Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Shoreline Evolution: City Of Virginia Beach, Virginia, Chesapeake Bay, Lynnhaven River, Broad Bay, And Atlantic Ocean Shorelines, Donna A. Milligan, Christine Wilcox, C. Scott Hardaway Jr., Mary C. Cox

Reports

The City of Virginia Beach is situated along both the Atlantic Ocean and Chesapeake Bay (Figure 1). Through time, the City’s shoreline has evolved, and determining the rates and patterns of shore change provides the basis to know how a particular coast has changed through time and how it might proceed in the future.Along Chesapeake Bay’s estuarine shores, winds, waves, tides and currents shape and modify coastlines by eroding, transporting and depositing sediments.
The purpose of this report is to document how the shore zone of the City of Virginia Beach has evolved since 1937. Aerial imagery was taken for …

Regulatory Fidelity To Guidance In Virginia’S Tidal Wetlands Program, Center For Coastal Resources Management, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science

Reports

The Commonwealth of Virginia manages its tidal wetlands resources through implementation of the Tidal Wetlands Act (Va. Code §28.2-1300 et seq.). This Act establishes a state-local regulatory program providing the option for local governments located in the coastal zone to voluntarily assume the primary responsibility for local implementation, through a citizen wetlands board, with oversight by the Virginia Marine Resources Commission (VMRC). The Tidal Wetlands Act charges local wetlands boards with balancing the preservation and use of tidal wetlands in order to protect the ecosystem services they provide. In addition, Virginia has an established state policy of no-net loss of …

Discrete-State Stochastic Models Of Calcium-Regulated Calcium Influx And Subspace Dynamics Are Not Well-Approximated By Odes That Neglect Concentration Fluctuations, Seth H. Weinberg, Gregory D. Smith

Arts & Sciences Articles

Cardiac myocyte calcium signaling is often modeled using deterministic ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and mass-action kinetics. However, spatially restricted “domains” associated with calcium influx are small enough (e.g., 10−17 liters) that local signaling may involve 1–100 calcium ions. Is it appropriate to model the dynamics of subspace calcium using deterministic ODEs or, alternatively, do we require stochastic descriptions that account for the fundamentally discrete nature of these local calcium signals? To address this question, we constructed a minimal Markov model of a calcium-regulated calcium channel and associated subspace. We compared the expected value of fluctuating subspace calcium concentration (a result …

Hydrodynamics And Morphology Of Equilibrium Tidal Freshwater Channels, Carl Friedrichs

Presentations

This presentation addresses the dynamics and morphology of near-equilibrium tidal freshwater channels. The dynamics considered are based on sectionally-averaged current velocity and a barotropic momentum balance. A series of geometries are examined which attempt to encompass generic, reasonably realistic scenarios for tidal fresh water channels found in nature. This work presents and scales the governing equations of mass and momentum conservation. An essential step in this process is the identification of key length scales, corresponding inverse length scales (or "spatial rates of change"), and dimensionless ratios to be used subsequently to determine when and where to keep or neglect various …

Influence Of Natural And Novel Organic Carbon Sources On Denitrification In Forest, Degraded Urban, And Restored Streams, Ta Newcomer, Ss Kaushal, Pm Mayer, Ar Shields, Elizabeth A. Canuel, Et Al

VIMS Articles

Organic carbon is important in regulating ecosystem function, and its source and abundance may be altered by urbanization. We investigated shifts in organic carbon quantity and quality associated with urbanization and ecosystem restoration, and its potential effects on denitrification at the riparian-stream interface. Field measurements of streamwater chemistry, organic carbon characterization, and laboratory-based denitrification experiments were completed at two forested, two restored, and two unrestored urban streams at the Baltimore Long-Term Ecological Research site, Maryland, USA. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrate loads increased with runoff according to a power-law function that varied across sites. Stable isotopes and molar C:N …

Shoreline Evolution Update: 1937/38-2009 End Point Rate Calculations Counties Of Accomack, Gloucester, And York Cities Of Newport News, Norfolk, And Poquoson, Donna A. Milligan, Christine Wilcox, Mary C. Cox, C. Scott Hardaway Jr.

Reports

Through time, Chesapeake Bay’s shoreline has evolved, and determining the rates and patterns of shore change provides the basis to know how a particular coast has changed through time and how it might proceed in the future. Along Chesapeake Bay’s estuarine shores, winds, waves, tides and currents shape and modify coastlines by eroding, transporting and depositing sediments.

