Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Series

2009

Technological University Dublin

Discipline
Keyword
Publication
File Type

Articles 1 - 30 of 123

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Investigation Of Velocity Profiles In Anatomically Realistic Renal Artery Flow Phantoms By Physiological Flow Experimentation, Deepa Chari Dec 2009

Investigation Of Velocity Profiles In Anatomically Realistic Renal Artery Flow Phantoms By Physiological Flow Experimentation, Deepa Chari

Masters

Renal Artery stenosis is one of the major causes of curable renovascular hypertension.An early investigation of renal artery stenosis helps in the management of renovascular hypertension by alternative, less-invasive methods such as drug treatments, thereby reducing the risk involved in the surgery. Therefore an early investigation of renal artery stenosis has been always an attractive goal for the physicians. The renal artery stenosis affects the blood velocity profile in the renal artery. These profiles can be investigated by quantitative Doppler Ultrasound measurements obtained by flow experimentations and can be used as a tool for the identification of renal artery stenosis. …

Go to article

Electromagnetic Scattering Solutions For Digital Signal Processing, Jonathan Blackledge Nov 2009

Electromagnetic Scattering Solutions For Digital Signal Processing, Jonathan Blackledge

Other resources

Electromagnetic scattering theory is fundamental to understanding the interaction between electromagnetic waves and inhomogeneous dielectric materials. The theory unpins the engineering of electromagnetic imaging systems over a broad range of frequencies, from optics to radio and microwave imaging, for example. Developing accurate scattering models is particularly important in the field of image understanding and the interpretation of electromagnetic signals generated by scattering events. To this end there are a number of approaches that can be taken. For relatively simple geometric configurations, approximation methods are used to develop a transformation from the object plane (where scattering events take place) to the …

Go to article

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis Of Zno Micro-Javelins, Suresh Pillai, Declan Mccormack, John M. Kelly, Sibu C. Padmanabhan Nov 2009

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis Of Zno Micro-Javelins, Suresh Pillai, Declan Mccormack, John M. Kelly, Sibu C. Padmanabhan

Articles

The microwave (MW)-assisted formation of ZnO micro-javelins from zinc nitrate and urea in aqueous solution is described. The particles (named as ‘micro-javelins’ because of their high aspect ratio and needle-like tips) grow hexagonally with well-defined facets in the h0110i direction and pointed tips in (0001) direction. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns show the appearance of a strikingly dominant (1000) orientation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations reveal the morphological evolution of these hexagonal ZnO particles with time. The effect of precursor concentrations, counterion type andMWirradiation power and their consequent influence on pH and Zn2+ ion concentration are …

Go to article

How Does Politics Affect Electronic Healthcare Adoption, Zanifa Omary, Fredrick Mtenzi, Bing Wu Nov 2009

How Does Politics Affect Electronic Healthcare Adoption, Zanifa Omary, Fredrick Mtenzi, Bing Wu

Conference papers

In the 21 century, the term e-healthcare has become the common buzzword in the world. Its popularity is directly related to the rate of its adoption and benefits that it offers to individuals and governments. Among the common benefits include reduction in medical errors, improvements on physician efficiency, improvement in physician-patient relationship and an increase in the quality of care delivered. Despite all these benefits, politics is one among the obstacles hindering its adoption. In this paper we analyse how politics at local, national and international levels affect e-healthcare adoption and thereafter we suggest appropriate alternatives to overcome these obstacles.

Go to article

Dataset Threshold For The Performance Estimators In Supervised Machine Learning Experiments, Zanifa Omary, Fredrick Mtenzi Nov 2009

Dataset Threshold For The Performance Estimators In Supervised Machine Learning Experiments, Zanifa Omary, Fredrick Mtenzi

Conference papers

The establishment of dataset threshold is one among the first steps when comparing the performance of machine learning algorithms. It involves the use of different datasets with different sample sizes in relation to the number of attributes and the number of instances available in the dataset. Currently, there is no limit which has been set for those who are unfamiliar with machine learning experiments on the categorisation of these datasets, as either small or large, based on the two factors. In this paper we perform experiments in order to establish dataset threshold. The established dataset threshold will help unfamiliar supervised …

