Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Articles 1 - 30 of 30
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Estimation Of Sounding Uncertainty From Measurements Of Water Mass Variability, Jonathan Beaudoin, Brian R. Calder, J Hiebert, Gretchen Imahori
Estimation Of Sounding Uncertainty From Measurements Of Water Mass Variability, Jonathan Beaudoin, Brian R. Calder, J Hiebert, Gretchen Imahori
Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping
Analysis techniques are introduced that allow for estimation of potential sounding uncertainty due to water mass variability from reconnaissance campaigns in which oceanographic parameters are measured at a high temporal and spatial resolution. The analysis techniques do not require sounding data, thus analyses can be tailored to match any survey system; this allows for pre-analysis campaigns to optimize survey instrumentation and sound speed profiling rates such that a desired survey specification can be maintained. Additionally, the output of the analysis methods can potentially provide a higher fidelity estimation of sounding uncertainty due to water mass variability than uncertainty models in …
Environmental Risks Monitoring Of Shipwrecks In Italian Seas, Giuseppe Masetti, Fulvia Orsini
Environmental Risks Monitoring Of Shipwrecks In Italian Seas, Giuseppe Masetti, Fulvia Orsini
Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping
After a description of the international regulatory framework, this paper examines the European project DE.E.P.P. and provides an overview of shipwreck databases in Italy. Afterwards, it reconstructs the recent history of the supertanker VLCC Haven which represents one of the largest Mediterranean shipwrecks. The findings of this paper emphasize the need to unify all the various agencies databases into a national Territorial Information System of potentially polluting wrecks. This System would be completed by all the information available in archives and press, to allow an adequate environmental risk monitoring and classification of shipwrecks in the Italian seas.
Advanced Mid-Water Tools For 4d Marine Data Fusion And Visualization, Maurice Doucet, Colin Ware, Thomas C. Weber, Larry A. Mayer, Roland J. Arsenault, Mashkoor A. Malik, Lindsay Gee
Advanced Mid-Water Tools For 4d Marine Data Fusion And Visualization, Maurice Doucet, Colin Ware, Thomas C. Weber, Larry A. Mayer, Roland J. Arsenault, Mashkoor A. Malik, Lindsay Gee
Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping
Mapping and charting of the seafloor underwent a revolution approximately 20 years ago with the introduction of multibeam sonars -- sonars that provided complete, high-resolution coverage of the seafloor rather than sparse measurements. The initial focus of these sonar systems was the charting of depths in support of safety of navigation and offshore exploration; more recently innovations in processing software have led to approaches to characterize seafloor type and for mapping seafloor habitat in support of fisheries research. In recent years, a new generation of multibeam sonars has been developed that, for the first time, have the ability to map …
Enhancing Ais To Improve Whale-Ship Collision Avoidance And Maritime Security, Philip A. Mcgillivary, Kurt Schwehr, Kevin Fall
Enhancing Ais To Improve Whale-Ship Collision Avoidance And Maritime Security, Philip A. Mcgillivary, Kurt Schwehr, Kevin Fall
Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping
Whale-ship strikes are of growing worldwide concern due to the steady growth of commercial shipping. Improving the current situation involves the creation of a communication capability allowing whale position information to be estimated and exchanged among vessels and other observation assets. An early example of such a system has been implemented for the shipping lane approaches to the harbor of Boston, Massachusetts where ship traffic transits areas of the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary frequently used by whales. It uses the Automated Identification Systems (AIS) technology, currently required for larger vessels but becoming more common in all classes of vessels. …
Broadband Records Of Earthquakes In Deep Gold Mines And A Comparison With Results From Safod, California, Art Mcgarr, Margaret S. Boettcher, Jon Peter B. Fletcher, R Sell, Malcolm J. Johnston, R Durrheim, S Spottiswoode, A Milev
Broadband Records Of Earthquakes In Deep Gold Mines And A Comparison With Results From Safod, California, Art Mcgarr, Margaret S. Boettcher, Jon Peter B. Fletcher, R Sell, Malcolm J. Johnston, R Durrheim, S Spottiswoode, A Milev
Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping
For one week during September 2007, we deployed a temporary network of field recorders and accelerometers at four sites within two deep, seismically active mines. The ground-motion data, recorded at 200 samples/sec, are well suited to determining source and ground-motion parameters for the mining-induced earthquakes within and adjacent to our network. Four earthquakes with magnitudes close to 2 were recorded with high signal/noise at all four sites. Analysis of seismic moments and peak velocities, in conjunction with the results of laboratory stick-slip friction experiments, were used to estimate source processes that are key to understanding source physics and to assessing …
U.S. Law Of The Sea Cruise To Map The Eastern Mendocino Ridge, Eastern Pacific Ocean, James V. Gardner, Mashkoor A. Malik
U.S. Law Of The Sea Cruise To Map The Eastern Mendocino Ridge, Eastern Pacific Ocean, James V. Gardner, Mashkoor A. Malik
Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping
No abstract provided.
