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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Role Of Small-Impact-Parameter Electron-Loss Processes On Ion Temperatures Measured By Active-Beam Plasma Diagnostics, A. J.H. Donné, F. J. De Heer, Ronald E. Olson
The Role Of Small-Impact-Parameter Electron-Loss Processes On Ion Temperatures Measured By Active-Beam Plasma Diagnostics, A. J.H. Donné, F. J. De Heer, Ronald E. Olson
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
The shape of the energy distribution of scattered particles in an active beam scattering experiment can be influenced considerably by the presence of highly charged impurity ions in the plasma. In this work it is shown theoretically that multiply charged impurities have only a small effect on the scattering distribution at low energies (/amu) and at high energies (>75 keV/amu). The effect of the impurities is the most pronounced for energies close to 50 keV/amu. The results of the calculations are in good agreement with experimental results at various energies. Extrapolation to higher beam energies leads to the conclusion …
Study Of The Dependence Of The Electron Emission Spectra On The Projectile Charge In H⁺, He2++He Collisions, C. O. Reinhold, Ronald E. Olson
Study Of The Dependence Of The Electron Emission Spectra On The Projectile Charge In H⁺, He2++He Collisions, C. O. Reinhold, Ronald E. Olson
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
The classical trajectory Monte Carlo method (CTMC) has been used to calculate doubly differential ionized-electron cross sections for the impact of He2+ and H+ on He at collision energies of 50 and 100 keV amu-1. The results exhibit the capture to the continuum peak and agree in both shape and magnitude with experimental data. The dependence of the cross sections on the projectile charge ZP is analyzed and it is found to be very asymmetric with regard to the capture to the continuum peak. This behavior is in agreement with very recent experimental data. Large deviations from the Z2P scaling …
Analysis Of Experimental Nucleation Data For Silver And Sio Using Scaled Nucleation Theory, Barbara N. Hale, Paul R. Kemper, Joseph A. Nuth
Analysis Of Experimental Nucleation Data For Silver And Sio Using Scaled Nucleation Theory, Barbara N. Hale, Paul R. Kemper, Joseph A. Nuth
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
The experimental vapor phase nucleation data of Nuth et al., for silver [J. A. Nuth, K. A. Donnelly, B. Donn, and L. U. Lilleleht, J. Chem. Phys. 77, 2639 (1982)] and SiO [J. A. Nuth and B. Donn, J. Chem. Phys. 85, 1116 (1986)] are reanalyzed using a scaled model for homogeneous nucleation [B. N. Hale, Phys. Rev. A 33, 4156 (1986)]. The approximation is made that the vapor pressure at the nucleation site is not diminished significantly from that at the source (crucible). It is found that the data for ln S have a temperature dependence consistent with the …
Quantum Transport In The Presence Of Random Traps, John Wm Edwards, Paul Ernest Parris
Quantum Transport In The Presence Of Random Traps, John Wm Edwards, Paul Ernest Parris
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
We calculate the asymptotic decay of a quantum particle moving in a d-dimensional medium doped with randomly placed trapping impurities, focusing on contributions from slowly decaying long-wavelength modes centered in large compact regions devoid of traps. By averaging the decay over the statistical distribution associated with these regions we find that the survival probability, P(t) ~exp(-Atd/(d+3)), decays more slowly in any dimension than for diffusive transport.
One-Dimensional Quantum Transport In The Presence Of Traps, Paul Ernest Parris
One-Dimensional Quantum Transport In The Presence Of Traps, Paul Ernest Parris
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
A study is made of the survival probability P(t) for a quantum particle moving coherently on an ordered one-dimensional chain containing randomly placed irreversible traps in concentration q. We consider two separate models of the trapping process, focusing on the long-time limit of each. In the first model, intended to describe substitutional traps, the trapping impurities act as disruptive absorbing barriers which prevent further motion along the chain. For this model it is shown that -ln[P(t)]1/4t1/4. The second model is intended to describe interstitial trapping impurities which do not disrupt the transport. It is argued for this case …
Full Optical Potential For The Electron-Hydrogen Entrance Channel, Igor Bray, Don H. Madison, Ian E. Mccarthy
Full Optical Potential For The Electron-Hydrogen Entrance Channel, Igor Bray, Don H. Madison, Ian E. Mccarthy
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
Differential and total elastic and total reaction cross sections are calculated for electron-hydrogen scattering at 30, 100, and 400 eV using an ab initio optical potential that treats bound and continuum nonelastic channels in the distorted-wave Born approximation. Multichannel and partial wave expansions are carried out to numerical convergence. Convergence criteria and quadratures for the continuum-energy integration are chosen for 1% overall accuracy. Results are compared with experiment and less detailed calculations.
