Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Modeling Transport Of Colloid-Bound Herbicides And Heavy Metals To Groundwater, Anastasios D. Karathanasis, R. E. Phillips, A. K. Seta

KWRRI Research Reports

Recent studies have suggested that contaminant transport to groundwater may be enhanced by association with colloidal particles. This study evaluated the role of water dispersible colloids with diverse mineralogical composition in co-transporting selected herbicides and heavy metals through intact soil columns. Colloid recovery in the eluents ranged from 45-90% for the herbicides and 10-60% for the heavy metals. The presence of colloids enhanced the transport of atrazine by 2-18%, and metolachlor by 8-30%. The corresponding increase for Cu and Zn was 2-150 and 5-30 times, respectively. For Pb, there was essentially no elution in the absence of colloids, suggesting nearly …

Formulation Enhanced Transport Of A Soil Applied Herbicide, V. P. Evangelou, Louis M. Mcdonald, Sandra Prima

KWRRI Research Reports

Because pesticides are applied as formulated particles and the affinity of the active ingredient for the formulation is higher than for the bulk water, we hypothesized that a formulation complex could affect active ingredient transport. Our objectives were to investigate the nature and extent of surfactant-atrazine-clay/oxide surface interactions. When atrazine and an anionic surfactant were dried onto plain or Fe-coated sand and leached, atrazine concentrations in the initial leachate were lower in the Fe-coated sand treatment. This was likely due to an electrostatic attraction between the sand and surfactant. When a nonionic surfactant was used, atrazine concentration in the initial …

Metal-Resistance Genetically Engineered Bacteria, Sylvia Daunert, Donna Scott, Sridhar Ramanathan

KWRRI Research Reports

Bacterial-based electrochemical and optical sensing systems that respond in a highly selective and sensitive manner to antimonite and arsenite have been developed. This was accomplished by using genetically engineered bacteria bearing one of two plasmids constructed for our studies. The first plasmid, pBGD23, contains the operator/promoter region (O/P) and the gene of the ArsR protein from the ars operon upstream from the β-galactosidase gene. In the absence of antimonite/arsenite, ArsR binds to the 0/P site and prevents the transcription of the genes for ArsR and β-galactosidase, thus blocking expression of these proteins. When antimonite or arsenite is present in the …

Flash-Flood Monitoring And Modeling In Kentucky, Mark French, Nageshwar Bhaskar, George K. A. Kyiamah

KWRRI Research Reports

This research project focused on the evaluation of hydrologic issue of flash-flooding in the state of Kentucky. The primary objectives of this project were the following:
(1) to initiate the establishment of a hydrologic database archive necessary for characterizing rainfall and runoff associated with flash-flooding;
(2) identification of appropriate modeling approaches for evaluating site-specific flash-flood runoff behavior.

Specific tasks accomplished to meet the objectives include the following:
(1) development of a rainfall and streamflow data archive using existing measurement gages and identification of the rain gage data from two sources for preliminary quality control;
(2) identification of the spatial and …

Task Ll Report, Part 2: Evaluation Of Water Supplies In The Red River, Dix River, And Mainstem Watersheds Of The Kentucky River, D. I. Carey, A. W. Fogle, L. G. Morris

KWRRI Research Reports

This study was part of a larger study of water supplies throughout the Kentucky River Basin conducted by the Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute for the Kentucky River Authority. This report examines municipal and private water supplies in the Red River, Dix River, and mainstem Kentucky River watersheds. Municipal supplies which depend on the mainstem Kentucky River, and municipal and private supplies in the North, South, and Middle Fork watersheds of the Kentucky River basin are examined in separate reports.

Water Use Estimation And Forecasting For The Kentucky River Basin: A Preliminary Draft Report, Glenn C. Blomquist, William Hoyt, Dayuan Hu, Colleeen G. Scott

KWRRI Research Reports

We estimate aggregate monthly water use for summer, peak demand and nonsummer off-peak demand periods for the Kentucky River Basin. Using Kentucky Division of Water use data, U.S. Census data for county demographic and economic conditions, and U.S. Weather Service data for weather conditions we estimate use for the 1970-1993 period. Our model allows for idiosyncratic effects of each of the 27 counties in the sample. We find factors such as population and manufacturing employment effect use and temperature and rainfall in current and preceding months effect use during the summer, peak period. The model predicts well within the sample …

Executive Summary: Kentucky River Basin Water Supply Assessment Study, L. Ormsbee

KWRRI Research Reports

This is a high level summary of the KWRRI study assessing the water supply concerns in the Kentucky River Basin.