Minimizing Vessel Strikes To Endangered Whales: A Crash Course In Conservation Science And Policy, David N. Wiley, Moira W. Brown
Minimizing Vessel Strikes To Endangered Whales: A Crash Course In Conservation Science And Policy, David N. Wiley, Moira W. Brown
Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping
The North Atlantic right whale is one of the most endangered of all large whales: about 350-400 individuals remain. Species recovery is, in part, contingent on reducing vessel-strike mortality. Our science-based conservation program resulted in three efforts specifically designed to minimize the risk of lethal vessel-strikes of endangered baleen whales without compromising vessel navigation and safety. In Atlantic Canada, the Bay of Fundy Traffic Separation Scheme (TSS) was relocated to reduce the risk of lethal vessel strikes by 90% where the original outbound lane of the TSS intersected the Right Whale Conservation Area, and an Area To Be Avoided (ATBA) …
Observations Of River Topography And Flow Around Bridges, Thomas C. Lippmann
Observations Of River Topography And Flow Around Bridges, Thomas C. Lippmann
Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping
This investigation was motivated by the amount of river, estuarine, and coastal infrastructure that is susceptible to extreme wave and flooding events. The high velocities and resulting shear stresses associated with high flow velocities are capable of scouring or depositing large quantities of sediment around hydraulic structures. Preventing the failure of these structures and sedimentation in inlets alone costs federal and state agencies billions of dollars annually. In addition to being costly, the manual monitoring of bridge scour - as mandated by the Federal Highway Administration - can be inefficient in states such as Ohio where the flood events that …
Shallow Surveying In Hazardous Waters, Thomas C. Lippmann, Gabriel M. Smith
Shallow Surveying In Hazardous Waters, Thomas C. Lippmann, Gabriel M. Smith
Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping
Of order one importance to any study of nearshore processes is knowledge of the bathymetry in shallow water. This is true for studies on open coast sandy beaches where surf zone dynamics drive the system, inlet environments where bathymetric evolution can rapidly change navigation channels, and in more benign, lower-energy coastal environments that evolve slowly over 10’s to 100’s of years. Difficulties in obtaining shallow bathymetry where depth-limited wave breaking occurs, submerged hazards are present, or other harsh environments has led to the development of survey systems on highly maneuverable personal watercraft (Beach, et al., 1994; Cote, 1999; Dugan, et …
Iho S-100: The New Hydrographic Geospatial Standard For Marine Data And Information, Robert Ward, Lee Alexander, Barrie Greenslade
Iho S-100: The New Hydrographic Geospatial Standard For Marine Data And Information, Robert Ward, Lee Alexander, Barrie Greenslade
Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping
No abstract provided.
E-Navigation And Electronic Charting: Implications For Hydrographic Community, Lee Alexander
E-Navigation And Electronic Charting: Implications For Hydrographic Community, Lee Alexander
Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping
e-Navigation is a recent IMO initiative that aims to integrate existing/new shipboard and shore-based navigational tools into an “all embracing” system. Defined as: “... the harmonised collection, integration, exchange, presentation and analysis of maritime information onboard and ashore by electronic means to enhance berth to berth navigation and related services, for safety and security at sea and protection of the marine environment” the goal of e-Navigation is to provide an infrastructure that will enable seamless information transfer onboard ship, between ships, ship-to-shore, and between shore authorities. Core elements include high-integrity electronic positioning, electronic navigational charts (ENCs) and improved system functionality …
Mapping In The Arctic Ocean In Support Of A Potential Extended Continental Shelf, Larry A. Mayer, Andy Armstrong, James V. Gardner
Mapping In The Arctic Ocean In Support Of A Potential Extended Continental Shelf, Larry A. Mayer, Andy Armstrong, James V. Gardner
Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping
Under Article 76 of The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS; U.N. 1997), coastal states may, under certain circumstances, gain sovereign rights over the resources of the seafloor and subsurface of “submerged extensions of their continental margin” beyond the recognized 200 nautical mile (nmi) limit of their Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). The establishment of an “extended continental shelf” (ECS) under Article 76 involves the demonstration that the area of the ECS is a “natural prolongation” of a coastal state’s territorial landmass and then the application of a series of formulae and limit lines that are based …
