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Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons™
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- Keyword
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- Fluvial geomorphology (8)
- Geomorphology (6)
- Disturbance (3)
- Legacy sediment (3)
- Mining (3)
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- Missouri (3)
- Ozark Highlands (3)
- Ozarks (3)
- Sediment transport (3)
- Aerial photograph (2)
- Channelization (2)
- Headwater streams (2)
- Lead (2)
- Logging (2)
- Missouri Ozarks (2)
- Sediment contamination (2)
- Sedimentation rates (2)
- Stream bank erosion (2)
- Zinc (2)
- Aerial photography (1)
- Bank Erosion (1)
- Bar deposition (1)
- Bars (1)
- Beach erosion rates (1)
- Bed-load mobility (1)
- Bedrock influence (1)
- Big River (1)
- Black Warrior basin (1)
- Buffalo River (1)
- Buried a-horizon (1)
Articles 1 - 26 of 26
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Beach Erosion And Recovery Since Hurricane Ivan In 2004 Along A Headland-Bay Coast In Treasure Beach, Jamaica, Elandé Engelbrecht
Beach Erosion And Recovery Since Hurricane Ivan In 2004 Along A Headland-Bay Coast In Treasure Beach, Jamaica, Elandé Engelbrecht
MSU Graduate Theses
Anthropogenic climate change is causing sea-level rise and shoreline changes that threaten the environment and economy of coastal communities in Caribbean Island nations. To assess this risk, this study quantifies shoreline changes at Treasure Beach in St. Elizabeth Parish on the south coast of Jamaica from 2001 to 2023. The effects of storm events on erosion were also assessed. Over 10 km of shoreline are assessed with about half being sandy pocket beaches ranging from 300 to 900 m in length, separated by rocky headlands and beach rock outcrops. Sand beach erosion trends since 2001 are assessed for seven sandy …
Geology Of The Bishop 7.5-Minute Quadrangle And Geophysical Modeling To Constrain Syndepositional Deformation Of The Black Warrior Foreland Basin, Joseph Edward Lane
Geology Of The Bishop 7.5-Minute Quadrangle And Geophysical Modeling To Constrain Syndepositional Deformation Of The Black Warrior Foreland Basin, Joseph Edward Lane
MSU Graduate Theses
The Black Warrior basin is a foreland basin formed by the Ouachita–Appalachian orogeny during the late Paleozoic Era. Mississippian strata record the transition from the carbonate platform within the Tuscumbia Limestone to the clastic-rich units within the overlying Pride Mountain Formation and Hartselle Sandstone. The western and southern-most fringes of the Black Warrior basin are covered by thin, post orogenic Cretaceous sediments of the East Gulf Coastal Plain. Geological mapping of the Bishop 7.5-Minute quadrangle revealed subtle deformation in Mississippian strata in the form of gentle folds (
Historical Channel Evolution And Human Modifications Of Blue River Near Kansas City Missouri, Katie Ann Grong
Historical Channel Evolution And Human Modifications Of Blue River Near Kansas City Missouri, Katie Ann Grong
MSU Graduate Theses
Channel form can respond to changes in flood regime and sediment load caused by land use and climate disturbances. In the eastern United States, widespread soil and vegetation disturbances in the 1800s during agricultural expansion increased runoff rates, flood magnitude and frequency, and sediment loads often causing major changes in channel activity and floodplain sedimentation in local streams. Investigating the historical evolution of a stream channel system including its floodplains can help to advance geomorphological theory and benefit environmental managers. This study documents human impacts on historical changes in channel and floodplain widths since the early to middle 1800s in …
Recent Climate Change Influence On Flood Magnitude And Frequency, Channel Widening, And Bar Deposition In Big River, Missouri Ozarks, Patrick Saulys
Recent Climate Change Influence On Flood Magnitude And Frequency, Channel Widening, And Bar Deposition In Big River, Missouri Ozarks, Patrick Saulys
MSU Graduate Theses