Go to article

Context Aware Smart Classroom For Real Time Configuration Of Computer Rooms, Paula Kelly, Peter Daly, Ciaran O'Driscoll Oct 2009

Context Aware Smart Classroom For Real Time Configuration Of Computer Rooms, Paula Kelly, Peter Daly, Ciaran O'Driscoll

9th. IT & T Conference

The Context Aware Smart Classroom (CASC) is a classroom that responds to lecturers and student groups based on preset policies and the lecture timetables. CASC has been enhanced in two ways: initially to support the real-time software configuration of computers as required by specific laboratory activities; secondly to improve the decision making using knowledge engineering techniques. This paper outlines the design, implementation and evaluation of an enhanced system, CASC for Software Configuration (CASC–SC). Context aware environments respond in a pseudo-intelligent manner depending on the identity of occupants, particular location, desired activity and specific time. With the pervasive nature of personal …

Go to article

Sensing Learner Interest Through Eye Tracking, Haolin Wei, Arthir-Nicolae Moldovan, Cristina Muntean Oct 2009

Sensing Learner Interest Through Eye Tracking, Haolin Wei, Arthir-Nicolae Moldovan, Cristina Muntean

9th. IT & T Conference

Due to the rapidly growing of the amount of information, a stronger need emerges for efficient and flexible strategies for personalisation of the educational content. E-learning systems are very helpful for learners, however, people differ in knowledge level, learning styles and may seek for different information when they access web based e-learning systems. Therefore, content adapted to the user’s needs should be supported by the e-learning systems. In this paper we introduce a new e-learning environment that makes use of eye tracking mechanism to follow learner interest in certain topics and to perform content personalisation. The framework of the e-learning …

Go to article

Vocate: Auditory Interfaces For The Lok8 Project, John Mcgee, Charlie Cullen Oct 2009

Vocate: Auditory Interfaces For The Lok8 Project, John Mcgee, Charlie Cullen

9th. IT & T Conference

The auditory modality has a number of unique advantages over other modalities, such as a fast neural processing rate and focus-independence. As part of the LOK8 project’s aim to develop location-based services, the Vocate module will be seeking to exploit these advantages to augment the overall usability of the LOK8 interface and also to deliver scalable content in scenarios where the user may be in transit or requires focus-independence. This paper discusses these advantages and outlines three possible approaches that the Vocate module may take within the LOK8 project: speech interfaces, auditory user interfaces, and sonification.

Go to article

Comparison Of Feature Classification Algorithm For Activity Recognition Based On Accelerometer And Heart Rate Data, Dominic Maguire, Richard Frisby Oct 2009

Comparison Of Feature Classification Algorithm For Activity Recognition Based On Accelerometer And Heart Rate Data, Dominic Maguire, Richard Frisby

9th. IT & T Conference

This paper describes a project to compare two feature classification algorithms used in activity recognition in relation to accelerometer and heart rate data. Data was collected from six male and female subjects using a single tri-axial accelerometer and heart monitor attached to each subject’s dominant thigh. Subjects carried out eight activities and the data was labelled semi-automatically. Features (mean, standard deviation, energy, correlation and mean heart rate) were extracted from the data using a window of 256 (3.4 seconds) and an overlap of 50%. Two classifers, k-NN and J48, were evaluated for activity recognition with 10-fold validation with k-NN (k …

Go to article

Efficient Uwb Indoor Localisation Using A Ray-Tracing Propagation Tool, Tam Huynh, Conor Brennan Oct 2009

Efficient Uwb Indoor Localisation Using A Ray-Tracing Propagation Tool, Tam Huynh, Conor Brennan

9th. IT & T Conference

A novel method of applying Ray Tracing to the problem of Ultra-wide Band (UWB) indoor userlocalization is presented. This novel method for UWB localization is based on correlation between the received signal and a database of pre-computed ray-traced signals computed on a search curve. In the absence of real data the technique is validated by generating synthetic received signals using ray tracing plus Rayleigh distributed random multipath clusters as well as random amplitude and delay factors which account for database uncertainty. Results are presented that indicate that acceptable location and tracking performance can be achieved with a single sensor.