Resonant Dielectronic And Direct Excitation In Crystal Channels, Sheldon Datz, Charles Randy Vane, Peter F. Dittner, J. P. Giese, J. C. Gomez Del Campo, N. L. Jones, Herbert F. Krause, Philip D. Miller, Michael Schulz, Harald Schone, Thomas M. Rosseel
Resonant Dielectronic And Direct Excitation In Crystal Channels, Sheldon Datz, Charles Randy Vane, Peter F. Dittner, J. P. Giese, J. C. Gomez Del Campo, N. L. Jones, Herbert F. Krause, Philip D. Miller, Michael Schulz, Harald Schone, Thomas M. Rosseel
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
We have observed dielectronic and direct excitation of H-like S15+ and Ca19+ and He-like Ti20+ ions in silicon channels caused by collision with weakly bound target electrons which behave as a free-electron gas. As in vacuo, relaxation of the doubly excited states can occur radiatively leading to ions of decreased charge, but in a crystal channel collisional effects can cause double ionization. The effects are seen in both the x-ray yields and charge-state fractions, and, in the case of Ti20+, in charge-state x-ray coincidences.
Single And Double-Electron Removal From H− In Energetic Collisions With Multiply-Charged Argon Ions, F. Melchert, W. Debus, M. Liehr, Ronald E. Olson, E. Salzborn
Single And Double-Electron Removal From H− In Energetic Collisions With Multiply-Charged Argon Ions, F. Melchert, W. Debus, M. Liehr, Ronald E. Olson, E. Salzborn
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
Absolute cross-sections have been measured and compared to CTMC-calculations for single and double-electron removal from H− in collisions with Arq+ ions (q ≤ 8) at Ec.m. = 50 keV. The single-electron removal cross-sections are found to scale with q1.3, and for the H− + Ar4+ system, this cross-section is found to have a weak energy dependence from 3 keV to 100 keV. A major implication of our measurements is that plasma neutralizers based on multiply charged ions for high-efficiency conversion of intense H− beams into H0 gain little in expected reduced …
Long-Range Hopping In Substitutionally Disordered Solids, Paul Ernest Parris
Long-Range Hopping In Substitutionally Disordered Solids, Paul Ernest Parris
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
A theoretical approach for studying charge-carrier and energy diffusion due to long-range hopping in substitutionally disordered solids is presented. Unlike some earlier theories, which invoke a pair approximation to treat back-transfer processes, the current theory makes use of the exact solution to an appropriate single-defect problemone in which long-range jumps into, out of, and between both the defect site and all other active sites in the lattice are explicitly included. From this exact solution a new long-range effective-medium theory is constructed to describe the configurationally averaged transport properties of the disordered system.
Spectroscopy Of The 6p3/2Np States Of Barium, J. Greg Story, E. G. Yap, William E. Cooke
Spectroscopy Of The 6p3/2Np States Of Barium, J. Greg Story, E. G. Yap, William E. Cooke
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
The 6p3/2np states of barium have been observed for n values between 14 and 21. The energies, linewidths, and transition strengths have been measured and characterized in terms of one- and two-electron interactions, using a single-configuration approximation.
Shake-Off Measurements Of Electron-Ion-Scattering Phase Shifts, J. Greg Story, William E. Cooke
Shake-Off Measurements Of Electron-Ion-Scattering Phase Shifts, J. Greg Story, William E. Cooke
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
Continuum electrons are produced in a specific l state with high-energy resolution using shake-off photoionization. This process is well characterized, so that the photoionization signal is an accurate measurement of the difference between the continuum electrons wave-function phase and that produced by a hydrogenic interaction. Measurements are reported showing the phase of a Ba++e- in a d wave, in cases where it is well behaved, and in cases where doubly excited resonances produce rapid phase variations.
