Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Snow Accumulation, Surface Height Change, And Firn Densification At Summit, Greenland: Insights From 2 Years Of In Situ Observation, Jack E. Dibb, Mark Fahnestock

Earth Sciences

Weekly measurements of surface height change were made at an accumulation forest of 100 stakes at Summit, Greenland, over a 2-year period (17 August 2000 to 8 August 2002). On average, the surface height relative to the stakes increased 64 (±4.8) cm in the first year and 65 (±5.3) cm in the second, identical to the average (65 ± 4.5 cm yr⁻¹) previously reported for the period 1991–1995 in a similar forest 28 km to the southwest. The continuous 2-year data set indicates that the rate of surface rise was not constant, with the summers of 2001 and …

Summertime Ozone At Mount Washington: Meteorological Controls At The Highest Peak In The Northeast, E V. Fischer, R. Talbot, Jack E. Dibb

Earth Sciences

This study examined the synoptic and regional-scale meteorological controls on summertime O₃ at Mount Washington, the highest peak (1910 m) in the northeastern United States. Analysis of air mass transport to Mount Washington was conducted for the summers of 1998–2003 using backward trajectories. Distinct patterns in air mass history were revealed using this approach that helped explain extreme variations in O₃ mixing ratios. Most enhanced (≥90th percentile) and depleted (≤10th percentile) O₃ events were short-lived and spread out over the summer months. Enhanced O₃ events at Mount Washington were generally associated with westerly transport, while depleted …

U.S. Law Of The Sea Cruise To Map The Foot Of The Slope And 2500-M Isobath Of The Northeast Us Atlantic Continental Margin: Legs 1, 2 And 3. Cruise Report, James V. Gardner

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

U.S. Law of the Sea cruise to map the foot of the slope and 2500-m isobath of the Northeast US Atlantic continental margin: Legs 1,2 and 3

CRUISES H04-1, 2 and 3

August 23, to November 30, 2004

Gulfport, MS to Norfolk, VA

Coral Reef Ecosystem Restoration Off Southeast Florida, David S. Gilliam, Walter Jaap, Richard E. Dodge, Elizabeth Glynn Fahy, Jamie A. Monty, Brian K. Walker, Lauren F. Shuman, B. D. Ettinger, Daniel P. Fahy, Shaun M. Gill, Richard Shaul

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Proceedings, Presentations, Speeches, Lectures

Significant coral reef community development along the eastern shelf of the United States continues northward of the Florida Keys through Miami-Dade, Broward, Palm Beach, and Martin Counties, Florida (to Latitude 27° N). These Southeast Florida high-latitude coral communities have approximately 30 species of stony corals, stony coral coverage of 2-3%, and a diverse assemblage of reef gorgonians, sponges, and fishes.

This system lays within 3 km of the coast offshore a highly urbanized area comprising a population of over 5 million people (the population of Broward County alone exceeds 1.7 million). These reefs are important economic assets: a 2001 economic …

Techniques For Restoring Gorgonians To Coral Reef Injury Areas, Lauren F. Shuman, David S. Gilliam, Richard E. Dodge, B. D. Ettinger, Daniel P. Fahy, Elizabeth Glynn Fahy, Shaun M. Gill, Jamie A. Monty, Brian K. Walker

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Proceedings, Presentations, Speeches, Lectures

Great attention and energy has been spent investigating reattachment techniques for dislodged and fragmented scleractinian corals; however there has been a lack of controlled experimentation on how to restore dislodged gorgonians following a disturbance event, such as a ship grounding. Unfortunately, reef damage events occur frequently off southeast Florida. As an example, since 1998 at least five freighters have grounded on the reefs near Ft. Lauderdale, Broward County. These freighters dislodged many scleractinian and gorgonian corals and often destroyed thousands of square feet of reef habitat. After these events, restoration efforts concentrated on stabilizing loose debris and rubble, and reattaching …

Agenda: Introduction To The Legal Foundation Of Federal Land Management, University Of Colorado Boulder. Natural Resources Law Center

Introduction to the Legal Foundation of Federal Land Management (December 1-3)

Materials prepared for the course held at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado on December 1-3, 2004

Course instructors: Charles Wilkinson; Sarah Krakoff; Kathryn Mutz; Ann Morgan; Maggie Fox

Contents:

Introduction -- Agenda -- Summaries of laws -- Case studies. Travel management; Oil and gas development; Timber/fuels reduction -- How to influence agency decision makers -- Natural resource related legal and policy resources for the non-legal professional

Introduction To The Legal Foundation Of Federal Land Management, University Of Colorado Boulder. Natural Resources Law Center

Introduction to the Legal Foundation of Federal Land Management (December 1-3)

1 v. (various pagings) : ill., maps ; 28 cm

Materials prepared for the course held at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado on December 1-3, 2004

