. Mcintosh, Courtney Schaumberg, Julia Perdrial, Adrian Harpold, Angélica Vázquez-Ortega, Craig Rasmussen, David Vinson, Xavier Zapata-Rios, Paul D. Brooks, Thomas Meixner, Jon Pelletier, Louis Derry, Jon Chorover
College of Arts and Sciences Faculty Publications
This study investigates the influence of water, carbon, and energy fluxes on solute production and transport through the Jemez Critical Zone (CZ) and impacts on C-Q relationships over variable spatial and temporal scales. Chemical depletion-enrichment profiles of soils, combined with regolith thickness and groundwater data indicate the importance to stream hydrochemistry of incongruent dissolution of silicate minerals during deep bedrock weathering, which is primarily limited by water fluxes, in this highly fractured, young volcanic terrain. Under high flow conditions (e.g., spring snowmelt), wetting of soil and regolith surfaces and presence of organic acids promote mineral dissolution and provide a constant …
Enhanced Carbon Storage Through Management For Old-Growth Characteristics In Northern Hardwood-Conifer Forests, Sarah E. Ford, William S. Keeton
Enhanced Carbon Storage Through Management For Old-Growth Characteristics In Northern Hardwood-Conifer Forests, Sarah E. Ford, William S. Keeton
Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources Faculty Publications
Forest management practices emphasizing stand structural complexity are of interest across the northern forest region of the United States because of their potential to enhance carbon storage. Our research is part of a long-Term study evaluating silvicultural treatments that promote late-successional forest characteristics in northern hardwood-conifer forests. We are testing the hypothesis that aboveground biomass development (carbon storage) is greater in structural complexity enhancement (SCE) treatments when compared to conventional uneven-Aged treatments. Structural complexity enhancement treatments were compared against selection systems (single-Tree and group) modified to retain elevated structure. Manipulations and controls were replicated across 2-ha treatment units at two …
Reducing Cascading Failure Risk By Increasing Infrastructure Network Interdependence, Mert Korkali, Jason G. Veneman, Brian F. Tivnan, James P. Bagrow, Paul D.H. Hines
Reducing Cascading Failure Risk By Increasing Infrastructure Network Interdependence, Mert Korkali, Jason G. Veneman, Brian F. Tivnan, James P. Bagrow, Paul D.H. Hines
College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences Faculty Publications
Increased interconnection between critical infrastructure networks, such as electric power and communications systems, has important implications for infrastructure reliability and security. Others have shown that increased coupling between networks that are vulnerable to internetwork cascading failures can increase vulnerability. However, the mechanisms of cascading in these models differ from those in real systems and such models disregard new functions enabled by coupling, such as intelligent control during a cascade. This paper compares the robustness of simple topological network models to models that more accurately reflect the dynamics of cascading in a particular case of coupled infrastructures. First, we compare a …
Transitions In Climate And Energy Discourse Between Hurricanes Katrina And Sandy, Emily M. Cody, Jennie C. Stephens, James P. Bagrow, Peter Sheridan Dodds, Christopher M. Danforth
Transitions In Climate And Energy Discourse Between Hurricanes Katrina And Sandy, Emily M. Cody, Jennie C. Stephens, James P. Bagrow, Peter Sheridan Dodds, Christopher M. Danforth
College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences Faculty Publications
Although climate change and energy are intricately linked, their explicit connection is not always prominent in public discourse and the media. Disruptive extreme weather events, including hurricanes, focus public attention in new and different ways offering a unique window of opportunity to analyze how a focusing event influences public discourse. Media coverage of extreme weather events simultaneously shapes and reflects public discourse on climate issues. Here, we analyze climate and energy newspaper coverage of Hurricanes Katrina (2005) and Sandy (2012) using topic models, mathematical techniques used to discover abstract topics within a set of documents. Our results demonstrate that post-Katrina …