E-Navigation: Challenges And Opportunities, Lee Alexander
E-Navigation: Challenges And Opportunities, Lee Alexander
Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping
e-Navigation is a recent IMO initiative that aims to integrate existing/new shipboard and shore-based navigational tools into an “all embracing” system. Defined as: “... the harmonised collection, integration, exchange, presentation and analysis of maritime information onboard and ashore by electronic means to enhance berth to berth navigation and related services, for safety and security at sea and protection of the marine environment” the goal of e-Navigation is to provide an infrastructure that will enable seamless information transfer onboard ship, between ships, ship-to-shore, and between shore authorities. Core elements include high-integrity electronic positioning, electronic navigational charts (ENCs) and improved system functionality …
Traffic Analysis For The Calibration Of Risk Assessment Methods, Brian R. Calder, Schwehr Kurt
Traffic Analysis For The Calibration Of Risk Assessment Methods, Brian R. Calder, Schwehr Kurt
Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping
In order to provide some measure of the uncertainty inherent in the sorts of charting data that are provided to the end-user, we have previously proposed risk models that measure the magnitude of the uncertainty for a ship operating in a particular area. Calibration of these models is essential, but the complexity of the models means that we require detailed information on the sorts of ships, traffic patterns and density within the model area to make a reliable assessment. In theory, the ais system should provide this information for a suitably instrumented area. We consider the problem of converting, filtering …
Uncertainty Wedge Analysis: Quantifying The Impact Of Sparse Sound Speed Profiling Regimes On Sounding Uncertainty, Jonathan Beaudoin, J Hiebert, Brian R. Calder, Gretchen Imahori
Uncertainty Wedge Analysis: Quantifying The Impact Of Sparse Sound Speed Profiling Regimes On Sounding Uncertainty, Jonathan Beaudoin, J Hiebert, Brian R. Calder, Gretchen Imahori
Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping
Recent advances in real-time monitoring of uncertainty due to refraction have demonstrated the power of estimating and visualizing uncertainty over the entire potential sounding space. This representation format, referred to as an uncertainty wedge, can be used to help solve difficult survey planning problems regarding the spatio-temporal variability of the watercolumn. Though initially developed to work in-line with underway watercolumn sampling hardware (e.g. moving vessel profilers), uncertainty wedge analysis techniques are extensible to investigate problems associated with low-density watercolumn sampling in which only a few sound speed casts are gathered per day. As uncertainty wedge analysis techniques require no sounding …
Extension Of Gutenberg-Richter Distribution To Mw -1.3, No Lower Limit In Sight, Margaret S. Boettcher, Art Mcgarr, Malcolm J. Johnston
Extension Of Gutenberg-Richter Distribution To Mw -1.3, No Lower Limit In Sight, Margaret S. Boettcher, Art Mcgarr, Malcolm J. Johnston
Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping
With twelve years of seismic data from TauTona Gold Mine, South Africa, we show that mining-induced earthquakes follow the Gutenberg-Richter relation with no scale break down to the completeness level of the catalog, at moment magnitude MW −1.3. Events recorded during relatively quiet hours in 2006 indicate that catalog detection limitations, not earthquake source physics, controlled the previously reported minimum magnitude in this mine. Within the Natural Earthquake Laboratory in South African Mines (NELSAM) experiment's dense seismic array, earthquakes that exhibit shear failure at magnitudes as small as MW −3.9 are observed, but we find no evidence that …
Oceanic Transform Fault Seismicity Earthquakes Of A Different Kind, Margaret S. Boettcher, Jeffrey Mcguire, Thomas Jordan
Oceanic Transform Fault Seismicity Earthquakes Of A Different Kind, Margaret S. Boettcher, Jeffrey Mcguire, Thomas Jordan
Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping
No abstract provided.
High-Resolution Seafloor Mapping And An Assessment Of The Effectiveness Of The Western Gulf Of Maine Closure Area (Wgomca), Raymond E. Grizzle, Mashkoor A. Malik, Larry G. Ward
High-Resolution Seafloor Mapping And An Assessment Of The Effectiveness Of The Western Gulf Of Maine Closure Area (Wgomca), Raymond E. Grizzle, Mashkoor A. Malik, Larry G. Ward
Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping
No abstract provided.