Go to article

Power Save-Based Adaptive Multimedia Delivery Mechanism, David Mcmullin, Ramona Trestian, Gabriel-Miro Muntean Oct 2009

Power Save-Based Adaptive Multimedia Delivery Mechanism, David Mcmullin, Ramona Trestian, Gabriel-Miro Muntean

9th. IT & T Conference

The use of mobile computing devices has become more and more common as such devices have become more and more affordable and powerful. With increases in throughput speed and decreases in device size, wireless multimedia streaming to battery powered mobile devices has become widespread. However, the battery power has not kept up with the advances in technology and has not increased so rapidly. This deficiency in battery power provides motivation for development of more energy efficient multimedia streaming methods and procedures. As such, an adaptive delivery mechanism is proposed to take into account the various drains on battery life and …

Go to article

A Study Of Mobile Internet Capability Trends To Assess The Effectiveness Of The W3c Default Delivery Context (Ddc), Ivan Dunn, Gary Clynch Oct 2009

A Study Of Mobile Internet Capability Trends To Assess The Effectiveness Of The W3c Default Delivery Context (Ddc), Ivan Dunn, Gary Clynch

9th. IT & T Conference

The mobile Internet is becoming increasingly popular, but the usability of many Web applications provides a negative mobile Internet experience. This paper researched the Internet capabilities of Web-enabled mobile phones through statistics generated using the R programming environment with data sourced from MobileAware’s Device Description Repository (DDR). Time series analysis and measures of location were applied to the data set. Hands-on testing using selected mobile browsers were carried out to backup and prove findings. The data set contained 1384 device descriptions from LG, Nokia, Motorola, Samsung and Sony Ericsson mobile phones that have a browser capable rendering XHTML Basic 1.0 …

Go to article

Universal Design, Education And Technology, Ciaran O'Leary, Damian Gordon Oct 2009

Universal Design, Education And Technology, Ciaran O'Leary, Damian Gordon

9th. IT & T Conference

Universal Design is an approach to design which insists upon the consideration of users with diverse levels of ability. Rather than representing a specialist approach to design, it is recognised that Universal Design results in a better design for all. Furthermore, by isolating design for disability as an independent topic in education, or ignoring it altogether, educators create an exclusionist perception of the role and place of individuals with disability in modern society. Modern education programmes which teach design skills are enhanced in quality by mainstreaming Universal Design as a core topic, permeating all that surrounds it. This paper describes …

Go to article

Parallelised Em Wave Progagation Modelling For Accurate Network Simulation, Catalin David, Conor Brennan, Olga Ormond, Marie Mullen Oct 2009

Parallelised Em Wave Progagation Modelling For Accurate Network Simulation, Catalin David, Conor Brennan, Olga Ormond, Marie Mullen

9th. IT & T Conference

A description of ongoing work which aims to provide better quality propagation models for use in network simulators is provided in this paper. A 3D ray-tracing model is described which allows for accurate specification of a variety of wave scattering phenomena. Details of its parallelisation are given as well as a discussion of future work including the incorporation of a visibility algorithm. Results illustrate the increased realism obtained by using site-specific propagation models.

Go to article

Voshm: A Velocity Optimized Seamless Handover Mechanism For Wimax Networks, Chi Ma, Enda Fallon, Yansong Qiao Oct 2009

Voshm: A Velocity Optimized Seamless Handover Mechanism For Wimax Networks, Chi Ma, Enda Fallon, Yansong Qiao

9th. IT & T Conference

For seamless handover in heterogeneous wireless networks, service continuity and minimal handover disruption time are the primary requirements. The emerging Media Independent Handover (MIH) standard proposes to address these requirements through the introduction of link performance prediction features. In particular the MIH Event Service introduces a Link_Going_Down event which utilizes L2 performance characteristics to trigger predictive events. While the MIH standard proposes a framework by which L2 events can be communicated to the upper layer, it does provide detail on the performance characteristics which trigger these events. In this paper, we design a MIH based Velocity Optimized Seamless Handover Mechanism …