The purpose of this report is to document how the shore zone of six Virginia localities, Accomack, Gloucester, York, Newport News, Norfolk, and Poquoson, have evolved since 1937/38 (Figure 1). Aerial imagery was taken for most of the Bay region beginning then and …

Ultra-Thin Perfect Absorber Employing A Tunable Phase Change Material, Mikhail A. Kats, Deepika Sharma, (...), M. M. Qazilbash, Et Al.

Arts & Sciences Articles

We show that perfect absorption can be achieved in a system comprising a single lossy dielectric layer of thickness much smaller than the incident wavelength on an opaque substrate by utilizing the nontrivial phase shifts at interfaces between lossy media. This design is implemented with an ultra-thin (∼λ/65) vanadium dioxide (VO2) layer on sapphire, temperature tuned in the vicinity of the VO2 insulator-to-metal phase transition, leading to 99.75% absorption at λ = 11.6 μm. The structural simplicity and large tuning range (from ∼80% to 0.25% in reflectivity) are promising for thermal emitters, modulators, and bolometers.

2011 Chesapeake Bay Sav Coverage, Sav Data Administrator, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science

Data

Abstract: The 2011 Chesapeake Bay SAV Coverage was mapped from 1:24,000 black and white aerial photography to assess water quality in the Bay. Each area of SAV was interpreted from the rectified photography and classified into one of four density classes by the percentage of cover. The SAV beds were entered into an SDE GIS fetaure class using the quality control procedures documented below. The dataset contains all SAV areas that were identified from the areas flown. Some areas that are presumed to contain no SAV were not flown. Some small beds, particularly along narrow tributaries may not have been …

Estuarine Sediment Transport And Sedimentation, Carl T. Friedrichs

Presentations

No abstract provided.

Evaluating The Capabilities Of The Second Generation Pics Settling Column Floc Camera In A Muddy Tidal Estuary, York River, Virginia, Usa, Grace M. Cartwright, S. Jarrell Smith, Carl T. Friedrichs, Kelsey A. Fall

Presentations

No abstract provided.

Acoustic Scattering To Measure Dispersed Oil Droplet Size And Sediment Particle Size, Paul D. Panetta, Leslie Bland, Grace M. Cartwright, Carl T. Friedrichs

Presentations

No abstract provided.

Dual Use Of A Sediment Mixing Tank For Calibrating Acoustic Backscatter And Direct Doppler Measurement Of Settling Velocity, Grace M. Cartwright, Carl T. Friedrichs, Paul D. Panetta

Presentations

While the Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) is designed to determine fluid velocity, it is important to recognize that it is actually the velocity of the scatterers themselves that is measured. Thus in a calibration tank designed to relate sediment-induced backscatter to sediment concentration, the vertical velocity registered by an ADV at a given point is actually the true fluid velocity plus the sediment’s settling velocity. And absent net vertical volume flux, the average vertical velocity registered by an ADV across a horizontal plane is equal to the mean sediment settling velocity. For this study, a series of ADV calibrations were …

Virginia Wetlands Report Vol. 27, No. 2, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science, Center For Coastal Resources Management

Virginia Wetlands Reports

Tidal Marsh Inventories

Recurrent Flooding Study, Center For Coastal Resources Management, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science

Reports

Rivers & Coast is a periodic publication of the Center for Coastal Resources Management, Virginia Institute of Marine Science. The goal of Rivers & Coast is to keep readers well informed of current scientific understanding behind key environmental issues related to watershed rivers and coastal ecosystems of the Chesapeake Bay.

City Of Virginia Beach, Virginia Shoreline Inventory Report Methods And Guidelines, Marcia Berman, Harry Berquist, Sharon Killeen, Carl Hershner, Karinna Nunez, Karen Reay, Tamia Rudnicky, Daniel E. Schatt

Reports

The data inventory developed for the Shoreline Inventory is based on a three tiered shoreline assessment approach. In most cases this assessment characterizes conditions that can be observed from a small boat navigating along the shoreline. The three tiered shoreline assessment approach divides the shorezone into three regions:

1 ) the immediate riparian zone, evaluated for land use; 2 ) the bank, evaluated for height, stability, cover and natural protection; and 3 ) the shoreline, describing the presence of shoreline structures for shore protection and recreational purposes. A combination of handheld GPS units and GPS registered videography were used to …

Impact Of Diatom-Diazotroph Associations On Carbon Export In The Amazon River Plume, Ly Yeung, Wm Berelsen, Et Al, Deborah K. Steinberg, Et Al

