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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Spatiotemporal Slip Rate Variations Along Surprise Valley Fault In Relation To Pleistocene Pluvial Lakes, Brian N. Marion
Spatiotemporal Slip Rate Variations Along Surprise Valley Fault In Relation To Pleistocene Pluvial Lakes, Brian N. Marion
All Master's Theses
Using mapped paleoshoreline features with high-resolution topographic data and obtained radiocarbon dates on paleoshoreline tufas, I documented precise fault offsets of dated features over the last 25 ka along the Surprise Valley Fault (SVF). Fault offset measured in three lake sections within Surprise Valley ranged from 3.6 m in the southern section to 14.4 m in the central section. The offset paleoshorelines are dated to the late Pleistocene (<22 >ka) and were formed during the latest impoundment of pluvial Lake Surprise since the last glacial maximum. Slip rates vary along strike, assuming a fault dip of 68° with 0.25 ± …
Investigating Taphonomic Changes Of Deposits And Modeling Of The 2010 Earthquake And Tsunami In South-Central Chile, Alexandra Carranco Ruiz
Investigating Taphonomic Changes Of Deposits And Modeling Of The 2010 Earthquake And Tsunami In South-Central Chile, Alexandra Carranco Ruiz
All Master's Theses
South-central Chile has an extensive written catalog of historic earthquakes and tsunamis, but such records can be subject to inconsistencies. Dated tsunami deposits are more objective data that provide hard evidence of past tsunamis. The inland extent of deposits from past tsunamis (paleodeposits) can be used in tsunami modeling to reveal characteristics of the source earthquake, but these deposits may have undergone taphonomic processes since initial deposition. Therefore, to determine how tsunami deposits change during burial and preservation and the potential limitations of using paleodeposits in modeling, I investigated the modern 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule earthquake and tsunami as …
Documenting Mantle And Crustal Contributions To Flood Basalt Magmatism Via Computational Modeling Of The Steens Basalt, Southeast Oregon, Sylvana J. Bendaña
Documenting Mantle And Crustal Contributions To Flood Basalt Magmatism Via Computational Modeling Of The Steens Basalt, Southeast Oregon, Sylvana J. Bendaña
All Master's Theses
Flood basalts are enormous volcanic events with volumes of volcanic cover and intrusive equivalents that are affected by and significantly affect the crust. Steens Basalt represents 31,800 km3 of flood basalt lavas that erupted in eastern Oregon ~16.8 Ma in less than 300,000 years. Analytical data of flows from a 1 km vertical exposure at Steens Mtn. documents time-transgressive changes in composition of two geochemically distinct units: (1) lower Steens, MgO-rich lavas with lower incompatible trace element concentrations and 87Sr/86Sr, and (2) upper Steens, MgO-poor, with higher incompatible trace element concentrations and 87Sr/86Sr. …
Evolution Of A Flood Basalt Crustal Magmatic System: In Situ Mineral Data And Computational Modeling Of The Steens Basalt, Megan Graubard
Evolution Of A Flood Basalt Crustal Magmatic System: In Situ Mineral Data And Computational Modeling Of The Steens Basalt, Megan Graubard
All Master's Theses
Flood basalts are gigantic basaltic eruptions that modify the mass of the crust via intrusion of mantle-derived magma, and change its composition through interaction between magma and crust. The Steens Basalt, located in southeast Oregon, erupted approximately 16.8 million years ago, and is the oldest member of the Columbia River Basalt Group, the youngest and best-exposed flood basalt province on Earth. The Steens Basalt has an eruption volume of approximately 31,800 km3 and the duration of eruption is estimated to be between ~50,000 and 300,000 years. Major- and trace element whole rock data from 111 stratigraphically controlled samples from …
Fluid Release During Eclogite Formation, North Qaidam Terrane, Western China, Jake M. Meyer
Fluid Release During Eclogite Formation, North Qaidam Terrane, Western China, Jake M. Meyer
All Master's Theses
Ultrahigh-pressure (UHP, depths ≳100 km) eclogite samples from the Dulan area of the North Qaidam Terrane, western China, preserve evidence of fluid release along a prograde pressure-temperature (P-T) path. Eclogite sample D126A, Grt + Omp + Qtz + Zo + Amp + Phe + minor Rt + Hem, contains garnet porphyroblasts that preserve strong Ca zoning, recording higher core values (Grs34), lower inner mantle values (Grs25), increasing outer mantle values (Grs28), and lower rim values (Grs26). Isochemical phase diagrams (pseudosections), assuming H2O saturation, produce a P-T path constrained by multiple …