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2010

Remote sensing

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Articles 1 - 22 of 22

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Management Of Land Use Land Cover Through The Application Of Remote Sensing, Geographic Information Systems And Simulation, Praveen Jha Oct 2010

Management Of Land Use Land Cover Through The Application Of Remote Sensing, Geographic Information Systems And Simulation, Praveen Jha

Praveen Jha Dr

Deforestation and degradation of forest areas, including those in the Protected Areas (PAs), are major concerns in India. There were 2 broad objectives of the study: the technological objective pertained to the development of state-of-art programs that could serve as Decision Support Systems while finalizing plans and policy interventions, while the other objective aimed at generating geo-spatial data in 2 PAs. A part of the Eastern Himalaya biodiversity hotspot, Manas Tiger Reserve (MTR), Assam, India having an area of 2837.12 sq km and an important part of Rajaji-Corbett Tiger Conservation Unit, Rajaji National Park (RNP), Uttarakhand, India, having an area …

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The Amazon Frontier Of Land-Use Change: Croplands And Consequences For Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Gillian L. Galford, Jerry Melillo, John F. Mustard, Carlos E.P. Cerri, Carlos C. Cerri Oct 2010

The Amazon Frontier Of Land-Use Change: Croplands And Consequences For Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Gillian L. Galford, Jerry Melillo, John F. Mustard, Carlos E.P. Cerri, Carlos C. Cerri

Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources Faculty Publications

The Brazilian Amazon is one of the most rapidly developing agricultural frontiers in the world. The authors assess changes in cropland area and the intensification of cropping in the Brazilian agricultural frontier state of Mato Grosso using remote sensing and develop a greenhouse gas emissions budget. The most common type of intensification in this region is a shift from single-to double-cropping patterns and associated changes in management, including increased fertilization. Using the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor, the authors created a green-leaf phenology for 2001-06 that was temporally smoothed with a wavelet filter. …

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Modeling And Simulation On Signatures Of Mars Minerals, Widad Elmahboub, Edward Yankey, Olivia Kerwin Oct 2010

Modeling And Simulation On Signatures Of Mars Minerals, Widad Elmahboub, Edward Yankey, Olivia Kerwin

Virginia Journal of Science

The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of identifying minerals on Mars using remotely sensed data. In the process we also investigated the effect of noise of Aerosol and dust particles on the spectra of Mars minerals. The remotely sensed data was obtained through modeling and simulation and compared to the lab spectroscopy of the specific minerals in order to make an accurate identification. A linear model was developed using MATLAB Random Number Generator to obtain a simulated image. Part of the information we needed for the linear model was pure pixel information of Mars which was …

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Modeling Acoustic Scattering From The Seabed Using Transport Theory, Jorge Quijano, Lisa M. Zurk Sep 2010

Modeling Acoustic Scattering From The Seabed Using Transport Theory, Jorge Quijano, Lisa M. Zurk

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Radiative Transfer (RT) theory has established itself as an important tool for electromagnetic remote sensing in parallel plane geometries with random distributions of scatterers, and most recently it has also been proposed as a model for the propagation of elastic waves in layered ocean sediments. In this work the capabilities of this model are illustrated, as the RT method is used to predict backscattering strength from laboratory models of random media. The RT model is characterized by its flexibility on accommodating scatterers in a broad variety of sizes, shapes, and acoustic contrast relative to the background media. Additionally, this formulation …

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Remote Estimation Of Gross Primary Production In Maize, Yi Peng, Anatoly A. Gitelson, Galina Keydan, Donald C. Rundquist, Bryan Leavitt, Shashi B. Verma, Andrew E. Suyker Jul 2010

Remote Estimation Of Gross Primary Production In Maize, Yi Peng, Anatoly A. Gitelson, Galina Keydan, Donald C. Rundquist, Bryan Leavitt, Shashi B. Verma, Andrew E. Suyker