Charts Data Fusion: Multi-Sensor Imagery Co-Registration, Shachak Pe'eri, Yuri Rzhanov
Charts Data Fusion: Multi-Sensor Imagery Co-Registration, Shachak Pe'eri, Yuri Rzhanov
Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping
The compact hydrographic airborne rapid total survey (CHARTS) is a USACE sensor system that includes a SHOALS-3000 (3-kHz bathymetric laser and a 20-kHz topographic laser), CASI-1500 hyperspectral scanner, and a DuncanTech (DT)- 4000 digital RGB camera. The datasets produced from each sensor in CHARTS contributes a specific aspect according to its physical capabilities and limitations. Fusion of data products from a multi-sensor collection has the potential to perform a comprehensive survey and to produce tools for geo-analysis, especially for coastal research. A basic requirement in the data fusion is the co-registration between the datasets. Data from GPS/INS was intentionally ignored …
Environmental Response Management Application (Erma) - Web-Based Gis Data Display And Management System For Oil Spill Planning And Environmental Response, Michele Jacobi, Rob Braswell, Amy A. Merten, Nancy E. Kinner, Kurt Schwehr
Environmental Response Management Application (Erma) - Web-Based Gis Data Display And Management System For Oil Spill Planning And Environmental Response, Michele Jacobi, Rob Braswell, Amy A. Merten, Nancy E. Kinner, Kurt Schwehr
Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping
NOAA’s Office of Response and Restoration (ORR) in a partnership with the University of New Hampshire Coastal Response Research Center (CRRC), is leading an effort to develop an Open Source GIS system that is accessible to both the command post and to assets in the field during a response. The ERMA (Environmental Response Management Application) system is an integrated data management platform that uses MapServer and Open Layers software to combine real-time and static regional geospatial data sets. Data available include: weather and forecasts, ESI maps, IOOS buoys, modeled spill trajectories, real-time tracks of vessels, response plans, navigational charts, bathymetry, …
Using Moored Arrays And Hyperspectral Aerial Imagery To Develop Eelgrass-Based Nutrient Criteria For New Hampshire's Great Bay Estuary, John Ru Morrison, Shachak Pe'eri, Phil Trowbridge, Frederick T. Short
Using Moored Arrays And Hyperspectral Aerial Imagery To Develop Eelgrass-Based Nutrient Criteria For New Hampshire's Great Bay Estuary, John Ru Morrison, Shachak Pe'eri, Phil Trowbridge, Frederick T. Short
Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping
Increasing nitrogen concentrations and declining eelgrass beds in the Great Bay Estuary, NH are clear indicators of impending problems for the state’s estuaries. A workgroup established in 2005 by the NH Department of Environmental Services and the NH Estuaries Project (NHEP) adopted eelgrass survival as the water quality target for nutrient criteria development for NH’s estuaries. In 2007, the NHEP received grant from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to collect water quality information including that from moored sensors and hyper-spectral imagery data of the Great Bay Estuary. A second grant in 2008 was directed at determining the influence of nuisance …
Coastal Situational Awareness Via Nowcoast’S Web Mapping Services And Map Viewer, John G.W. Kelley, Jason Greenlaw, Micah Wengren, Sree Dadisetty
Coastal Situational Awareness Via Nowcoast’S Web Mapping Services And Map Viewer, John G.W. Kelley, Jason Greenlaw, Micah Wengren, Sree Dadisetty
Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping
NowCOAST is a GIS-based Web mapping portal developed by the National Ocean Service’s (NOS) Coast Survey Development Laboratory that provides users with situational awareness of current and future environmental conditions for U.S. coastal areas. nowCOAST accomplishes this by integrating selected near-real-time data, satellite imagery, warnings, and forecasts of meteorological, oceanographic, and river conditions from NOAA’s Weather, Ocean, and Satellite Services, NOAA’s Research, other federal agencies, and regional ocean observing systems. nowCOAST makes the observations, imagery, warnings, and forecasts available to users via on-map display and geo-referenced hyperlinks. Coastal users can display nowCOAST products via its Web map viewer (http://nowcoast.noaa.gov) or …
Marine Spatial Data Infrastructure (Msdi) Challenges And Opportunities: The Cuban Experience, Hilario Calderon, Lee Alexander
Marine Spatial Data Infrastructure (Msdi) Challenges And Opportunities: The Cuban Experience, Hilario Calderon, Lee Alexander
Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping
This paper describes the challenges and opportunities associated with implementing MSDI in Cuba. More specifically, a case example is provided on how Cuba’s National System of Protected Areas (SAMP) could become a component of an overall MSDI.