Electron-Electron Interactions In Transfer And Excitation In F⁸⁺ →₂ Collisions, Michael Schulz, J. P. Giese, J. K. Swenson, Sheldon Datz, Peter F. Dittner, Herbert F. Krause, Harald Schone, Charles Randy Vane, Malika Benhenni, Stephen M. Shafroth
Electron-Electron Interactions In Transfer And Excitation In F⁸⁺ →₂ Collisions, Michael Schulz, J. P. Giese, J. K. Swenson, Sheldon Datz, Peter F. Dittner, Herbert F. Krause, Harald Schone, Charles Randy Vane, Malika Benhenni, Stephen M. Shafroth
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
We have measured projectile Auger electrons emitted after collisions of H-like F with H2. The cross sections for emission of KLL, KLM, KLN, and KLO Auger electrons show maxima as a function of the projectile energy. One maximum in the KLL emission cross section is due to resonant transfer and excitation. A second maximum in the cross section for KLL emission as well as the maxima in the emission cross section for the higher-n Auger electrons are attributed to a new transfer and excitation process. This involves excitation of a projectile electron by one target electron accompanied by …
Condensation Coefficient Measurement For Water In The Umr Cloud Simulation Chamber, Donald E. Hagen, John L. Schmitt, Max B. Trueblood, John C. Carstens, Daniel R. White, Darryl J. Alofs
Condensation Coefficient Measurement For Water In The Umr Cloud Simulation Chamber, Donald E. Hagen, John L. Schmitt, Max B. Trueblood, John C. Carstens, Daniel R. White, Darryl J. Alofs
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
A systematic series of condensation coefficient measurements of water have been made using the University of Missouri-Rolla cooled-wall expansion chamber which simulates the thermodynamics of cloud. This coefficient is seen to decrease from a value near unity, at the outset of simulation, to a value in the neighborhood of 0.01 toward the end of a simulation. Final values of this coefficient are sufficiently low as to contribute significantly to the broadening of the drop-size distribution in cloud.
One-Dimensional Trapping Kinetics At Zero Temperature, Paul Ernest Parris
One-Dimensional Trapping Kinetics At Zero Temperature, Paul Ernest Parris
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
The asymptotic decay of the survival probability is calculated for a quantum particle moving at zero temperature on a one-dimensional tight-binding chain possessing randomly placed irreversible traps of strength γ. The survival probability exhibits a decay, P(t) ~ exp(-At1/4), which is slower than that associated with a diffusing particle.
Measured Spectra Of The Hygroscopic Fraction Of Atmospheric Aerosol Particles, Darryl J. Alofs, Donald E. Hagen, Max B. Trueblood
Measured Spectra Of The Hygroscopic Fraction Of Atmospheric Aerosol Particles, Darryl J. Alofs, Donald E. Hagen, Max B. Trueblood
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
The relation between dry diameter (X0) and critical supersaturation (Sc) for atmospheric submicron aerosol particles is investigated using a long term air sampling program at Rolla, Missouri. The particles are passed through an electrostatic aerosol size classifier, and then through an isothermal haze chamber. Results are reported in terms of an apparent volume fraction of soluble material, εv defined such that for particles composed only of ammonium sulfate and water insoluble compounds, εv is the actual volume fraction of soluble material. The probability distribution of εv is found to be approximately Gaussian in …
Elastic Angular Differential Cross Sections For Quasi-One-Electron Collision Systems At Intermediate Energies: (Na⁺, Li⁺)+H And (Mg⁺, Be⁺)+He, Jerry Peacher, E. Redd, Denver G. Seely, Timothy Gay, D. M. Blankenship, John T. Park
Elastic Angular Differential Cross Sections For Quasi-One-Electron Collision Systems At Intermediate Energies: (Na⁺, Li⁺)+H And (Mg⁺, Be⁺)+He, Jerry Peacher, E. Redd, Denver G. Seely, Timothy Gay, D. M. Blankenship, John T. Park
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
Measurements of elastic angular differential cross sections have been carried out for four quasi-one-electron collision systems at intermediate energies. Data are presented for Na++H collisions at laboratory energies of 35.94, 51.75, 63.89, and 143.75 keV, for Li++H collisions at energies of 19.44 and 43.75 keV, for Mg++He collisions at energies of 30, 66.7, and 150 keV, and for Be++He collisions at an energy of 56.25 keV. The highest energy in each case corresponds to a projectile velocity of (1/2 a.u. Born and Eikonal calculations, in which we model the projectile ion as …