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

There is a growing interest in the estimation of gross primary productivity (GPP) in crops due to its importance in regional and global studies of carbon balance. We have found that crop GPP was closely related to its total chlorophyll content, and thus chlorophyll can be used as a proxy of GPP in crops. In this study, we tested the performance of various vegetation indices for estimating GPP. The indices were derived from spectral data collected remotely but at close-range over a period of eight years, from 2001 through 2008. The results show that chlorophyll indices, based on near infrared …

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A Spatiotemporal Analysis Of Aspen Decline In Southern Utah’S Cedar Mountain, Using Remote Sensing And Geographic Information Systems, David M. Evans May 2010

A Spatiotemporal Analysis Of Aspen Decline In Southern Utah’S Cedar Mountain, Using Remote Sensing And Geographic Information Systems, David M. Evans

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Widespread mortality of quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) has occurred over large expanses of the Western US during the 20th century. While much of this decline was due to conifer encroachment into seral aspen, significant aspen losses also occurred in areas of persistent aspen and may have been exasperated by drought conditions. Aspen decline has been especially notable at Cedar Mountain, Utah, an area of mostly private land and extensive persistent aspen coverage. The objectives of this study were to create a time series of live and dead aspen cover on the Cedar Mountain landscape, using remotely sensed …

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Monitoring Automotive Particulate Matter Emissions With Lidar: A Review, Claudio Mazzoleni, Hampden D. Kuhns, Hans Moosmüller Apr 2010

Monitoring Automotive Particulate Matter Emissions With Lidar: A Review, Claudio Mazzoleni, Hampden D. Kuhns, Hans Moosmüller

Michigan Tech Publications

Automotive particulate matter (PM) causes deleterious effects on health and visibility. Physical and chemical properties of PM also influence climate change. Roadside remote sensing of automotive emissions is a valuable option for assessing the contribution of individual vehicles to the total PM burden. LiDAR represents a unique approach that allows measuring PM emissions from in-use vehicles with high sensitivity. This publication reviews vehicle emission remote sensing measurements using ultraviolet LiDAR and transmissometer systems. The paper discusses the measurement theory and documents examples of how these techniques provide a unique perspective for exhaust emissions of individual and groups of vehicles.

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Development And Demonstration Of A Field-Deployable Fast Chromotomographic Imager, Daniel C. O'Dell Mar 2010

Development And Demonstration Of A Field-Deployable Fast Chromotomographic Imager, Daniel C. O'Dell

Theses and Dissertations

A field deployable hyperspectral imager utilizing chromotomography (CT), with a direct vision prism (DVP) as the dispersive element, has been constructed at AFIT. This research is focused on the development and demonstration of the CT imager. An overview of hyperspectral imaging, chromotomography, a synopsis of reconstruction algorithms, and other CT instruments are given. The importance of component alignment, instrument calibration, and exact prism angular position data are discussed. A simplistic \shift and add" reconstruction algorithm was utilized for this research. Although limited in its ability to reconstruct a spatially and spectrally diverse scene, the algorithm was adequate for the testing …

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Cleaning Of Rivers Through The Application Of Advanced Technologies, Praveen Jha Dr Mar 2010

Cleaning Of Rivers Through The Application Of Advanced Technologies, Praveen Jha Dr

Praveen Jha Dr

Despite immense drain on our scarce resources, rivers remain polluted. Waste disposal into rivers on top of meager to absent infrastructural facilities, including treatment facilities, are the most important drivers of pollution. Unscientific development paradigm devoid of adequate environmental safeguards and failure of forestry sector to cope up with the challenge has led to the deteriorated condition of green cover and water. Several state-of-art geo-spatial programs developed by the author would be applied for generating optimum state-of-art plan. Three state-of-art geo-spatial programs - Multi-Algorithm Automation Program (MAAP), Data Automatic Modification Program (DAMP) and Multi-Stage Simulation Program (MUSSIP) - developed primarily …