VIMS Articles

Offshore tropical river plumes are associated with areas of high N-2 fixation (diazotrophy) and biological carbon drawdown. Episodic blooms of the diatom Hemiaulus hauckii and its diazotrophic cyanobacterial symbiont Richelia intracellularis are believed to dominate that carbon drawdown, but the mechanism is not well understood. We report primary productivity associated with blooms of these diatom-diazotroph assemblages (DDAs) in the offshore plume of the Amazon River using simultaneous measurements of O-2/Ar ratios and the triple-isotope composition of dissolved O-2. In these blooms, we observe peaks in net community productivity, but relatively small changes in gross primary productivity, suggesting that DDA blooms …

Evaluating Recruitment Of American Eel, Anguilla Rostrata, In The Potomac River (Spring 2012), Troy D. Tuckey, Mary C. Fabrizio

Reports

The Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission (ASMFC) adopted the Interstate Fishery Management Plan (FMP) for the American eel in November 1999. The FMP focuses on increasing coastal states’ efforts to collect American eel data through both fishery-dependent and fishery-independent studies. Consequently, member jurisdictions agreed to implement an annual survey for young-of-year (YOY) American eels. The survey is intended to “…characterize trends in annual recruitment of the YOY eels over time [to produce a] qualitative appraisal of the annual recruitment of American eel to the U.S. Atlantic Coast” (ASMFC 2000). The development of these surveys began in 2000 with full implementation …

Shoreline Evolution: Westmoreland County, Virginia Potomac River And Rappahannock River Shorelines, Donna A. Milligan, Christine Wilcox, C. Scott Hardaway Jr., Mary C. Cox

Reports

Westmoreland County is situated along the Potomac River and Rappahannock River. Through time, the County’s shoreline has evolved, and determining the rates and patterns of shore change provides the basis to know how a particular coast has changed through time and how it might proceed in the future. Along Chesapeake Bay’s estuarine shores, winds, waves, tides and currents shape and modify coastlines by eroding, transporting and depositing sediments. The purpose of this report is to document how the shore zone of Westmoreland County has evolved since 1937. Aerial imagery was taken for most of the Bay region beginning that year …

Relationships Between Erodibility And Fine-Grained Seabed Properties On Tidal To Seasonal Time-Scales, York River Estuary, Virginia, Usa, Lindsey M. Kraatz, Carl T. Friedrichs, Grace M. Cartwright, Kelsey A. Fall

Presentations

No abstract provided.

Controls On Particle Settling Velocity And Bed Erodibility In The Presence Of Muddy Flocs And Pellets As Inferred By Advs, York River Estuary, Virginia, Usa, Kelsey A. Fall, Carl T. Friedrichs, Grace M. Cartwright

Presentations

No abstract provided.

Damping Of Turbulence By Suspended Sediment: Ramifications Of Under-Saturated, Critically-Saturated, And Over-Saturated Conditions, Carl T. Friedrichs

Presentations

No abstract provided.

Bis(Tetra­Ethyl­Ammonium) Oxalate Dihydrate, Timothy J. Mcneese, Robert D. Pike

Arts & Sciences Articles

The title compound, 2C8H20N+ C2O4 22H2O, synthesized by neutralizing H2C2O42H2O with (C2H5)4NOH in a 1:2 molar ratio, is a deliquescent solid. The oxalate ion is nonplanar, with a dihedral angle between carboxylate groups of 64.37 (2). O—HO hydrogen bonds of moderate strength link the O atoms of the water molecules and the oxalate ions into rings parallel to the c axis. The rings exhibit the graph-set motif R4 4 (12). In addition, there are weak C—HO interactions in the crystal structure.

Universal Conductance Fluctuations In Dirac Materials In The Presence Of Long-Range Disorder, Enrico Rossi, J. H. Bardarson, M. S. Fuhrer, S. Das Sarma

Arts & Sciences Articles

We study quantum transport in Dirac materials with a single fermionic Dirac cone (strong topological insulators and graphene in the absence of intervalley coupling) in the presence of non-Gaussian long-range disorder. We show, by directly calculating numerically the conductance fluctuations, that in the limit of very large system size and disorder strength, quantum transport becomes universal. However, a systematic deviation away from universality is obtained for realistic system parameters. By comparing our results to existing experimental data on 1/f noise, we suggest that many of the graphene samples studied to date are in a nonuniversal crossover regime of conductance fluctuations.