Climate and land use can control the flood regime of a river and regulate channel form and size over periods of decades to centuries. Recent climate change has increased rainfall intensity and flood magnitude/frequency in many watersheds in the midwestern United States. Thus, river channels affected by more frequent and larger floods are expected to respond by increasing width (or depth) by fluvial erosion to accommodate larger peak discharges. This hypothesis was evaluated along 186 km of the Big River in southeast Missouri by analysis of historical aerial photography, precipitation studies, and United States Geological Survey (USGS) flow gage records. …
Mining-Contaminated Sediment And Metal Storage In Channel Deposits In Turkey Creek, Tri-State Mining District, Missouri And Kansas, Max Quinn Hillermann
Mining-Contaminated Sediment And Metal Storage In Channel Deposits In Turkey Creek, Tri-State Mining District, Missouri And Kansas, Max Quinn Hillermann
MSU Graduate Theses
The Joplin subdistrict, within the Tri-State Mining District (TSMD), was a major producer of lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) ore between the 1880s to 1920s. Metalliferous mining wastes are still stored in the channel deposits of local streams raising environmental and health concerns. This study quantifies the volume, sediment size, and metal concentrations in channel bed, bar, bench, and chute deposits to quantify the spatial variability of contaminated sediment storage in Turkey Creek (119 km2). Sample reaches (n=14) contained metal concentrations elevated above the Tri-State Mining District specific probable effects concentration at every site with mean concentrations in …
Downstream Dispersal Of Fine Tailings, Chat And Metals In Channel Sediment Of Big River, Old Lead Belt, Southeast Missouri, Jennifer Pace Witt
Downstream Dispersal Of Fine Tailings, Chat And Metals In Channel Sediment Of Big River, Old Lead Belt, Southeast Missouri, Jennifer Pace Witt
MSU Graduate Theses
In St. François County, Missouri, compromised above-ground tailings piles and containment ponds from historical mining activities in the Old Lead Belt released considerable amounts of dolomitic, Pb- and Zn-contaminated waste sediments to the Big River, contributing to significant downstream floodplain and channel sediment contamination. Previous studies have documented the effects of heavy metals on Big River biota and water quality, as well as benthic habitat disruption resulting from the influx of small sediments. Few have considered the effects and future contamination risk of the coarse waste sediments (2-16 mm in diameter), locally called “chat”, which retain high Pb and Zn …
Historical Changes Of Channel Width In A Headwater Stream System, Mark Twain National Forest, Missouri, Sierra N. Casagrand
Historical Changes Of Channel Width In A Headwater Stream System, Mark Twain National Forest, Missouri, Sierra N. Casagrand
MSU Graduate Theses
It is well known that watershed disturbances due to land clearing and agricultural settlement during the early 1800s changed the hydrology and geomorphology of stream systems in the Midwestern USA. However, little is known about the impacts of historical logging on stream systems in forested watersheds. This study evaluates channel width measurements from 38 General Land Office (GLO) surveys completed in 1821, aerial photographs from the 1930’s to present, and LiDAR imagery from 2016/17 to evaluate changes in channel morphology in Big Barren Creek in Mark Twain National Forest in the Ozarks Highlands of southeast Missouri. The area was heavily …
Field Measurements Of Bed-Load Transport Distances Using Painted Sediment Tracers In An Urban Stream In The Missouri Ozarks, Kristen E. Breckenridge
Field Measurements Of Bed-Load Transport Distances Using Painted Sediment Tracers In An Urban Stream In The Missouri Ozarks, Kristen E. Breckenridge
MSU Graduate Theses
Predictions of bed-load mobility and transport in stream channels are useful for restoration and management purposes. This study uses native gravel tracers to determine transport distances for bed-load in an urban stream in the Ozark Highlands. The objectives of this project are to: (i) determine downstream transport distances of painted tracers of different sizes over a range of flow conditions; (ii) evaluate the influence of channel morphology and thalweg location on transport; and (iii) compare field results to those predicted by mobility equations. The study site is located on South Creek, which drains Springfield, Missouri. The study reach is 132 …