Right Whale Ais Project (Rap): Acoustic Detections In The Boston Approaches, Kurt Schwehr, Lee Alexander
Right Whale Ais Project (Rap): Acoustic Detections In The Boston Approaches, Kurt Schwehr, Lee Alexander
Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping
No abstract provided.
Inland Navigation Technology '09 - Digital Technology Impact On Safety And Efficiency, Lee Alexander
Inland Navigation Technology '09 - Digital Technology Impact On Safety And Efficiency, Lee Alexander
Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping
This workshop discussed the impact of digital technology on inland navigation safety and efficiency from the combined perspective government agencies and waterway operators. The US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) described inland navigation Research & Development (R&D), related demonstration efforts, and Headquarters initiatives for safer, more reliable waterways and infrastructure. The US Coast Guard (USCG) addressed the latest developments in e-Navigation (e.g., electronic charts, AIS, and aidsto-navigation), and how these developments might affect inland waterways operations. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) discussed PORTS (Physical Oceanographic RealTime System) and other activities. Representatives from the Towing Industry, led by the …
Macroalgae And Eelgrass Mapping In Great Bay Estuary Using Aisa Hyperspectral Imagery., Shachak Pe'eri, John Ru Morrison, Frederick T. Short, Arthur C. Mathieson, Phil Trowbridge
Macroalgae And Eelgrass Mapping In Great Bay Estuary Using Aisa Hyperspectral Imagery., Shachak Pe'eri, John Ru Morrison, Frederick T. Short, Arthur C. Mathieson, Phil Trowbridge
Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping
Results Increases in nitrogen concentration and declining eelgrass beds in Great Bay Estuary have been observed in the last decades. These two parameters are clear indicators of the impending eutrophication for New Hampshire’s estuaries. The NH Department of Environmental Services (DES) in collaboration with the Piscataqua Region Estuaries Partnership adopted the assumption that eelgrass survival can be used as the target for establishing numeric water quality criteria for nutrients in NH’s estuaries. One of the hypotheses put forward regarding eelgrass decline is that an eutrophication response to nutrient increases in the Great Bay Estuary has been the proliferation of nuisance …
Advances In The Study Of Marine Mammal Predator-Prey Interactions: A Novel Real-Time Visualization Of Independently Collected Echosounder Data Using Geozui4d, Roland J. Arsenault, Ari S. Friedlaender, Elliott L. Hazen, Colin Ware, David N. Wiley
Advances In The Study Of Marine Mammal Predator-Prey Interactions: A Novel Real-Time Visualization Of Independently Collected Echosounder Data Using Geozui4d, Roland J. Arsenault, Ari S. Friedlaender, Elliott L. Hazen, Colin Ware, David N. Wiley
Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping
No abstract provided.
Effects Of A Large Fishing Closure On Benthic Communitites In The Western Gulf Of Maine: Recovery From The Effects Of Gillnets And Otter Trawls, Raymond E. Grizzle, Larry G. Ward, Larry A. Mayer, Mashkoor A. Malik, Andrew B. Cooper, Holly Abeels, Jennifer K. Greene, Melissa Brodeur, Andrew A. Rosenberg
Effects Of A Large Fishing Closure On Benthic Communitites In The Western Gulf Of Maine: Recovery From The Effects Of Gillnets And Otter Trawls, Raymond E. Grizzle, Larry G. Ward, Larry A. Mayer, Mashkoor A. Malik, Andrew B. Cooper, Holly Abeels, Jennifer K. Greene, Melissa Brodeur, Andrew A. Rosenberg
Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping
The recovery of benthic communities inside the western Gulf of Maine fishing closure area was evaluated by comparing invertebrate assemblages at sites inside and outside of the closure four to six years after the closure was established. The major restriction imposed by the closure was a year-round prohibition of bottom gillnets and otter trawls. A total of 163 seafloor sites (~half inside and half outside the closure) within a 515-km2 study area were sampled with some combination of Shipek grab, Wildco box corer, or underwater video. Bottom types ranged from mud (silt and clay) to boulders, and the effects of …
Mid-Ocean Ridge Transform Faults, Margaret S. Boettcher
Mid-Ocean Ridge Transform Faults, Margaret S. Boettcher
Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping
No abstract provided.
The Vertical Structure Of Shallow Water Flow In The Surf Zone And Inner Shelf, Thomas C. Lippmann
The Vertical Structure Of Shallow Water Flow In The Surf Zone And Inner Shelf, Thomas C. Lippmann
Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping
No abstract provided.