Go to article

Qos-Aware Iptv Routing Algorithms, Patrick Mcdonagh, Philip Perry, Liam Murphy Oct 2009

Qos-Aware Iptv Routing Algorithms, Patrick Mcdonagh, Philip Perry, Liam Murphy

9th. IT & T Conference

The aim of this paper is to describe how QoS (Quality of Service) metrics such as packet delay can be used to optimise the routing algorithms used in a network where IP Television (IPTV) content is being distributed. We outline the usage of metric instrumentation in a network to gauge the bandwidth limits of the network and how to use this information to generate a model of network link utilisation. Furthermore, we show that as the link utilisation rates change in our network model, we can modify the network routing algorithms to optimise the distribution of IPTV content to end-users.

Go to article

Development Of A Moodle Course Content Filter Using Meta Data, Kyle Goslin, Markus Hoffmann Oct 2009

Development Of A Moodle Course Content Filter Using Meta Data, Kyle Goslin, Markus Hoffmann

9th. IT & T Conference

Moodle is an E-Learning platform that is in use by many educational institutions across the world. This paper outlines the development of a Course page Content Filter created in PHP which can be applied to a Moodle course page to filter the course’s learning objects, displaying only those documents matching the filter selections. The Course Content Filter has been developed as a code patch to be installed to the Moodle installation and activated by the Moodle administrator. It comprises of additional settings to both the Moodle course page and the learning object upload pages. Filter controls appear at the top …

Go to article

A Novel Protocol For Inter-Vehicular Video Transmission, Kevin O'Flynn, Hrishikesh Venkataraman, Gabriel-Miro Muntean Oct 2009

A Novel Protocol For Inter-Vehicular Video Transmission, Kevin O'Flynn, Hrishikesh Venkataraman, Gabriel-Miro Muntean

9th. IT & T Conference

Over the recent years, there has been an extraordinary increase in the demand for real-time multimedia and infotainment services in vehicular domain. The availability of multimedia services over mobile phones and the tremendous success of low-cost Laptops have given rise to the expectation of providing multimedia services while on the move in vehicles. However, there are significant technological challenges in establishing continuous high-rate communication between the Internet/Multimedia server and the vehicles. The main problem is that it is difficult to provide direct communication between the server and the vehicles especially when the vehicles are moving at a very high speed. …

Go to article

Performance Optimisation Of The Ait Campus Wireless Mesh Network Deployment, Eduardo Brito, Robert Stewart, John Allen, M. H. Hassan Oct 2009

Performance Optimisation Of The Ait Campus Wireless Mesh Network Deployment, Eduardo Brito, Robert Stewart, John Allen, M. H. Hassan

9th. IT & T Conference

The deployment of an 802.11x wireless mesh network in urban areas is a complex task and is traditionally based on an exhaustive site survey, rules-of-thumb or past experiences. In this research we propose exploring the spatial distribution of the clients, the topology and the clutter using software tools from Motorola in a VoWiFi mesh network before deployment. The objective is to obtain the optimal position for the wireless access points that allows an increase in the overall capacity and performance. The cost savings inherent in running real-time applications over IP based wireless mesh networks will be of interest to industry, …

Go to article

Error Rate Based Analytical Switchover Approach For Multi-Homed Body Sensor Networks, Sadik Armagan, Enda Fallon, Yuansong Qiao Oct 2009

Error Rate Based Analytical Switchover Approach For Multi-Homed Body Sensor Networks, Sadik Armagan, Enda Fallon, Yuansong Qiao

9th. IT & T Conference

For patients who have undergone cardiovascular surgery it is necessary to monitor vital signs such as respiration, oxygen in the blood, temperature, and electrocardiogram (ECG) in real time. As well as the sensor device, many existing solutions need a bulky coordinating unit like a PDA located on the patient for network communication. In this paper we investigate an infrastructure mode based approach in which the wireless sensor, communicates directly with the wireless access point. Our investigation particularly focuses on how the emerging technology, Media Independent Handover (MIH) can be used by the wireless sensor to manage path migration. Since MIH …