Evaluation Of Water Supplies In The Upper Forks Of The Kentucky River Basin, Kentucky Water Resource Research Institute

KWRRI Research Reports

This study examined municipal and private water supplies in the Upper Forks of the Kentucky River. Municipal water systems in Letcher, Knott, Leslie, and Breathitt counties in the North Fork Kentucky River Basin, Leslie county in the Middle Fork Kentucky River Basin, and Owsley and Clay counties in the South Fork Kentucky River were examined for current and projected water supply adequacy and water system needs. Eight municipal water suppliers- Fleming-Neon Water Company, Whitesburg Municipal Water, Hindman Municipal Water Works, Hazard Water Department, Jackson Municipal Water Works, Booneville Water and Sewer, and Manchester Water Works- and three purchasing districts: Vicco …

Task V Report- Estimation Of The Responsiveness Of Water Use To Changes In Rates: A Methodology And Final Estimates Using Kawc Data, G. Blomquist, W. Hoyt

KWRRI Research Reports

No abstract provided.

Kybasin: A Water Supply Assessment Model For The Kentucky River Basin, J. Herman, L. Ormsbee

KWRRI Research Reports

KYBASIN is a computer model developed for the Kentucky River Authority by the Kentucky Water Reource Research Institute (KWRRI) for the express purpose of simulating the Kentucky River Basin under a severe drought. The model was developed as part of the KWRRI Kentucky River Basin Water Supply Assessment Study. This study was authorized by the KRA in a contract with the KWRRI dated April 1, 1995. Ownership of the model is exclusively that of the Authority and specific rules governing KYBASIN'S distribution or license agreement nay be applicable. It is strongly recommended the user contact the Authority concerning this matter …

Kyrom: A Drought Management Model For The Kentucky River Basin Users Manual, J. Herman, L. Ormsbee

KWRRI Research Reports

The Kentucky River Operation and Management model is a computer application developed for the Kentucky River Authority by the Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute (KWRRI) for the purpose of simulating the Kentucky River Basin during drought periods. The model was developed as part of the KWRRI Kentucky River Basin Water Supply Assessment Study. This study was authorized by the KRA in a contract with the KWRRI dated April 1, 1995. Ownership of the model is exclusively that of the Authority and specific rules governing KYROM's distribution or license agreement may be applicable. It is strongly recommended the user contact the …

Task L Report: Summary And Evaluation Of Water Supply Studies For The Kentucky River Basin, L. Ormsbee, J. Herman, G. Blomquist, W. Hoyt

KWRRI Research Reports

This report provides a review and critique of previous water supply studies for the Kentucky River Basin. The main focus of the review is on the 1990 Harza study, entitled Phase 1 Report: Water Demands and Water Supply Yield and Deficit.

Task Lll Report: Deficit Analysis, L. Ormsbee, J. Herman

KWRRI Research Reports

This report summarizes the water supply deficit results of Phase lll of the KWRRI Kentucky River Basin Water Supply Assessment Study commissioned by the Kentucky River Authority. The purpose of Phase lll is to quantify water supply in the Kentucky River Basin during a severe drought for the existing supply system/resources under current and projected demand forecasts. A quantification of the susceptibility of the basin to a severe drought is necessary for the Authority to properly develop a long-range water supply plan.

This is part 3 of a three part Assessment Study of the River basin water supply.

Task I Report: Summary And Evaluation Of Previous Water Supply Studies For The Kentucky River Basin, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute

KWRRI Research Reports

This report summarizes the results of Task I of the KWRRI Kentucky River Basin Water Supply Assessment Study.The KWRRI study was requested by the Kentucky River Authority in order to provide a basis for management decisions for the Kentucky River Basin. This study was necessitated as a result of unexamined or changing conditions that could significantly impact the conclusions and recommendations of the previous HARZA studies (Harza, et al, 1990; Harza, et al, 1991).