Stream Bank And Bar Erosion Contributions And Land Use Influence On Suspended Sediment Loads In Two Ozark Watersheds, Southeast Missouri, Kayla Ann Coonen
Stream Bank And Bar Erosion Contributions And Land Use Influence On Suspended Sediment Loads In Two Ozark Watersheds, Southeast Missouri, Kayla Ann Coonen
MSU Graduate Theses
In-channel sources and storages of fine-sediment such as in banks and bars can influence sediment loads and overall geomorphic activity in stream systems. However, in-channel processes and effects on sediment load are rarely quantified in geomorphic or water quality studies. This study uses a sediment budget approach to assess the influence of bank erosion and bar deposition on fine sediment loads in Mineral Fork (491 km2) and Mill Creek (133 km2) watersheds located in the Ozark Highlands in Washington County, Missouri. These watersheds were disturbed by historical lead and barite mining which included the construction of …
Step-Pool Channel Morphology, Forcing Effects, And Geomorphic Classification In The Ozark Highlands, Se Missouri, Triston Ralland Rice
Step-Pool Channel Morphology, Forcing Effects, And Geomorphic Classification In The Ozark Highlands, Se Missouri, Triston Ralland Rice
MSU Graduate Theses
Understanding headwater streams and their morphology is inherently difficult in contrast to larger streams in downstream valleys. Geomorphic forcing can occur over short distances (<10 >m) and influence channel geometry due to geologic factors such as colluvial inputs and resistant bedrock or biologic factors such as fluvial wood inputs and tree growth in the channel. How and where these geomorphic variables effect step-pool channel characteristics is poorly understood in the Ozark Highlands. Step-pool channel form is typically controlled by gradient, substrate characteristics, and sediment supply. This study reports on a geomorphic assessment of step-pool characteristics and classifies channel form using …
Quantifying The Effectiveness Of Cedar Revetment In Mitigating Bank Erosion In Riceford Creek, Minnesota, Talia A. Klein
Quantifying The Effectiveness Of Cedar Revetment In Mitigating Bank Erosion In Riceford Creek, Minnesota, Talia A. Klein
MSU Graduate Theses
Southeastern Minnesota has incised streams that are susceptible to bank erosion. Previously, efforts have been made to identify sections of Riceford Creek that have high erosion susceptibility using the Bank Erosion Hazard Index (BEHI). Locally harvested cedars were then used as a revetment strategy to mitigate erosion of the stream banks prioritized by the BEHI analysis. This study aims to 1) determine if cedar revetment effectively mitigates bank erosion in Riceford Creek and 2) determine if the BEHI method is an effective way of quantifying erosion hazard in Riceford Creek. This study focuses on two sections in Riceford Creek where …
Historical Floodplain Sedimentation Rates Using Mining Contaminant Profiles, Cesium-137, And Sediment Source Indicators Along The Lower Big River, Jefferson County, Missouri, Miranda M. Jordan
MSU Graduate Theses
Floodplain sedimentology and geochemistry can indicate the age of sediment layers to evaluate the history of human-caused sedimentation in a watershed. While the Ozark Highlands of Missouri has had a long history of settlement and land disturbance beginning in the early 1800s, there are few studies that have investigated the effects of these anthropogenic activities on river form and legacy sedimentation. The goal of this study is to characterize the sediment properties and geochemical trends in post-settlement floodplain deposits along lower Big River in Jefferson County, Missouri. This study evaluated trends of sediment properties at 3 cm intervals in a …
Geomorphic And Land Use Controls On Headwater Channel Morphology In Mark Twain National Forest, Grace F. Roman
Geomorphic And Land Use Controls On Headwater Channel Morphology In Mark Twain National Forest, Grace F. Roman
MSU Graduate Theses
