Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Using Foraminifera In Stemseas Site 1 To Understand The Recent Paleoceanographic And Paleoclimatic History Of Tanner Basin, California Borderland, Michael Stanley Stone

Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019

In May of 2016, the STEMSEAS Educational Transit cruise OC1605-tranA collected the STEMSEAS Site 1 core from the Tanner Basin in the California Borderland. This research serves as the first formal survey of the foraminifera preserved within that core. The purpose of this research is to use foraminifera preserved within that core to understand the recent depositional and paleoenvironmental conditions at Site 1, and to place that information into a regional paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic context. In pursuing this purpose, this research aims to answer three questions: 1) Can biostratigraphic markers in the foraminiferal assemblages in STEMSEAS Site 1 core be …

High Consequence Scenarios For North Korean Atmospheric Nuclear Tests With Policy Recommendations For The U.S. Government, Thomas S. Popik, Jordan T. Kearns, George H. Baker Iii, Henry F. Cooper, William R. Harris

Department of Integrated Science and Technology - Faculty Scholarship

The government of North Korea has declared high-altitude EMP-capability to be a “strategic goal” and has also threatened an atmospheric test of a hydrogen bomb. Atmospheric nuclear tests have the potential to cripple satellites and the undersea cable networks critical to communication, and navigation necessary for trans-Pacific trade among the U.S., China, and other nations. When a nuclear warhead is detonated at high altitude, a series of electromagnetic pulses radiate downward within the line of sight of the blast. These pulses can disable equipment with miniature electronics and long conductors. Electric grid controls and transmission systems are especially vulnerable. Intense …

Library Guides: An Aggregation Of User Research From 1998 To 2017, David Vess

Libraries

A truly comprehensive search tool for resources provided by libraries will continue to be a distant dream until daunting technical challenges are addressed. A Google-like search experience is desirable in some contexts, but a case can be made that hiding subject-specific article databases behind a comprehensive search tool is a disservice to researchers.

Librarians have a long history of addressing the complex landscape of the various resources they offer by crafting guides to library collections. These guides provide direct links to resources while educating inexperienced researchers about discipline-specific databases. Unfortunately, this solution creates more complexities in the research resource landscape. …

Selecting Link Resolver And Knowledge Base Software: Implications Of Interoperability, Cyndy Chisare, Jody C. Fagan, David J. Gaines, Michael Trocchia

Libraries

Link resolver software and their associated knowledge bases are essential technologies for modern academic libraries. However, because of the increasing number of possible integrations involving link resolver software and knowledge bases, a library’s vendor relationships, product choices, and consortial arrangements may have the most dramatic effects on the user experience and back-end maintenance workloads. A project team at a large comprehensive university recently investigated link resolver products in an attempt to increase efficiency of back-end workflows while maintaining or improving the patron experience. The methodology used for product comparison may be useful for other libraries.

Testimony Of Dr. George H. Baker, Senior Advisor To The Congressional Emp Commission, George H. Baker Iii

Department of Integrated Science and Technology - Faculty Scholarship

This is the script of testimony before the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. It offers a vision for a future in which our electric power systems will be able to operate through or quickly recover from catastrophic failure due to electromagnetic pulse (EMP), cyber, and physical attacks. The scope of the term ‘EMP’ used in this testimony includes both naturally occurring solar storms and the more energetic man-made EMP hazards. The vision has been discussed with members of the electric power industry, and prominent EMP/cyber/physical protection advocates who find it to be supportable and actionable. The nature of EMP, cyber, and …

A Comparison Of Riparian Characteristics And Resulting Water Quality In Restored Agricultural Systems, Amanda Y. Crandall

Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019

Agronomic land use and urbanization are the leading causes of water quality decline within streams of the Shenandoah Valley. Implementation of riparian buffer zones is a common, beneficial approach to initiate restoration of negatively affected waterways. In the Commonwealth of Virginia, the Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP) assists landowners in repairing natural habitat through the provision of cattle fencing and reintroduction of hardwood trees, native warm season grasses, and shrubs. We analyzed seven CREP restored sites of varying time since restoration (5-15 years) to determine the effects of time, land use, and riparian zone characteristics on water quality. The Virginia …