Classical Two-Center Effects In Ejected-Electron Spectra From P+, P-, And He2++He Collisions At Intermediate Energies, C. O. Reinhold, Ronald E. Olson
Classical Two-Center Effects In Ejected-Electron Spectra From P+, P-, And He2++He Collisions At Intermediate Energies, C. O. Reinhold, Ronald E. Olson
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
Doubly and singly differential cross sections for electron emission have been calculated by means of the classical trajectory Monte Carlo method for the p+, p-, and He2++He systems at impact energies of 50 and 100 keV/amu. The calculations for the p+ and He2++He systems exhibit the capture to the continuum peak and agree in both shape and magnitude with experimental data. Analysis of the classical trajectories has helped to understand the dynamical formation of this peak. The dependence of the cross sections on the projectile charge (-1, +1, and +2) is analyzed and …
Exciton Diffusion At Finite Frequency: Luminescence Observables For Anisotropic Percolating Solids, Paul Ernest Parris
Exciton Diffusion At Finite Frequency: Luminescence Observables For Anisotropic Percolating Solids, Paul Ernest Parris
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
A study is made of the luminescence intensities associated with exciton diffusion and trapping on a three-dimensional anisotropic percolating lattice. The calculation is based upon a relationship that exists between the frequency dependent diffusion tensor at frequencies comparable to the inverse excitation lifetime, and luminescence observables such as the host and trap luminescence intensities for conditions of constant illumination. The present approach allows the study of crossover behavior in percolative systems that are of intermediate transport dimensionality 2 < dt < 3. Our results suggest that curvature seen in luminescence observables near the transition need not always be a direct reflection of the critical indices associated with classical isotropic percolation. We have identified three possible sources of deviation from the classical behavior: (1) the radiative time scale of the luminescence measurements, (2) the functional dependence of the luminescence yields on the diffusion tensor, and (3) the demands of dimensional crossover in the critical region arising from the anisotropy of the medium.
Mössbauer Effect Studies Of Nd₂Fe₁₄₋ₓsiₓb And Y₃Fe₁₄₋ₓsiₓb, Oran Allan Pringle, Gary J. Long, G. K. Marasinghe, William Joseph James, Antoni T. Pedziwiatr, W. E. Wallace, Fernande Grandjean
Mössbauer Effect Studies Of Nd₂Fe₁₄₋ₓsiₓb And Y₃Fe₁₄₋ₓsiₓb, Oran Allan Pringle, Gary J. Long, G. K. Marasinghe, William Joseph James, Antoni T. Pedziwiatr, W. E. Wallace, Fernande Grandjean
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
No abstract provided.
Multiple-Ionization Collision Dynamics, R. (Ronald) E. Olson, J. Ullrich, H. Schmidt-Böcking
Multiple-Ionization Collision Dynamics, R. (Ronald) E. Olson, J. Ullrich, H. Schmidt-Böcking
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
The 1.4-MeV/u U32++Ne collision system is studied in detail in order to elucidate the dynamics of multiple ionization in energetic, heavy-ion atom collisions. Differential cross sections versus recoil-ion charge state, calculated by the n-body classical-trajectory Monte Carlo method, are presented for the and cphi angle dependences of the projectile, recoil ion, and ejected electrons. The calculations show a high degree of ejected-electron asymmetry towards the projectile side of the target nucleus which strongly effects the transverse-momentum balance between the heavy particles. Experimental and calculated cross sections differential in the recoil-ion charge state and transverse momentum are found to …
High-Temperature Defect Structure Of Nb-Doped Lacro3, Chikung J. Yu, Harlan U. Anderson, Don M. Sparlin
High-Temperature Defect Structure Of Nb-Doped Lacro3, Chikung J. Yu, Harlan U. Anderson, Don M. Sparlin
Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Electrical conductivity and Seebeck measurements on LaCr0.98Nb0.02CrO3 show that the defect structure of the material is mainly controlled by the extrinsic electrons formed by the Nb donors through the electronic compensation process. The experimental results also indicate that this material conducts electricity via a small polaron mechanism with an electron mobility around 0.004-0.01 cm2/V sec between 1100 and 1300°C. © 1989.