Go to article

Building Fire Emergency Detection And Response Using Wireless Sensor Networks, Yuanyuan Zeng, Sean Og Murphy, Lanny Sitanayah, Tatiana Tabirca, Thuy Truong, Ken Brown, Cormac Sreenan Oct 2009

Building Fire Emergency Detection And Response Using Wireless Sensor Networks, Yuanyuan Zeng, Sean Og Murphy, Lanny Sitanayah, Tatiana Tabirca, Thuy Truong, Ken Brown, Cormac Sreenan

9th. IT & T Conference

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) provide a low cost solution with respect to maintenance and installation and in particular, building refurbishment and retrofitting are easily accomplished via wireless technologies. Fire emergency detection and response for building environments is a novel application area for the deployment of wireless sensor networks. In such a critical environment, timely data acquisition, detection and response are needed for successful building automation. This paper presents an overview of our recent research activity in this area. Firstly we explain research on communication protocols that are suitable for this problem. Then we describe work on the use of WSNs …

Go to article

Beyond Home Automation: Designing More Effective Smart Home Systems, Paolo Carner Oct 2009

Beyond Home Automation: Designing More Effective Smart Home Systems, Paolo Carner

9th. IT & T Conference

This paper outlines a Smart Home Proof-of-Concept system that uses a Bayesian Network to predict the likelihood of a monitored event to occur. Firstly, this paper will provide an introduction to the concept of a smart home system; then it will outline how Artificial Intelligence concepts can be used to make such systems more effective. Finally, it will detail the implementation of a smart home system, which uses an inference engine to determine the likelihood of a fire. The system prototype has implemented using a LonWorks™ hardware kit and a Netica™ Bayesian Network engine from Norsys.

Go to article

Tracker: Indoor Positioning For The Lok8 Project, Viacheslav Filonenko, James Carswell Oct 2009

Tracker: Indoor Positioning For The Lok8 Project, Viacheslav Filonenko, James Carswell

9th. IT & T Conference

Spatial awareness is identified as a key feature of today’s mobile devices. While outdoor navigation has been accessible and broadly used for some time already with the help of GPS, indoor positioning has not yet made it into mainstream life. GPS and other GNSS systems offer accuracy of a scale different to that required for efficient indoor navigation. This research aims to investigate how a number of sensors such as a Digital Compass, Bluetooth and Accelerometer may be combined to calculate device position and orientation to perform directional querying in a spatial database. These three technologies were chosen because they …

Go to article

Desktop Virtualisation Scaling Experiments With Virtualbox, John Griffin, Paul Doyle Oct 2009

Desktop Virtualisation Scaling Experiments With Virtualbox, John Griffin, Paul Doyle

9th. IT & T Conference

With recent advances in virtualization and a growing concern regarding the administration and cooling costs associated with managing legacy servers, organisations are moving towards server and desktop virtualisation. Virtualisation provides the ability to provision a servers resources efficiently thus increasing hardware utilisation and reducing costs. While server virtualization provides clear advantages with regard to system management, higher system availability and lower recovery times, desktop virtualization is often complicated by the issue of determining the number of concurrent virtual desktops capable of running on a single server while providing acceptable performance to each desktop user. Determining the number of virtualised desktops …

Go to article

An Improved Camshift Algorithm For Target Tracking In Video Surveillance, Chunrong Zhang, Yuansong Qiao, Enda Fallon, Chiangqiao Xu Oct 2009

An Improved Camshift Algorithm For Target Tracking In Video Surveillance, Chunrong Zhang, Yuansong Qiao, Enda Fallon, Chiangqiao Xu

9th. IT & T Conference

Target tracking in a cluttered environment remains a challenging research topic. The task of target tracking is a key component of video surveillance and monitoring systems. In this paper, we present an improved CamShift algorithm for tracking a target in video sequences in real time. Firstly, a background-weighted histogram which helps to distinguish the target from the background and other targets is introduced. Secondly, the window size is calculated to track the target as its shape and orientation change. Finally, we use a Kalman Filter to avoid being trapped by a local maximum. The introduction of the Kalman Filter also …