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Research Poster: Gis And Remote Sensing Core Lab For Facilitating Interdisciplinary Research In Climate Change, Haroon Stephen, William J. Smith, Craig Palmer, Thomas C. Piechota Feb 2010

Research Poster: Gis And Remote Sensing Core Lab For Facilitating Interdisciplinary Research In Climate Change, Haroon Stephen, William J. Smith, Craig Palmer, Thomas C. Piechota

2010 Annual Nevada NSF EPSCoR Climate Change Conference

Research poster

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Build A Remote Sensing Satellite, Rob Snyder Jan 2010

Build A Remote Sensing Satellite, Rob Snyder

IPY STEM Polar Connections

•Build a model of a remote sensing satellite. •Use your model of a satellite to transform reflected visible of different frequencies into electrical signals with different voltages. •Use different colors of paper to calibrate the model. •Create a model of a landscape using three different colors of paper. •Create a “false color” image of the model of a landscape (if time permits).

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Effects Of Lightning And Other Meteorological Factors On Fire Activity In The North American Boreal Forest: Implications For Fire Weather Forecasting, David Peterson, Jun Wang, Charles Ichoku, Lorraine Remer Jan 2010

Effects Of Lightning And Other Meteorological Factors On Fire Activity In The North American Boreal Forest: Implications For Fire Weather Forecasting, David Peterson, Jun Wang, Charles Ichoku, Lorraine Remer

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

The effects of lightning and other meteorological factors on wildfire activity in the North American boreal forest are statistically analyzed during the fire seasons of 2000–2006 through an integration of the following data sets: the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) level 2 fire products, the 3-hourly 32-km gridded meteorological data from North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR), and the lightning data collected by the Canadian Lightning Detection Network (CLDN) and the Alaska Lightning Detection Network (ALDN). Positive anomalies of the 500 hPa geopotential height field, convective available potential energy (CAPE), number of cloud-to-ground lightning strikes, and the number of consecutive dry …

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Remote Sensing Of Phytoplankton Pigment Distribution In The United States Northeast Coast, Xiaoju Pan, Antonio Mannino, Mary E. Russ, Stanford B. Hooker, Lawrence Harding Jan 2010

Remote Sensing Of Phytoplankton Pigment Distribution In The United States Northeast Coast, Xiaoju Pan, Antonio Mannino, Mary E. Russ, Stanford B. Hooker, Lawrence Harding

United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration: Publications

Phytoplankton pigments constitute many more compounds than chlorophyll a that can be applied to study phytoplankton diversity, populations, and primary production. In this study, field measurements were applied to develop ocean color satellite algorithms of phytoplankton pigments from in-water radiometry measurements. The match-up comparisons showed that the satellite-derived pigments from our algorithms agree reasonably well (e.g. 30–55% of uncertainty for SeaWiFS and 37–50% for MODIS-Aqua) to field data, with better agreement (e.g. 30–38% of uncertainty for SeaWiFS and 39–44% for MODIS-Aqua) for pigments abundant in diatoms. The seasonal and spatial variations of satellite-derived phytoplankton biomarker pigments, such as fucoxanthin, which …

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Comparison Of Different Aproaches To Extract Heterogeneous Objects From An Image Using An Orchards Example, Przemysław Kupidura, Gwadera Łukasz Jan 2010

Comparison Of Different Aproaches To Extract Heterogeneous Objects From An Image Using An Orchards Example, Przemysław Kupidura, Gwadera Łukasz

Przemysław Kupidura

Traditional, pixel-based classification is very often an useless tool for an automatic extraction of heterogeneous types of land cover. This paper presents the application of mathematical morphology for a semi-automatic extraction of heterogenous objects using an example of orchards. Thanks to this algorithm it is possible to obtain orchards pixels of unique set of digital numbers, allowing succesful application of a traditional pixel-based classification for extraction of this class.The algorithm concerning a sequence of morphological operations of multispectral satellite images of very high resolution (VHR) is then veryfied on test images. The paper concerns also a comparison of an efficiency …