Enhancing The Learning Experience- Use Of Video Game Technology For Teaching Japanese Language, Craig A. Decampli

Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019

The Japanese language is challenging to learn, especially for native speakers of Indo- European languages. The three components of written Japanese -- Hiragana, Katakana, and Kanji – include 2,136 Kanji characters, and 46 each for Katakana and Hiragana. Teaching Japanese – generally through repetition – can lead to student boredom and affect success. Research shows that video games can at least provide a more enjoyable learning experience. Despite this fact, there are a lack of video games for teaching Japanese characters. Using the Unity game engine and the C# programming language, a video game for enhancing the learning of students …

Analysis Of Structural Stability Of Human Prosecretory Mitogenic Lacritin By Circular Dichroism, Anna P. Desmarais, Casey Q. Ramirez Cortes

Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019

Purpose: Lacritin is a human tear glycoprotein that has high thermal stability. When cleaved, lacritin has antimicrobial activity resulting from the C-terminus amphipathic alpha helical region. The alpha helices contain three salt bridges; ionic bonds between neighboring oppositely charged amino acids. The purpose of this research was to investigate the hypothesis that the salt bridges within the alpha helices contribute to the high thermal stability.

Methods: To determine the role of salt bridges in the thermal stability of lacritin, point mutants were prepared for each salt bridge by site directed mutagenesis that replaced the oppositely charged amino acids with serine. …

Increasing Public Skepticism In The Face Of Imminent Dangers From Climate Change: A Call For Science To Repair Rifts Between Society And Academia, Matthew W. Morrissey, Joshua Schmidt

Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019

This project is a composition of a literature review, our learning process, and an attached experimental project. The project as a whole sought to understood how and why policies/corporations resist environmentally sustainable practices/laws and makes suggestions for how to convince people to change their behaviors and utilize their power as consumers. Overall, our goal was to investigate and understand the relationship between science and the public by composing a literature review of environmental science, sociology, and psychology papers, and then compose a presentation that would communicate the threat of climate change. The interdisciplinary nature of climate change made this research …

An Affordable Vr Environment, Matthew R. Petty

Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019

Virtual Reality is a powerful technology with the ability to affect our senses in powerful ways. Traditionally used for entertainment, we argue that it can be used for educational purposes as well. In order to get virtual reality into the classroom, we must address its cost and portability, as well as improve the interaction that users experience with the virtual environment. Our solution, a Unity program installed on an iPhone and a Mac, attempts to solve these issues. A technical demo was created that functions and can be interfaced with. While this solution is a proof of concept, its consequences …

Feasibility Study: Tangier Island Wind Turbine Deployment, Patrick Landess

Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019

The 2014 Virginia Energy Plan set the goal of 25% of the energy produced in the state to be derived from renewable resources by 2025. Wind energy is one of the most prominent renewable resources in the state, with a potential wind capacity of approximately 1800 MW. The Virginia Department of Mines Minerals and Energy (DMME) looks to incentivize both small-scale and commercial renewable energy projects. As a result of this policy initiative and the competitiveness of renewable energy, the Center for Wind Energy (CWE) at James Madison University established the Distributed Wind Assistance Program (DWAP).

This honors project serves …

Characterizing Subsurface Void Spaces And Water Distribution And Flow Patterns In Cave Hill Karst Using Resistivity, Jacob A. Gochenour

Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019

Describing the distribution of groundwater is essential in understanding the evolution of geomorphologic features in karst topography. Electrical resistivity allows us to find a model of subsurface distribution of resistivity that enables the visual recognition of groundwater and void spaces. The purpose of this research is to implement electrical resistivity to describe the spatial relationship of groundwater and karstic features at Grand Caverns National Natural Landmark, Grottoes, Virginia. Two locations of interest, a karstic swale and sinkhole area, were identified for the deployment of electrical resistivity. Both, dipole-dipole and Schlumberger arrays were collected for each deployment. A total of ten …