Measured Spectra Of The Hygroscopic Fraction Of Atmospheric Aerosol Particles, Darryl J. Alofs, Donald E. Hagen, Max B. Trueblood
Measured Spectra Of The Hygroscopic Fraction Of Atmospheric Aerosol Particles, Darryl J. Alofs, Donald E. Hagen, Max B. Trueblood
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
The Relation between Dry Diameter (Xo) and Critical Supersaturation (Sc) for Atmospheric Submicron Aerosol Particles is Investigated. the Particles Are Passed through an Electrostatic Aerosol Size Classifier, and Then through an Isothermal Haze Chamber. Results Are Reported in Terms of an Apparent Volume Fraction of Soluble Material, Εv, Defined Such that for Particles Composed Only of Ammonium Sulfate and Water Insoluble Compounds, Εv is the Actual Volume Fraction of Soluble Material. the Probability Distribution of Εv is Found to Be Approximately Gaussian in the Εv Range 0.2 to 1.3. the Mean Εv is 0.5, for Electrostatic Aerosol Classifier Settings of …
Single- And Double-Ionization Cross Sections For Angular Scattering Of Fast Protons By Helium, R. (Ronald) E. Olson, J. Ullrich, R. Dörner, H. Schmidt-Böcking
Single- And Double-Ionization Cross Sections For Angular Scattering Of Fast Protons By Helium, R. (Ronald) E. Olson, J. Ullrich, R. Dörner, H. Schmidt-Böcking
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
The angular scattering of H+ by He has been investigated for single ionization at energies of 0.5, 1.0, and 3.0 MeV; and for double ionization at 1.0 MeV. The classical-trajectory Monte Carlo method has been used within one- and two-electron models to illustrate the collision dynamics. The angular differential single-ionization cross sections are in good agreement with experiment and display the combined effects of proton scattering from the He nucleus and its electrons. The relative fraction of double ionization, as a function of scattering angle, shows a maximum at 0.9 mrad that is in agreement with the experiments of …
Large-Angle Scattering In Positron-Helium And Positron-Krypton Collisions, D. R. Schultz, C. O. Reinhold, Ronald E. Olson
Large-Angle Scattering In Positron-Helium And Positron-Krypton Collisions, D. R. Schultz, C. O. Reinhold, Ronald E. Olson
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
We have calculated differential cross sections as a function of the projectile scattering angle for positron-helium and positron-krypton collisions using the classical-trajectory Monte Carlo technique. These intermediate- velocity collisions have been simulated by various independent-electron and n-electron models, using both screened Coulomb and quantum model potentials to approximate the effects of electron-electron interactions. These several models all indicate that scattering of positrons to large angles in ionizing collisions persists to high impact velocities. In a previous work [Phys. Rev. A 38, 1866 (1988)] we proposed that the recent experiments that have measured the total cross section for positronium formation could …
Oxidation-Reduction Behavior Of Undoped And Sr-Doped Lamno3 Nonstoichiometry And Defect Structure, J. H. Kuo, Harlan U. Anderson, Don M. Sparlin
Oxidation-Reduction Behavior Of Undoped And Sr-Doped Lamno3 Nonstoichiometry And Defect Structure, J. H. Kuo, Harlan U. Anderson, Don M. Sparlin
Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Undoped and Sr-doped LaMnO3 showed reversible oxidation-reduction behavior. These perovskites can be excess, stoichiometric or deficient in oxygen content depending on the specific conditions. Under very reducing conditions decomposition into new phases occurs. Phase stabilities for these oxides were determined. The results showed that Sr doping caused the LaMnO3 to dissociate at higher oxygen activities than those necessary for undoped LaMnO3. Defect models are proposed to interpret the thermogravimetric results in which metal vacancies are assumed for the oxygen excess condition and oxygen vacancies are assumed for the oxygen deficient condition. Thermodynamic properties were calculated which …
Three-Body Interactions In Proton-Helium Angular Scattering, R. Dörner, J. Ullrich, H. Schmidt-Böcking, Ronald E. Olson
Three-Body Interactions In Proton-Helium Angular Scattering, R. Dörner, J. Ullrich, H. Schmidt-Böcking, Ronald E. Olson
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
H++He scattering at 0.5 MeV has been investigated using a coincidence technique that completely determines the three-body transverse momentum exchange in single ionization collisions. Three scattering regions could be distinctly recognized that are dominated by proton"helium-nucleus, proton-electron, or electron"helium-nucleus interactions. Calculations and the experimental data show that the coupling between the electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom is required to understand the dynamics for more than 97% of the ionizing collisions. © 1989 The American Physical Society.