Fish Lateral Line Neurophysiological And Neurobehavioral Responses As A Sensitive Water Quality Monitoring System, Hong Y. Yan

KWRRI Research Reports

Cadmium is a heavy metal ion that can cause deleterious effects on aquatic animals. This study uses both electrophysiological recordings from lateral line nerves and videotaping of schooling behavior to investigate the effects of cadmium exposure on fish. The fathead minnows were exposed to cadmium at a concentration of 450 μg/1 over a 24-hr period. Extracellular recording with a silver hook electrode was used to record compound action potentials from the lateral lines of control and experimental fish. After a short time exposure (24 hr) to cadmium ions, all of the electrophysiological activities of the lateral line nerves were suppressed. …

Potential For Crop Residue To Restrict Herbicide Movement In Surface From Water Corn And Soybean Fields, William W. Witt

KWRRI Research Reports

As no-tillage and other conservation tillage practices continue to increase, it is important to have knowledge of herbicide adsorption on crop residue with regard to the potential for the herbicide to be removed from the residue and move with runoff water from the field into nearby surface waters. Previous research had compared herbicide adsorption to various residues, but it was difficult to make comparisons among these studies because the residues were from different crops or the amount of residue decomposition was different. The amount of "weathering" or "aging" of the residue at the time of herbicide treatment could alter the …

Technical Appendix To Task Iii Report: Deficit Algorythm Methodology, J. Herman, L. Ormsbee

KWRRI Research Reports

This appendix contains a detailed description of the algorithm used by the KYBASIN model to quantify water supply deficits in the Kentucky River Basin. This document is an attachment to the report entitled Task III Report-Deficit Analysis (Ormsbee and Herman, 1996), which summarizes the water supply deficit results of Phase III of the KWRRI Kentucky River Basin Water Supply Assessment Study. The purpose of the study was to quantify water supply in the Kentucky River Basin during a severe drought for the existing supply system/resources under current and projected demand forecasts. The study was authorized by the Kentucky River Authority …

Task Ii Report: Part 1: Evaluation Of Water Supplies In The North, South, And Middle Fork Kentucky River Watersheds, D. I. Carey, L. G. Morris

KWRRI Research Reports

No abstract provided.

Task V Report: Development And Evaluation Of Water Supply Alternatives, L. Ormsbee, J. Herman

KWRRI Research Reports

This report documents the procedure and results of Task V of the KWRRI Kentucky River Water Supply Assessment Study. This was authorized by the Kentucky River Authority in a contract with the Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute dated April 1, 1995. The three major tasks of the study are outlined below:

Task I. Review and assess previous studies and finalize study plan.

Task II. Assess and forecast demand and availability of water by/for off-stem users (Including the upper forks of the Kentucky River.)

Task III. Assess and forecast demand and availability of water by/for off-stem users (Including the impacts of …

Task Iii Report: Water Use Estimation And Forecasting For The Kentucky River Basin, Glenn C. Blomquist, William Hoyt, D. Hu, C. Scott

KWRRI Research Reports

We estimate aggregate monthly water use for summer, peak demand and nonsummer off-peak demand periods for the Kentucky River Basin. Using Kentucky Division of Water use data, U.S. Census data for county demographic and economic conditions, and U.S. Weather Service data for weather conditions we estimate use for the 1970-1993 period. Our model allows for idiosyncratic effects of each of the 27 counties in the sample. We find factors such as population and manufacturing employment affect use and temperature and rainfall in current and preceding months effect use during the summer, peak period. The model predicts well within the sample …

Kentucky River Basin Water Supply Assessment Study, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute

KWRRI Research Reports

This report summarizes the results of task 1 of the KWRRI Kentucky River Basin Water Supply Assessment Study. The KWRRI study was requested by the Kentucky River Authority in order to provide a basis for management decisions for the Kentucky River Basin. This study was necessitated as a result of unexamined or changing conditions that could significantly impact the conclusions and recommendations of the previous HARZA studies (Harza, et al, 1990; Harza, et al, 1991.)

Among the unexamined or changed conditions are the following:

1. New population forecasts.

2. Impacts of water rates on consumption.

3. Impacts of demand curtailment …