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Semi-Automatic Method For A Built-Up Area Intensity Survey Using Morphological Granulometry, Przemysław Kupidura Jan 2010

Semi-Automatic Method For A Built-Up Area Intensity Survey Using Morphological Granulometry, Przemysław Kupidura

Przemysław Kupidura

Built-up areas as a land-use type are easy to extract in a visual photo-interpretation process, however their heterogeneous character makes theirs automatic or semi-automatic extraction very complicated, even impossible using non-contextual, pixel-based methods of image classification. This paper concerns the application of the semi-automatic method of the extraction of built-up areas in satellite images. Granulometric maps, a mathematical morphology operator is used as a main tool for surveying a heterogeneity of particular parts of an aerial or satellite image. This function measures amount and size of objects in the determined neighborhood of each pixel of an image. Pixels representing built-up …

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Land Surface Brightness Temperature Modeling Using Solar Insolation, Haroon Stephen, Sajjad Ahmad, Thomas C. Piechota Jan 2010

Land Surface Brightness Temperature Modeling Using Solar Insolation, Haroon Stephen, Sajjad Ahmad, Thomas C. Piechota

Public Policy and Leadership Faculty Publications

Retrieval of land surface emissivity and temperature from microwave brightness temperature data is a complex problem. The diurnal variation of temperature due to the diurnal cycle of solar radiation and weather conditions makes this problem even more challenging. In this paper, we use solar radiation in modeling the temporal variation of the brightness temperature state of the surface. Solar insolation modeling is used to estimate the diurnal variation of land surface brightness temperature. Solar radiation and brightness temperature are linked through temperature of the surface which is derived based on the radiation balance equation. The temperature state model behaves consistent …

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Mapping Riparian Vegetation In The Lower Colorado River Using Low Resolution Satellite Imagery, Kelly J. Amundsen Jan 2010

Mapping Riparian Vegetation In The Lower Colorado River Using Low Resolution Satellite Imagery, Kelly J. Amundsen

ETD Archive

In the Western United States, monitoring water usage is a complex task carried out by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR). It may be argued that USBR's greatest challenge is equitably distributing the waters of the Colorado River, particularly the Lower Colorado River, where water rights have been established and contested several times. To help meet the demands of water management in the Lower Colorado River Basin, USBR estimates the amount of water lost from the basin each year via evapo-transpiration by riparian vegetation in the Lower Colorado River riparian zone. Key components of those estimates include maps of the …

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Terrestrial And Marine Geobiophysical Spatial Analysis And Modeling Of Phytoplankton And Nutrients In Haifa Bay, Israel, Sinaya Dayan Jan 2010

Terrestrial And Marine Geobiophysical Spatial Analysis And Modeling Of Phytoplankton And Nutrients In Haifa Bay, Israel, Sinaya Dayan

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Haifa Bay, Israel, is considered one of the most polluted environments in the nation. The bay water is enriched with nutrients and shows elevated levels of phytoplankton biomass. This requires continuous data collection to monitor productivity. The objectives of these remote sensing geobiophysical models were to (1) create a terrestrial model component to identify sources for the elevated levels of nutrients in the bay, and (2) marine model component to validate remote sensing algorithms for the detection of Chlorophyll in an oceanic setting. Methods included Spatial Analysis, Principal Component Analysis, Unsupervised Classification, Map Algebra, Band Ratios, and Statistical Regression of …

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Operation And Application Of A Regional High-Frequency Radar Network In The Mid-Atlantic Bight, Hugh Roarty, Scott Glenn, Josh Kohut, Donglai Gong, Ethan Handel, Erick Rivera, Teresa Garner, Larry Atkinson, Wendell Brown, Chris Jakubiak, Mike Muglia, Sara Haines, Harvey Seim Jan 2010