Mid-Ir Properties Of H2o Megamaser Disks, Catherine Witherspoon

Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019

Astrophysical masers are natural microwave amplifiers by stimulated emission and when detected in galaxy centers, they are extremely luminous (i.e. millions of times more luminous than those associated with typical star-forming regions in the spiral arms of our own Milky Way). A fraction of water megamasers detected in 22 GHz emission in galactic nuclear regions are in a disk-like configuration, which makes them extremely valuable for providing direct geometrical distances to galaxies and the most precise and accurate masses of supermassive black holes. Nevertheless, these systems are extremely rare. While the exact mechanism of water maser emission production is not …

Real Time Monitoring Of Photocatalysis: An Application And Expansion Of The Quartz Crystal Microbalance, Perrin Godbold

Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019

There are many applications of photocatalytic chemistry, with hundreds of researchers investigating photocatalytic materials. Another method of investigation could aid these researchers and contribute significantly to this field. This study attempts to develop a new method of analysis by expanding the capabilities of the Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) into the realm of photocatalysis. We coated QCM crystals with the stable and well-known photocatalyst, titanium dioxide, and utilized these coated crystals to begin to develop an analysis procedure for our modified instrument. Some indication of the QCM’s sensitivity was seen, but the UV irradiation elicited a frequency change independent of the …

Software Development For Home Energy Audits: Reducing Energy Consumption In Harrisonburg Through Technology, Brantley E. Gilbert

Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019

Fossil fuels play a vital role in our daily lives. Oil, natural gas, and coal powers our cars, heats our homes and water, and are used by power companies to generate the massive amounts of electricity used every day by the United States. However, this reliance on a finite source of energy is not sustainable. Fossil fuels such as these are non-renewable resources whose production will eventually be unable to keep up with the rate of consumption. Furthermore, the extraction of the stored energy in these fuels through combustion releases harmful substances into the environment, including toxins and greenhouse gases …

Tropical Algebra, Graph Theory, & Foreign Exchange Arbitrage, Bradley A. Mason

Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019

We answer the question, given n currencies and k trades, how can a maximal arbitrage opportunity be found and what is its value? To answer this question, we use techniques from graph theory and employ a max-plus algebra (commonly known as tropical algebra). Further, we show how the tropical eigenvalue of a foreign exchange rate matrix relates to arbitrage among the currencies and can be found algorithmically. We finish by employing time series techniques to study the stability of maximal, high-currency arbitrage opportunities.

Elucidation Of Active Sites For The Reaction Of Ethanol On Tio2/Au(111), David T. Boyle

Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019

Obtaining a molecular-level understanding of the reaction of alcohols with heterogeneous model catalysts is critical for improving industrial catalytic processes, such as the production of H₂ from alcohols. Gold has been shown to be an excellent oxidation catalyst once oxygen is added to it. The use of reducible oxides provides a source of oxygen on Au(111) for the reaction of ethanol, which is easily regenerated in the presence of an oxygen background. In this work, ethanol operates as a probe molecule to investigate the role of Au(111), TiO₂ nanoparticles, and TiO₂/Auinterfacial surface sites on the catalytic …

Revealing The Current Relationship Between Stream Acidification And Fish Species Richness: What Is The Status After Two Decades Of Recovery?, Patrick A. Harmon

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

Prior to limitations placed on atmospheric emission of sulfur dioxide, Shenandoah National Park streams were heavily impacted by acid deposition. Acidification of these streams resulted in a depletion of acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) and a loss of fish species diversity. Differences in bedrock composition of park watersheds produce variation in stream response to acidification such that siliciclastic watersheds provide the lowest ANC, basaltic-carbonate watersheds provide the highest ANC, and granitic watersheds provide an intermediate ANC. Previous results by Bulger et al. (1995) indicated a significant relationship between ANC and fish species richness in thirteen park streams, such that low ANC …

An Evidence-Based Review Of Academic Web Search Engines, 2014-2016: Implications For Librarians’ Practice And Research Agenda, Jody C. Fagan

Libraries

Academic web search engines have become central to scholarly research. While the fitness of Google Scholar for research purposes has been examined repeatedly, Microsoft Academic and Google Books have not received much attention. Recent studies have much to tell us about the coverage and utility of Google Scholar, its coverage of the sciences, and its utility for evaluating researcher impact. But other aspects have been understudied, such as coverage of the arts and humanities, books, and non-Western, non-English publications. User research has also tapered off. A small number of articles hint at the opportunity for librarians to become expert advisors …