Modeling Sediment Mobilization Using A Distributed Hydrological Model Coupled With A Bank Stability Model, J. Stryker, B. Wemple, A. Bomblies
Modeling Sediment Mobilization Using A Distributed Hydrological Model Coupled With A Bank Stability Model, J. Stryker, B. Wemple, A. Bomblies
College of Arts and Sciences Faculty Publications
In addition to surface erosion, stream bank erosion and failure contributes significant sediment and sediment-bound nutrients to receiving waters during high flow events. However, distributed and mechanistic simulation of stream bank sediment contribution to sediment loads in a watershed has not been achieved. Here we present a full coupling of existing distributed watershed and bank stability models and apply the resulting model to the Mad River in central Vermont. We fully coupled the Bank Stability and Toe Erosion Model (BSTEM) with the Distributed Hydrology Soil Vegetation Model (DHSVM) to allow the simulation of stream bank erosion and potential failure in …
A Global Database Of Ant Species Abundances, Heloise Gibb, Rob R. Dunn, Nathan J. Sanders, Blair F. Grossman, Manoli Photakis, Silvia Abril, Donat Agosti, Alan N. Andersen, Elena Angulo, Inge Armbrecht, Xavier Arnan, Fabricio B. Baccaro, Tom R. Bishop, Raphaël Boulay, Carsten Brühl, Cristina Castracani, Xim Cerda, Israel Del Toro, Thibaut Delsinne, Mireia Diaz, David A. Donoso, Aaron M. Ellison, Martha L. Enriquez, Tom M. Fayle, Donald H. Feener, Brian L. Fisher, Robert N. Fisher, Matthew C. Fitzpatrick, Crisanto Gómez, Nicholas J. Gotelli, Aaron Gove
A Global Database Of Ant Species Abundances, Heloise Gibb, Rob R. Dunn, Nathan J. Sanders, Blair F. Grossman, Manoli Photakis, Silvia Abril, Donat Agosti, Alan N. Andersen, Elena Angulo, Inge Armbrecht, Xavier Arnan, Fabricio B. Baccaro, Tom R. Bishop, Raphaël Boulay, Carsten Brühl, Cristina Castracani, Xim Cerda, Israel Del Toro, Thibaut Delsinne, Mireia Diaz, David A. Donoso, Aaron M. Ellison, Martha L. Enriquez, Tom M. Fayle, Donald H. Feener, Brian L. Fisher, Robert N. Fisher, Matthew C. Fitzpatrick, Crisanto Gómez, Nicholas J. Gotelli, Aaron Gove
College of Arts and Sciences Faculty Publications
What forces structure ecological assemblages? A key limitation to general insights about assemblage structure is the availability of data that are collected at a small spatial grain (local assemblages) and a large spatial extent (global coverage). Here, we present published and unpublished data from 51, 388 ant abundance and occurrence records of more than 2,693 species and 7,953 morphospecies from local assemblages collected at 4,212 locations around the world. Ants were selected because they are diverse and abundant globally, comprise a large fraction of animal biomass in most terrestrial communities, and are key contributors to a range of ecosystem functions. …
Cosmogenic 26Al/10Be Surface Production Ratio In Greenland, Lee B. Corbett, Paul R. Bierman, Dylan H. Rood, Marc W. Caffee, Nathaniel A. Lifton, Thomas E. Woodruff
Cosmogenic 26Al/10Be Surface Production Ratio In Greenland, Lee B. Corbett, Paul R. Bierman, Dylan H. Rood, Marc W. Caffee, Nathaniel A. Lifton, Thomas E. Woodruff
College of Arts and Sciences Faculty Publications
The assumed value for the cosmogenic 26Al/10Be surface production rate ratio in quartz is an important parameter for studies investigating the burial or subaerial erosion of long-lived surfaces and sediments. Recent models and data suggest that the production ratio is spatially variable and may be greater than originally thought. Here we present measured 26Al/10Be ratios for 24 continuously exposed bedrock and boulder surfaces spanning ~61–77°N in Greenland. Empirical measurements, such as ours, include nuclides produced predominately by neutron-induced spallation with percent-level contributions by muon interactions. The slope of a York regression line fit to our data is 7.3 ± 0.3 …
Estimates Of Local Biodiversity Change Over Time Stand Up To Scrutiny, Mark Vellend, Maria Dornelas, Lander Baeten, Robin Beauséjour, Carissa D. Brown, Pieter De Frenne, Sarah C. Elmendorf, Nicholas J. Gotelli, Faye Moyes, Isla H. Myers-Smith, Anne E. Magurran, Brian J. Mcgill, Hideyasu Shimadzu, Caya Sievers
Estimates Of Local Biodiversity Change Over Time Stand Up To Scrutiny, Mark Vellend, Maria Dornelas, Lander Baeten, Robin Beauséjour, Carissa D. Brown, Pieter De Frenne, Sarah C. Elmendorf, Nicholas J. Gotelli, Faye Moyes, Isla H. Myers-Smith, Anne E. Magurran, Brian J. Mcgill, Hideyasu Shimadzu, Caya Sievers