Operation And Application Of A Regional High-Frequency Radar Network In The Mid-Atlantic Bight, Hugh Roarty, Scott Glenn, Josh Kohut, Donglai Gong, Ethan Handel, Erick Rivera, Teresa Garner, Larry Atkinson, Wendell Brown, Chris Jakubiak, Mike Muglia, Sara Haines, Harvey Seim

CCPO Publications

The Mid-Atlantic Regional Coastal Ocean Observing System (MARCOOS) High- Frequency Radar Network, which comprises 13 long-range sites, 2 medium-range sites, and 12 standard-range sites, is operated as part of the Integrated Ocean Observing System. This regional implementation of the network has been operational for 2 years and has matured to the point where the radars provide consistent coverage from Cape Cod to Cape Hatteras. A concerted effort was made in the MARCOOS project to increase the resiliency of the radar stations from the elements, power issues, and other issues that can disable the hardware of the system. The quality control …

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Relating Surface Backscatter Response From Trmm Precipitation Radar To Soil Moisture: Results Over A Semi-Arid Region, Haroon Stephen, Sajjad Ahmad, Thomas C. Piechota, Chunling Tang Jan 2010

Relating Surface Backscatter Response From Trmm Precipitation Radar To Soil Moisture: Results Over A Semi-Arid Region, Haroon Stephen, Sajjad Ahmad, Thomas C. Piechota, Chunling Tang

Public Policy and Leadership Faculty Publications

The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) carries aboard the Precipitation Radar (TRMMPR) that measures the backscatter (σº) of the surface. σº is sensitive to surface soil moisture and vegetation conditions. Due to sparse vegetation in arid and semi-arid regions, TRMMPR σº primarily depends on the soil water content. In this study we relate TRMMPR σº measurements to soil water content (m(s)) in the Lower Colorado River Basin (LCRB). σº dependence on ms is studied for different vegetation greenness values determined through Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). A new model of σº that couples incidence angle, m(s), and NDVI is used …

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Benthic Ecology From Space: Optics And Net Primary Production In Seagrass And Benthic Algae Across The Great Bahama Bank, Heidi M. Dierssen, Richard C. Zimmerman, Lisa A. Drake, David J. Burdige Jan 2010

Benthic Ecology From Space: Optics And Net Primary Production In Seagrass And Benthic Algae Across The Great Bahama Bank, Heidi M. Dierssen, Richard C. Zimmerman, Lisa A. Drake, David J. Burdige

OES Faculty Publications

Development of repeatable and quantitative tools are necessary for determining the abundance and distribution of different types of benthic habitats, detecting changes to these ecosystems, and determining their role in the global carbon cycle. Here we used ocean color remote sensing techniques to map different major groups of primary producers and estimate net primary productivity (NPP) across Great Bahama Bank (GBB). Field investigations on the northern portion of the GBB in 2004 revealed 3 dominant types of benthic primary producers: seagrass, benthic macroalgae, and microalgae attached to sediment. Laboratory measurements of NPP ranged from barely net autotrophic for grapestone sediment …

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Estimation Of The Area Of Sealed Soil Using Gis Technology And Remote Sensing, Stanisław Białousz, Przemysław Kupidura Dec 2009

Estimation Of The Area Of Sealed Soil Using Gis Technology And Remote Sensing, Stanisław Białousz, Przemysław Kupidura

Przemysław Kupidura

Soil sealing can be defined as the destruction or covering of soil by buildings, constructions and artificial layers completely or partly impermeable (asphalt, concrete, etc.) It is the most intense form of land consumption and is essentially an irreversible process. Soil is sealed when agricultural or other biologically land is taken into the built environment. It is also a continuing process within existing urban areas, especially where urban population and the density of built structures is increasing and residual inner-city green zones are reduced. The paper concerns the methodology for an estimation of the area of sealed soil using GIS …

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