Prescribed burning has been used over the past two decades to manage forests and restore shortleaf pine-oak woodlands in Mark Twain National Forest (MTNF). While soil studies have been completed, no assessments of burning practices on small drainage channel systems have yet been done. Headwater streams may account for more than two-thirds of total stream length and are important to the maintenance of hydrologic connectivity in watersheds. This study’s focus is on understanding the relationship between frequency of forest burning and channel morphology (size, shape, and substrate) of headwater streams (km2). A combination of field measurements, geo-processing methods, …
Historical Land Use Influence On Fine-Grained Sedimentation In Channel And Floodplain Deposits In A Forested Missouri Ozark Watershed, Katy Nicole Reminga
Historical Land Use Influence On Fine-Grained Sedimentation In Channel And Floodplain Deposits In A Forested Missouri Ozark Watershed, Katy Nicole Reminga
MSU Graduate Theses
Hydrologic disturbances due to land use and climate effects can disrupt river form and increase sediment transport. Ozark streams have been experiencing the effects of accelerated channel erosion on coarse sediment delivery and gravel bar deposition since the onset of early European settlement in the late 1800’s. Little attention has focused on understanding the fate of fine-grained sediment released by upland soil and headwater channel erosion and the potential for storage as legacy deposits on floodplains. Legacy deposits are attributed to human disturbances as the result of land clearing and agriculture that increase runoff, soil erosion, flooding, and sediment supply …
Stream Channel Morphology And Riparian Forest Response To A 500-Year Flood In The Missouri Ozarks, Joshua William Hess
Stream Channel Morphology And Riparian Forest Response To A 500-Year Flood In The Missouri Ozarks, Joshua William Hess
MSU Graduate Theses
Climate change has increased the frequency of large floods in rivers draining the Ozark Highlands resulting in higher rates of channel sedimentation, bank erosion, and damage to infrastructure. This study assesses the effects of a large flood (>500-year RI) during April-May 2017 on riparian forests along six tributary streams in the North Fork of the White River watershed, Missouri. High-resolution (<8 >cm) Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) imagery collected after the flood was used to identify riparian forest flood damage. Measurements of riparian forest flood damage calculated from the UAV imagery were verified through field surveys of damaged riparian trees. …
Geomorphic Response To Catastrophic Flooding In A Karst Mountain Stream System, Brighton-Blue Hole Watershed, Southwest Jamaica, Sarah M. Letarte
Geomorphic Response To Catastrophic Flooding In A Karst Mountain Stream System, Brighton-Blue Hole Watershed, Southwest Jamaica, Sarah M. Letarte
MSU Graduate Theses
The geomorphic effects of flooding are poorly understood in the karst, mountain watersheds along the southwest coast of Jamaica. This study describes the flow path and geomorphic response of an extreme flood event in the Brighton-Blue Hole watershed (BBHW) (6.8 km2) near Belmont, Westmoreland, Jamaica. A tropical depression classified as a >100-year rainfall event produced 32 inches of rain in a 24 hour period in Westmoreland on June 12, 1979. For this study, geomorphic indicators of flood disturbance in BBHW were assessed in 2017-18, finding that channel system responded to the flood with channel incision, debris flows, and …
Geomorphic Effects Of Engineered Log Structures And Response To A Catastrophic Flood Event In A Missouri Ozarks River, Joseph S. Nash
Geomorphic Effects Of Engineered Log Structures And Response To A Catastrophic Flood Event In A Missouri Ozarks River, Joseph S. Nash
MSU Graduate Theses
Engineered log structures (ELSs) composed of local tree logs have been installed in river channels throughout the Pacific Northwest as a restoration technique. However, ELSs have not been tested for use in the Ozark Highlands until recently. In October 2016 the U.S. Forest Service installed four ELSs to stabilize banks along the North Fork of the White River in Ozark County, Missouri. The purpose here is to report on monitoring studies of pre- and post-restoration channel conditions and to assess geomorphic responses to floods. Over a ten-day period in April 2017 there were two bankfull floods, and on April 30, …
Spatial And Temporal Trends Of Mining-Related Lead-Zinc Sediment Contamination, Galena River Watershed, Sw Wisconsin-Nw Illinois, Dylan Alexander King