Course instructors: Charles Wilkinson; Sarah Krakoff; Kathryn Mutz; Ann Morgan; Maggie Fox

Contents:

Introduction -- Agenda -- Summaries of laws -- Case studies. Travel management; Oil and gas development; Timber/fuels reduction -- How to influence agency decision makers -- Natural resource related legal and policy resources for the non-legal professional

Temporal Variability Of Satellite-Derived Chlorophyll And Sea Suface Temperature In The California Current, Kasey Legaard

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Physical forcing and biological response within the California Current coastal upwelling system are highly variable over a wide range of scales. Satellite remote sensing offers the only feasible means of quantifying this variability over the full extent of this current system. Here we quantify and compare patterns of physical and biological variability acting over seasonal, interannual and dominant intraseasonal time scales throughout the California Current System using more than five years (1997-2003) of daily SeaWiFS chlorophyll and NOAA/NASA AVHRR Oceans Pathfinder SST imagery. Mean seasonal cycles were modeled as the sum of annual and semiannual harmonics. Interannual variability was estimated …

Rayleigh-Lidar Observations Of Mesospheric Mid-Latitude Density Climatology Above Utah State University, Eric M. Lundell, Vincent B. Wickwar

Posters

Data from Rayleigh lidars have been used extensively to derive temperatures in the mesospheric region of the atmosphere. However, these data have not been used extensively in a similar way to derive neutral densities. We report on one such mid-latitude, density climatology between 45 and ~90 km, based on nearly 600 good nights of observations carried out since 1993 at the Atmospheric Lidar Observatory (ALO) at Utah State University (41.7°N 111.8°W). They produce relative density profiles that are then normalized at 45 km to an empirical model, in this case the MSISe00 model. Despite this normalization, significant differences are found …

A Watershed-Based Classification System For Lakes In Agriculturally-Dominated Ecosystems: A Case Study Of Nebraska Reservoirs, Henry N. N. Bulley

Department of Geography: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

In recent decades substantial progress has been made in improving the quality of surface waters in the United States (Hawkins et al., 2000; EPA, 2000; EPA, 2001); nevertheless, much work remains to be done in assessing the state of impairment of lake waters. Impairment implies that the existing water quality of a lake, as measured by selected criteria (e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus, chlorophyll-a, Secchi depth), exceeds a threshold value or standard that presumably reflects optimal attainable lake water quality conditions (or "reference" conditions) (Hughes, 1995; EPA, 2000; EPA, 2001). Such impaired waters are not suitable for designated uses such as drinking, …

Deep-Sea Image Processing, Yuri Rzhanov, Larry A. Mayer, D J. Fornari

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

High-resolution seafloor mapping often requires optical methods of sensing, to confirm interpretations made from sonar data. Optical digital imagery of seafloor sites can now provide very high resolution and also provides additional cues, such as color information for sediments, biota and divers rock types. During the cruise AT11-7 of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) vessel R/V Atlantis (February 2004, East Pacific Rise) visual imagery was acquired from three sources: (1) a digital still down-looking camera mounted on the submersible Alvin, (2) observer-operated 1-and 3-chip video cameras with tilt and pan capabilities mounted on the front of Alvin, and (3) …

Variable Bandwidth Filter For Multibeam Echo-Sounding Bottom Detection, Barbara J. Kraft, Christian De Moustier

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

The accuracy of a seafloor map derived from multibeam swath bathymetry depends first and foremost on the quality of the bottom detection process that yields estimates of the arrival time and angle of bottom echoes received in each beam. Filtering of each beam with a fixed bandwidth filter, with the bandwidth based on the length of the transmitted pulse, reduces the error associated with the time-angle estimates. However, filters of this type can not be optimal over the wide range of operational environments encountered. Better results are obtained with a processing scheme that varies the filter bandwidth across the swath …

The Value Of Created Dunes To Address Coastal Hazards In Chesapeake Bay: Hurricane Isabel Impacts, C. Scott Hardaway Jr., Donna A. Milligan, Travis R. Comer

Reports

Perhaps the most important function of a created dune, from some perspectives, is coastal protection. Since the initiation of this subtask within the overall Chesapeake Bay Dune Monitoring and Management Analysis project, Hurricane Isabel impacted the coastal plain of Virginia and significantly altered almost all Bay shorelines to one degree or another. This is particularly true of shorelines facing north, east, and south since the winds shifted as the storm passed. The original task scope has changed slightly as a result of Isabel’s passage since it was such a significant storm event and provided an opportunity to show how dunes …

Micro-Bathymetric Mapping Using Acoustic Range Images, Christopher Roman, Hanumant Singh