Carbonyl-Twisted 6-Acyl-2-Dialkylaminonaphthalenes As Solvent Acidity Sensors, Amy M. Green, Hannah R. Naughton, Zachariah B. Nealy, Robert D. Pike, Christopher J. Abelt

Arts & Sciences Articles

Derivatives of 2-propionyl-6-dimethylaminonaphthalene (PRODAN) with twisted carbonyl groups were investigated as highly responsive sensors of H-bond donating ability. The PRODAN derivative bearing a pivaloyl group (4) was prepared. The torsion angle between the carbonyl and naphthalene is 26° in the crystal. It shows solvatochromism that is similar to five other PRODAN derivatives (1–3, 5, 6). Twisted-carbonyl derivatives 3, 4, and 6 show strong fluorescence quenching in protic solvents. The order of magnitude of the quenching is linearly related to the H-bond donating ability of the solvent (SA) but not to other solvent properties. Binary mixtures of protic solvents show specific …

Structure And Bonding In Copper(I) Carbonyl And Cyanide Complexes, Robert D. Pike

Arts & Sciences Articles

The coordination chemistry of copper(I) carbonyls and cyano complexes is reviewed. Primary attention is focused on structural chemistry, including coordination behavior, bridging modes, network formation, flexible coordination number, and reversible ligand binding. Additional coverage of infrared spectroscopy and orbital interactions in carbonyl and cyanide bonding and the photophysical behavior of metal cyano complexes is also included.

Near-Synchronous And Delayed Initiation Of Long Run-Out Submarine Sediment Flows From A Record-Breaking River Flood, Offshore Taiwan, L. Carter, Jd Milliman, Pj Talling, R Gavey, Rb Wynn

VIMS Articles

Subsea fiber-optic telecommunication cables can break under fast sediment flows that travel 100s of kilometers through the deep ocean in response to earthquakes and submarine landslides. Similar flows are inferred to form from major river floods whose sediment-laden waters plunge and travel along the seabed. However, the complex initiation of flood-related flows and their hazard potential have not been observed until now. Here we use cable fault data from the Gaoping Canyon/Manila Trench off Taiwan to show that a major river flood, formed during Typhoon Morakot (2009), generated two, long run-out, destructive sediment flows; one during peak flood and the …

Synthesis And Properties Of Two Prodan-Based Fluorescent Models Of Cholesterol, Christopher J. Abelt

Arts & Sciences Articles

The syntheses and photophysical properties of 1-(5-methylhexyl)-2,3,7,8-tetrahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-e]indo1-9(6H)-one (7a) and 1-(5-methylhexyl)-23,8,9-terrahydro-1H-naphrho[2,1-e]indol-6(7H)-one (7b) are reported. They are prepared in eight steps from the corresponding bromonaphthylamines. These fluorescent compounds have PRODAN-like cores, and they are structurally similar to cholesterol. Compound 7a is the first reported PRODAN derivative where both the amino and carbonyl groups are constrained to be coplanar with the naphthalene core. Comparing the photophysical behavior of these compounds with related compounds indicates that locking the amino group in a five-membered ring enhances their desirable properties as solvent polarity sensors. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Virginia Shellfish Aquaculture Situation And Outlook Report : Results Of The 2011 Virginia Shellfish Aquaculture Crop Reporting Survey, Thomas J. Murray, Karen Hudson

Reports

The shellfish aquaculture industry in Virginia continues to grow, adding significant value to the state’s seafood marketplace. Today, watermen continue to harvest both hard clams and oysters from the state’s public resources, albeit at diminished rates. At the same time, Virginia’s watermen-farmers are providing growing quantities of additional quality shellfish to consumers. In recent years, folliowing the lead of the hard clam industry, a significant transition to intensive aquaculture of native oysters is underway. The once-extensive oyster planting utilizing wild seed has contracted primarily as a result of endemic oyster diseases and increasing wildlife predation of seed oysters. In its …

Combining Observational And Numerical Model Results To Improve Estimates Of Hypoxic Volume In Chesapeake Bay, A. J. Bever, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, Carl T. Friedrichs, M. E. Scully

Presentations

No abstract provided.

Virginia Game Fish Tagging Program Annual Report 2011, Susanna Musick, Lewis Gillingham

Reports

Through 2011, the Virginia Game Fish Tagging Program has maintained a 17-year database of records for tagged and recaptured fish. The program is a co-operative project of the Virginia Saltwater Fishing Tournament (under the Virginia Marine Resources Commission-VMRC) and the Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) of the College of William and Mary (under the VIMS Marine Advisory Program).