Spatial And Temporal Trends Of Mining-Related Lead-Zinc Sediment Contamination, Galena River Watershed, Sw Wisconsin-Nw Illinois, Dylan Alexander King
MSU Graduate Theses
Alluvial sediments within the Galena River Watershed were severely contaminated with heavy metals by historical zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) mining operations during the early 1800s until 1979. Since the mines closed, there have been efforts to remediate on-site mine waste. However, the effectiveness of these efforts to reduce metal concentrations in stream sediments is unknown. This study compares present-day (2017) contamination trends in the Galena River Watershed to trends reported 25 years ago. A total of 415 sediment/soil samples were collected and analyzed using X-ray florescence spectrometry to determine sediment metal concentrations. The highest concentrations of zinc measured were …
Geomorphic Disturbance And Anthropogenic Modifications In Big Barren Creek, Mark Twain National Forest, Southeast Missouri, Rachael A. Bradley
Geomorphic Disturbance And Anthropogenic Modifications In Big Barren Creek, Mark Twain National Forest, Southeast Missouri, Rachael A. Bradley
MSU Graduate Theses
This study investigates the influence of human disturbance on channel conditions in Big Barren Creek. The Big Barren watershed drains 191 km2 of the Ozark Highlands in southeast Missouri. Several segments of the creek have been channelized by levee construction and gravel mining. Approximately 27.2 km of the main stem of Barren Creek were assessed for 13 photo-years ranging from 1939 to 2014. Geomorphic classifications using channel conditions in aerial photographs and field observations were used to evaluate patterns of disturbance. While 52% of the creek is managed by private landowners, 81% of disturbed length occurs on private lands. Further, …
Geomorphic Characteristics And Sediment Transport In Natural And Channelized Reaches Of Big Barren Creek, Southeast Missouri, Matthew S. Thies
Geomorphic Characteristics And Sediment Transport In Natural And Channelized Reaches Of Big Barren Creek, Southeast Missouri, Matthew S. Thies
MSU Graduate Theses
Channelization, levee construction, and gravel mining are land management practices that are used for flood control. However, they often alter the balance between sediment supply and available sediment transporting power in streams, causing channel instability. Streams can respond to instability through channel incision and sediment aggradation which can degrade riparian habitat, increase flood risks, and cause property damage. These problems have been observed along segments of Big Barren Creek, which drains 190 km² of the Missouri Ozarks in Mark Twain National Forest. Field assessment and modeling methods were used to evaluate the spatial distribution of channel instability along the upper …
Geomorphic Effects Of Logging Railbeds On An Ozarks Headwater Stream, Mark Twain National Forest, Missouri, Nickolas S. Bradley
Geomorphic Effects Of Logging Railbeds On An Ozarks Headwater Stream, Mark Twain National Forest, Missouri, Nickolas S. Bradley
MSU Graduate Theses
Geomorphic characteristics of headwater streams draining the Missouri Ozarks have not been studied as much as larger rivers in the region. Further, while the effects of historical logging on channel form and sediment supply have been identified, no studies have investigated the effects of logging tramways constructed along Ozark headwater rivers. This study examines the geomorphic characteristics and channel disturbances of Tram Hollow (1.67 km2) within the Mark Twain National Forest in the Ozark Highlands. The purpose of this study is to classify and quantify natural and disturbed channel morphology in Tram Hollow which has been affected by …
Spatial Distribution And Geomorphic Factors Of Lead Contamination On Floodplains Affected By Historical Mining, Big Rover, S.E. Missouri, David Bower Huggins
Spatial Distribution And Geomorphic Factors Of Lead Contamination On Floodplains Affected By Historical Mining, Big Rover, S.E. Missouri, David Bower Huggins
MSU Graduate Theses