Go to article

Policy Refinement For Traffic Management In Home Area Networks: Problem Statement, Annie Ibrahim Rana, Micheal O Foghlu Oct 2009

Policy Refinement For Traffic Management In Home Area Networks: Problem Statement, Annie Ibrahim Rana, Micheal O Foghlu

9th. IT & T Conference

Traditional home area network (HAN) equipment is usually unmanaged and network traffic is served in best effort fashion. This type of unmanaged network sometimes causes quality-of-service issues in the HAN, for example loss of quality in streamed video or audio content. Traffic management rules using policies to prioritise certain types of traffic according to user requirements and to assign bandwidth limits to other traffic types. However very little work has been done yet addressing the specification of these requirements, how they would be communicated to the gateway device using policies, and how the policies would be refined into device level …

Go to article

A Mobile Multimodal Dialogue System For Location Based Services, Niels Schütte, John D. Kelleher, Brian Macnamee Oct 2009

A Mobile Multimodal Dialogue System For Location Based Services, Niels Schütte, John D. Kelleher, Brian Macnamee

9th. IT & T Conference

This paper describes ongoing work on the dialogue management components for LOK8, a multimodal dialogue system. We describe our plans for a basic architecture of the system, the rough modules and outline the kinds of models in the project, as well as the next steps in our work.

Go to article

Intelligent Virtual Agent: Creating A Multi-Modal 3d Avatar Interface, Mark Dunne, Brian Mac Namee, John D. Kelleher Oct 2009

Intelligent Virtual Agent: Creating A Multi-Modal 3d Avatar Interface, Mark Dunne, Brian Mac Namee, John D. Kelleher

9th. IT & T Conference

Human-computer interactions can be greatly enhanced by the use of 3D avatars, representing both human users and computer systems in 3D virtual spaces. This allows the human user to interface with the computer system in a natural and intuitive human-to-human dialog (human face-to-face conversation). Hence, continuing to blur the boundaries between the real and virtual worlds. This proposed avatar system will go a step further and will use a camera to track the user’s head and eye movements during the dialog. This information will help to build rapport between the user and computer system by registering the user’s emotional state …

Go to article

Photopolymers: Beyond The Standard Approach To Photosensitisation, Izabela Naydenova, Suzanne Martin, Vincent Toal Sep 2009

Photopolymers: Beyond The Standard Approach To Photosensitisation, Izabela Naydenova, Suzanne Martin, Vincent Toal

Articles

A photopolymerizable material for use in the visible normally consists of a dye sensitizer, a free radical generator, monomer/monomers and, optionally, a binder, and is prepared usually as a dry or liquid film. Upon illumination with light of appropriate wavelength, a photopolymerisation reaction is triggered, leading to a change in the film’s refractive index. Because the presence of the dye is essential, the film is usually made sensitive to light during its preparation. Here we separate the film preparation and the sensitisation processes. In this way the photopolymerisation process can be used to detect dye labelled analytes, providing an alternative …

Go to article

Spectroscopic Investigation Of The Anatase-To-Rutile Transformation Of Sol-Gel Synthesised Tio2 Photocatalysts, Nicholas Nolan, Suresh Pillai, Michael Seery Sep 2009

Spectroscopic Investigation Of The Anatase-To-Rutile Transformation Of Sol-Gel Synthesised Tio2 Photocatalysts, Nicholas Nolan, Suresh Pillai, Michael Seery

Articles

Among the three major phases in titania, anatase is reported to be a better photocatalytically active phase. Anatase to rutile transformations, under normal conditions, usually occurs at a temperatue range of 600- 700 °C. Various chemical additives have previously been employed to extend the anatase transition to higher temperatures. Effect of employing various concentrations of formic acid and water on phase transition has systematically been studied by XRD, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. A considerably higher anatase phase (41%) has been obtained at 800 ºC and 10% anatase composition is retained after annealing the materials at 900 ºC for the optimised …

Go to article

Next Last