Strong Continuum-Continuum Couplings In The Direct Ionization Of Ar And He Atoms By 6-Mev/U U38+ And Th38+ Projectiles, D. Schneider, D. Dewitt, A. S. Schlachter, Ronald E. Olson, W. G. Graham, J. R. Mowat, R. (Robert) D. Dubois, D. H. Loyd, V. Montemayor, G. Schiwietz
Strong Continuum-Continuum Couplings In The Direct Ionization Of Ar And He Atoms By 6-Mev/U U38+ And Th38+ Projectiles, D. Schneider, D. Dewitt, A. S. Schlachter, Ronald E. Olson, W. G. Graham, J. R. Mowat, R. (Robert) D. Dubois, D. H. Loyd, V. Montemayor, G. Schiwietz
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
Doubly differential cross sections have been measured as a function of the electron energy and observation angle for electron emission following collisions of 6-MeV/u U38+ and Th38+ on He and Ar. The electron-emission data show an enhancement at forward angles and a decrease at backward angles with respect to scaled-cross-section results based on the Born approximation. Comparison with classical-trajectory Monte Carlo calculations suggests that the deviation from the Born approximation can be explained by continuum-continuum couplings. By comparing with previously published data, we found that the forward enhancement as well as the backward decrease follow a q/vp (q,vp …
N, L Distributions For Electron-Capture From H(1s) By C⁶⁺And O8+, Ronald E. Olson, D. R. Schultz
N, L Distributions For Electron-Capture From H(1s) By C⁶⁺And O8+, Ronald E. Olson, D. R. Schultz
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
Total cross sections for electron-capture from the ground state of hydrogen by C6+(40, 50, 60, 80, 100 and 120 keV/u) and O8+(40, 50, 60, 80, 100, 120 and 140keV/u) have been calculated using the classical-trajectory Monte Carlo (CTMC) technique. We tabulate these cross sections as a function of projectile energy for (i) capture to all product states, (ii) capture to product n-levels, and (iii) capture to product n, l-levels. The results of these calculations agree with and extend previous CTMC n, ldistribution results. © 1989 IOP Publishing Ltd.
Electron Removal From Molecular Hydrogen By Fully Stripped Ions At Intermediate Energies, L. Meng, C. O. Reinhold, Ronald E. Olson
Electron Removal From Molecular Hydrogen By Fully Stripped Ions At Intermediate Energies, L. Meng, C. O. Reinhold, Ronald E. Olson
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
A classical phase-space model of the hydrogen molecule is presented and applied to the study of the electron-capture and -ionization processes in collisions of fully stripped ions with H2 at intermediate impact energies and charge states from 1 to 10. The model is based on the independent-electron and the impact-parameter approximations. The electron impinging-ion and electron target-nuclei interactions are exactly taken into account. The interaction between the electrons is approximated by model potentials. The calculated total cross sections for production of free electrons and capture of one electron are in good agreement with different experimental data. The ratio between the …