Historical mining in the Old Lead Belt resulted in lead (Pb) contamination of floodplain soils for over 170 km along the Big River in southeastern Missouri. The overall pattern of contamination are understood. However, Pb distribution across floodplain surfaces has not been investigated at the scale needed for site-level remediation planning. The goal of this project is to examine spatial distribution of Pb with more detail and identify the role of geomorphic processes. Predictive models are needed to evaluate factors affecting Pb distribution such as elevation, distance from the channel, and geochemistry. This study evaluates Pb distribution at three ~1km …
Stream Bank Erosion Trends And Sediment Contributions In A Southwestern Missouri River, Ezekiel Allen Kuehn
Stream Bank Erosion Trends And Sediment Contributions In A Southwestern Missouri River, Ezekiel Allen Kuehn
MSU Graduate Theses
Bank erosion can be a significant source of in-stream sediment that negatively affects water quality and aquatic habitat. However, assessments of the role that eroding banks play in suspended and bed sediment supply are rarely available to managers. The purpose of this study was to quantify bank erosion rates for a 7 km conservation easement the James River in southwest Missouri to evaluate the annual contributions of bank sediment to the channel. The objectives were to: (1) monitor an eroding 260 m bank to better understand short-term, reach scale bank erosion rates; (2) determine historical rates of bank erosion for …
Geospatial Analysis Of Gravel Bar Deposition And Channel Migration Within The Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Missouri (1955-2003), Derek J. Martin
Geospatial Analysis Of Gravel Bar Deposition And Channel Migration Within The Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Missouri (1955-2003), Derek J. Martin
MSU Graduate Theses
Historical land clearing is believed to be responsible for present-day channel instability in main stem reaches in the Ozark National Scenic Riverways (ONSR) in south-central Missouri. The nature of instability is related to the delivery of excess amounts of gravel sediment to stream channels and higher rates of lateral bank erosion. These conditions are of concern to resource managers because of the potential damaging effects on recreational facilities and aquatic habitat. The purpose of this study is to develop a geographic information systems (GIS)/remote sensing (RS) based methodology to monitor spatial patterns of gravel deposition and lateral channel migration within …
Step-Pool Morphology Of A Wilderness Headwater Stream Of The Buffalo River, Arkansas, Aaron M. Nickolotsky
Step-Pool Morphology Of A Wilderness Headwater Stream Of The Buffalo River, Arkansas, Aaron M. Nickolotsky
MSU Graduate Theses
Step-pool and cascade morphology reflect the geological and climatic factors affecting channels in mountain watersheds. This study uses longitudinal and cross-section surveys of a headwater stream in the Boston Mountains of the Ozarks Plateau region in northwest Arkansas to describe channel form and develop quantitative models for comparisons with other regions. The Bowers Hollow Creek watershed (3.5 km2) is located within the boundaries of the Forest Service’s Upper Buffalo Wilderness Area. Step-pool morphology varies with the influence of lithology and sediment supply in the Boston Mountains. However, step height and wavelength relationships are generally similar to other regions. Distribution of …
Channel Geomorphology And Restoration Guidelines For Springfield Plateau Streams, South Dry Sac Watershed, Southwest Missouri, John M. Horton
Channel Geomorphology And Restoration Guidelines For Springfield Plateau Streams, South Dry Sac Watershed, Southwest Missouri, John M. Horton
MSU Graduate Theses
Land-use change, both historical and present, has been a source of channel degradation within Ozark streams. This study examines the influence of land use on channel morphology within the South Dry Sac Watershed which drains 78.5 km2. The main objectives of this study are to: (1) perform a geomorphic assessment of stream channel and sediment characteristics; (2) evaluate the effects of watershed factors on channel morphology and dynamics; (3) quantify the geomorphic relationships for use in stream restoration projects in the Springfield Plateau area. Thirty-six reaches were surveyed and evaluated in the field for channel cross-sectional geometry, longitudinal profile, and …