Christopher N. Roman

This work focuses on the creation of high resolution micro-bathymetric maps using a high frequency pencil beam sonar. These maps typically cover areas of 10's to 100's of square meters. Data is collected using a sonar mounted to an underwater vehicle that can be positioned at discrete locations on the sea floor or flown in a survey pattern above the bottom. Specifically, we are focused on improving the accuracy of these terrain maps by merging sonar pings taken from multiple vantage points over the same location. This requires the adaption of data registration techniques to handle errors related to the …

Cmg Training In Spatio-Temporal Statistical Analysis Of Multi-Platform Ocean Optical Observations, Mary Jane Perry

University of Maine Office of Research Administration: Grant Reports

This project will be a five-week summer school on the topic of spatio-temporal statistical analysis and its application to multi-platform, multi-sensor bio-optical oceanic data. The summer school seeks to address some of the analysis challenges anticipated as the Integrated Ocean Observing System is established. These are associated with the very diverse range of spatial and temporal sampling afforded by the different components of such a system and contemporaneous process experiments. Statistical experts in spatial information engineering with experience in collaboration with ocean scientists will discuss some of the modern tools for statistical analysis of such data and associated challenges, while …

The Next Edition Of Iho-S-57 (4.0): A Primer, Lee Alexander

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) is an intergovernmental consultative and technical organization that was established in 1921 to support the safety of navigation and the protection of the marine environment. IHO Special Publication 57 (IHO S-57) is the IHO Transfer Standard for Digital Hydrographic Data. It is the standard to be used for the exchange of digital hydrographic data between hydrographic offices (HOs), and for the distribution of hydrographic data to manufacturers, mariners and other data users (e.g., GIS). It was developed so that the transfer all forms of hydrographic data would take place in a consistent and uniform manner. …

Ship-Based Nitric Acid Measurements In The Gulf Of Maine During New England Air Quality Study 2002, Jack E. Dibb, Eric Scheuer, Sallie I. Whitlow, Marcy Vozzella, Eric Williams, Brian M. Lerner

Earth Sciences

Gas phase nitric acid (HNO₃) was measured at 5-min resolution on board the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) research vessel Ronald H. Brown during the second leg (29 July to 10 August) of the New England Air Quality Study (NEAQS) 2002 cruise. A primary objective of the cruise was to improve understanding of the oxidation of NO_x in, and removal of the oxidation products from, the polluted marine boundary layer east of northeastern North America. For the first 9 days of this leg the ship remained north of Cape Cod, and the cruise track did not …

Three-Dimensional Simulations Of Inorganic Aerosol Distributions In East Asia During Spring 2001, Youhua Tang, Gregory R. Carmichael, John H. Seinfeld, Donald Dabdub, Rodney J. Weber, B J. Huebert, A D. Clarke, Sergio A. Guazzotti, David A. Sodeman, Kimberly A. Prather, Itsushi Uno, Jung -Hun Woo, James J. Yienger, David G. Streets, Patricia K. Quinn, James E. Johnson, Chul-Han Song, Vicki H. Grassian, Adrian Sandu, R. Talbot, Jack E. Dibb

Earth Sciences

In this paper, aerosol composition and size distributions in east Asia are simulated using a comprehensive chemical transport model. Three-dimensional aerosol simulations for the TRACE-P and ACE-Asia periods are performed and used to help interpret actual observations. The regional chemical transport model, STEM-2K3, which includes the on-line gas-aerosol thermodynamic module SCAPE II, and explicitly considers chemical aging of dust, is used in the analysis. The model is found to represent many of the important observed features. The Asian outflow during March and April of 2001 is heavily polluted with high aerosol loadings. Under conditions of low dust loading, SO_{2 …}

Coastal Change And Beach Ridges Along The Northwest Coast Of Peru: Image And Gis Analysisof The Chira, Piura, And Colán Beach-Ridge Plains, Stacy Shafer Rogers, Daniel H. Sandweiss, Kirk A. Maasch, Daniel F. Belknap, Peggy Agouris

Anthropology Faculty Scholarship

Since approximately 5200 cal yrs BP, five sets of eight to nine beach ridges were built and preserved along the northwestern Peruvian coastal desert (3o30'S-9oS). Potential ridge-building mechanisms in the hyper-arid environment of northwest Peru include El Nifio floods and storms, seismic activity, and sea-level change, as well as more gradualc limate changes that affectedc oastal morphologyI. mage processinga nd GeographicI nformationS ystem (GIS) methods were used to analyze aerial photographs and measure historic coastal patterns along three beach-ridge plains over a 37-year time period. Coastal features were digitized from image mosaics of each ridge plain at different time intervals …

Circulation, Vol. 11, No. 3, Center For Coastal Physical Oceanography, Old Dominion University, Robert E. Tuleya

CCPO Circulation

Fall 2004 issue of CCPO Circulation featuring article "Impact of CO(2)-induced Warming on Simulated Hurricane Intensity and Precipitation" by Robert E. Tuleya

Correction [To Maurakis And Grimes Article, V. 54, #3&4]

Virginia Journal of Science

This page is a correction to an article by Eugene G. Maurakis and David V. Grimes: Predicting Fish Species Diversity in Lotic Freshwaters of Greece, published in Virginia Journal of Science Volume 54, numbers 3 and 4. Amended table 2a owed to a printing corruption.