College of Arts and Sciences Faculty Publications
We present new data and analyses revealing fundamental flaws in a critique of two recent meta-analyses of local-scale temporal biodiversity change. First, the conclusion that short-term time series lead to biased estimates of long-term change was based on two errors in the simulations used to support it. Second, the conclusion of negative relationships between temporal biodiversity change and study duration was entirely dependent on unrealistic model assumptions, the use of a subset of data, and inclusion of one outlier data point in one study. Third, the finding of a decline in local biodiversity, after eliminating post-disturbance studies, is not robust …
Regeneration Responses To Management For Old-Growth Characteristics In Northern Hardwood-Conifer Forests, Aviva J. Gottesman, William S. Keeton
Regeneration Responses To Management For Old-Growth Characteristics In Northern Hardwood-Conifer Forests, Aviva J. Gottesman, William S. Keeton
Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources Faculty Publications
Successful tree regeneration is essential for sustainable forest management, yet it can be limited by the interaction of harvesting effects and multiple ecological drivers. In northern hardwood forests, for example, there is uncertainty whether low-intensity selection harvesting techniques will result in adequate and desirable regeneration. Our research is part of a long-term study that tests the hypothesis that a silvicultural approach called "structural complexity enhancement" (SCE) can accelerate the development of late-successional forest structure and functions. Our objective is to understand the regeneration dynamics following three uneven-aged forestry treatments with high levels of retention: single-tree selection, group selection, and SCE. …
Competitive Interactions Change The Pattern Of Species Co-Occurrences Under Neutral Dispersal, Werner Ulrich, Franck Jabot, Nicolas J. Gotelli
Competitive Interactions Change The Pattern Of Species Co-Occurrences Under Neutral Dispersal, Werner Ulrich, Franck Jabot, Nicolas J. Gotelli
College of Arts and Sciences Faculty Publications
Non-random patterns of species segregation and aggregation within ecological communities are often interpreted as evidence for interspecific interactions. However, it is unclear whether theoretical models can predict such patterns and how environmental factors may modify the effects of species interactions on species co-occurrence. Here we extend a spatially explicit neutral model by including competitive effects on birth and death probabilities to assess whether competition alone is able to produce non-random patterns of species co-occurrence. We show that transitive and intransitive competitive hierarchies alone (in the absence of environmental heterogeneity) are indeed able to generate non-random patterns with commonly used metrics …
Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions In Agriculture Without Compromising Food Security?, Stefan Frank, Petr Havlík, Jean François Soussana, Antoine Levesque, Hugo Valin, Eva Wollenberg, Ulrich Kleinwechter, Oliver Fricko, Mykola Gusti, Mario Herrero, Pete Smith, Tomoko Hasegawa, Florian Kraxner, Michael Obersteiner
Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions In Agriculture Without Compromising Food Security?, Stefan Frank, Petr Havlík, Jean François Soussana, Antoine Levesque, Hugo Valin, Eva Wollenberg, Ulrich Kleinwechter, Oliver Fricko, Mykola Gusti, Mario Herrero, Pete Smith, Tomoko Hasegawa, Florian Kraxner, Michael Obersteiner
Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources Faculty Publications
To keep global warming possibly below 1.5◦C and mitigate adverse effects of climate change, agriculture, like all other sectors, will have to contribute to efforts in achieving net negative emissions by the end of the century. Cost-efficient distribution of mitigation across regions and economic sectors is typically calculated using a global uniform carbon price in climate stabilization scenarios. However, in reality such a carbon price would substantially affect food availability. Here, we assess the implications of climate change mitigation in the land use sector for agricultural production and food security using an integrated partial equilibrium modelling framework and explore ways …