Lower Columbia River Aquatic Nonindigenous Species Survey 2001-2004, Mark Sytsma, Jeffery Cordell, John Chapman, Robyn Draheim

Center for Lakes and Reservoirs Publications and Presentations

Rates of aquatic nonindigenous species (ANS) introductions and their social, economic, and ecological impacts are increasing. Introductions of nonnative marine organisms have increased exponentially over the last two centuries and expenditures on outreach, control, and research exceed millions of dollars per species for several invaders of particular concern to the United States. These trends suggest that major changes are occurring in the freshwater, estuarine, and marine ecosystems of North America, but their magnitude is probably underestimated.

Fall 2004, Nsu Oceanographic Center

Currents

No abstract provided.

A Major Regional Air Pollution Event In The Northeastern United States Caused By Extensive Forest Fires In Quebec, Canada, Linsey J. Debell, Jack E. Dibb, R. Talbot, J W. Munger, E V. Fischer, Steve Frolking

Earth Sciences

During early July 2002, wildfires burned ∼1 × 10⁶ ha of forest in Quebec, Canada. The resultant smoke plume was seen in satellite images blanketing the U.S. east coast. Concurrently, extremely high CO mixing ratios were observed at the Atmospheric Investigation, Regional Modeling, Analysis and Prediction (AIRMAP) network sites in New Hampshire and at the Harvard Forest Environmental Measurement Site (HFEMS) in Massachusetts. The CO enhancements were on the order of 525–1025 ppbv above low mixing ratio conditions on surrounding days. A biomass burning source for the event was confirmed by concomitant enhancements in aerosol K⁺, NH …

Evidence Of Shark Predation And Scavenging On Fishes Equipped With Pop-Up Satellite Archival Tags, David W. Kerstetter, J. Polovina, John E. Graves

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

No abstract provided.

The Perfect Microbial Symbiosis Hotel: Marine Sponges, Jose V. Lopez

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

No abstract provided.

Asymptotic Accuracy Of Geoacoustic Inversions, Michele Zanolin, Ian Ingram, Aaron Thode, Nicholas C. Makris

Publications

Criteria necessary to accurately estimate a set of unknown geoacoustic parameters from remote acoustic measurements are developed in order to aid the design of geoacoustic experiments. The approach is to have estimation error fall within a specified design threshold by adjusting controllable quantities such as experimental sample size or signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This is done by computing conditions on sample size and SNR necessary for any estimate to have a variance that (1) asymptotically attains the Cramer–Rao lower bound (CRLB) and (2) has a CRLB that falls within the specified design error threshold. Applications to narrow band deterministic signals received …

Asymptotic Accuracy Of Geoacoustic Inversions, Michele Zanolin, Ian Ingram, Aaron Thode, Nicholas C. Makris

Michele Zanolin

An Earlier Lidar Observation Of A Noctilucent Cloud Above Logan, Utah (41.7°N), Joshua P. Herron, Vincent B. Wickwar

Posters

The Atmospheric Lidar Observatory (ALO) Rayleigh-scatter lidar has been operated for 11 years on the Utah State University (USU) campus (41.7o N 111.8o W). During the morning of 22 June 1995 a noctilucent cloud (NLC) was observed with the lidar well away from the twilight periods when NLCs are visible. It lasted for approximately one hour. This observation and a second in 1999 [Wickwar et al., 2002] are very significant because they show the penetration of NLCs equatorward of 50°, which may have important implications for global change. Temperature profiles calculated at hourly intervals were at least 20 …

Extratropical Transition Of Southwest Pacific Tropical Cyclones. Part Ii: Midlatitude Circulation Characteristics, Mark R. Sinclair

Applied Aviation Sciences - Prescott

This second of two papers on extratropical transition (ET) over the southwest Pacific Ocean focuses on the variability of ET. A climatology of ET onset based on a previously described objective technique shows that ET commences 158 of latitude nearer the equator on average than similar cases from the Northern Hemisphere. Characteristic midlatitude circulation patterns accompanying ET near 308S are identified by means of empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of 50 storms. The first eigenvector pattern, explaining nearly half the circulation variability, expresses relaxed and enhanced pressure gradients south of the storm that define composites similar to ‘‘cradled’’ and ‘‘captured’’ …