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Articles 1 - 30 of 38
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Measured Optical Constants Of Copper From 10 Nm To 35 Nm, David D. Allred, Nicole Brimhall, Nicholas Herrick, Justin Peatross, R. Steven Turley, Michael Ware
Measured Optical Constants Of Copper From 10 Nm To 35 Nm, David D. Allred, Nicole Brimhall, Nicholas Herrick, Justin Peatross, R. Steven Turley, Michael Ware
Faculty Publications
We use laser high-order harmonics and a polarization-ratioreflectance technique to determine the optical constants of copper and oxidized copper in the wavelength range 10-35 nm. This measurement resolves previously conflicting data sets, where disagreement on optical constants of copper in the extreme ultraviolet most likely arises from inadvertent oxidation of samples before measurement.
Fused Visible And Infrared Video For Use In Wilderness Search And Rescue, Dennis Eggett, Michael A. Goodrich, Bryan S. Morse, Nathan Rasmussen
Fused Visible And Infrared Video For Use In Wilderness Search And Rescue, Dennis Eggett, Michael A. Goodrich, Bryan S. Morse, Nathan Rasmussen
Faculty Publications
Mini Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (mUAVs) have the potential to assist Wilderness Search and Rescue groups by providing a bird’s eye view of the search area. This paper proposes a method for augmenting visible-spectrum searching with infrared sensing in order to make use of thermal search clues. It details a method for combining the color and heat information from these two modalities into a single fused display to reduce needed screen space for remote field use. To align the video frames for fusion, a method for simultaneously pre-calibrating the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of the cameras and their mount using a …
Gpu-Accelerated Hierarchical Dense Correspondence For Real-Time Aerial Video Processing, Stephen Cluff, Bryan S. Morse, Jonathan D. Cohen, Mark Duchaineau
Gpu-Accelerated Hierarchical Dense Correspondence For Real-Time Aerial Video Processing, Stephen Cluff, Bryan S. Morse, Jonathan D. Cohen, Mark Duchaineau
Faculty Publications
Video from aerial surveillance can provide a rich source of data for many applications and can be enhanced for display and analysis through such methods as mosaic construction, super-resolution, and mover detection. All of these methods require accurate frame-to-frame registration, which for live use must be performed in real time. In many situations, scene parallax may make alignment using global transformations impossible or error-prone, limiting the performance of subsequent processing and applications. For these cases, dense (per-pixel) correspondence is required, but this can be computationally prohibitive. This paper presents a hierarchical dense correspondence algorithm designed for implementation on graphics processing …
Classifying Sentence-Based Summaries Of Web Documents, Yiu-Kai D. Ng, Maria Soledad Pera
Classifying Sentence-Based Summaries Of Web Documents, Yiu-Kai D. Ng, Maria Soledad Pera
Faculty Publications
Text classification categorizes Web documents in large collections into predefined classes based on their contents. Unfortunately, the classification process can be time-consuming and users are still required to spend considerable amount of time scanning through the classified Web documents to identify the ones that satisfy their information needs. In solving this problem, we first introduce CorSum, an extractive single-document summarization approach, which is simple and effective in performing the summarization task, since it only relies on word similarity to generate high-quality summaries. Hereafter, we train a Naïve Bayes classifier on CorSum-generated summaries and verify the classification accuracy using the summaries …
Chemalign: Biologically Relevant Multiple Sequence Alignment Using Physicochemical Properties, Hyrum Carroll, Mark J. Clement, Quinn O. Snell, David Mcclellan
Chemalign: Biologically Relevant Multiple Sequence Alignment Using Physicochemical Properties, Hyrum Carroll, Mark J. Clement, Quinn O. Snell, David Mcclellan
Faculty Publications
We present a new algorithm, ChemAlign, that uses physicochemical properties and secondary structure elements to create biologically relevant multiple sequence alignments (MSAs). Additionally, we introduce the Physicochemical Property Difference (PPD) score for the evaluation of MSAs. This score is the normalized difference of physicochemical property values between a calculated and a reference alignment. It takes a step beyond sequence similarity and measures characteristics of the amino acids to provide a more biologically relevant metric. ChemAlign is able to produce more biologically correct alignments and can help to identify potential drug docking sites.
Mcc: A Runtime Verification Tool For Mcapi User Applications, Eric G. Mercer, Ganesh Gopalakrishnan, Jim Holt, Subodh Sharma
Mcc: A Runtime Verification Tool For Mcapi User Applications, Eric G. Mercer, Ganesh Gopalakrishnan, Jim Holt, Subodh Sharma
Faculty Publications
We present a dynamic verification tool MCC for Multicore Communication API applications – a new API for communication among cores. MCC systematically explores all relevant interleavings of an MCAPI application using a tailormade dynamic partial order reduction algorithm (DPOR). Our contributions are (i) a way to model the non-overtaking message matching relation underlying MCAPI calls with a high level algorithm to effect DPOR for MCAPI that controls the lower level details so that the intended executions happen at runtime; and (ii) a list of default safety properties that can be utilized in the process of verification. To our knowledge, this …
Livecut: Learning-Based Interactive Video Segmentation By Evaluation Of Multiple Propagated Cues, Bryan S. Morse, Brian L. Price, Scott Cohen
Livecut: Learning-Based Interactive Video Segmentation By Evaluation Of Multiple Propagated Cues, Bryan S. Morse, Brian L. Price, Scott Cohen
Faculty Publications
Video sequences contain many cues that may be used to segment objects in them, such as color, gradient, color adjacency, shape, temporal coherence, camera and object motion, and easily-trackable points. This paper introduces LIVEcut, a novel method for interactively selecting objects in video sequences by extracting and leveraging as much of this information as possible. Using a graph-cut optimization framework, LIVEcut propagates the selection forward frame by frame, allowing the user to correct any mistakes along the way if needed. Enhanced methods of extracting many of the features are provided. In order to use the most accurate information from the …
Versatile Reactive Navigation, Robert P. Burton, Luther A. Tychonievich, Louis P. Tychonievich
Versatile Reactive Navigation, Robert P. Burton, Luther A. Tychonievich, Louis P. Tychonievich
Faculty Publications
Most autonomous mobile agents operate in a highly constrained environment. Despite significant research, existing solutions are limited in their ability to handle heterogeneous constraints within highly dynamic or uncertain environments. This paper presents a novel maneuver selection technique suited for both 2D and 3D environments with highly dynamic maneuvering constraints and multiple mobile obstacles. Agents may have any arbitrary set of nonholonomic control variables; maneuvers can be constrained by a broad class of function inequalities, including time-dependent constraints involving nonlinear relationships between controlled and agent-state variables. The resulting algorithm has been implemented to run in real time using only a …
Uav Intelligent Path Planning For Wilderness Search And Rescue, Michael A. Goodrich, Lanny Lin
Uav Intelligent Path Planning For Wilderness Search And Rescue, Michael A. Goodrich, Lanny Lin
Faculty Publications
In the priority search phase of Wilderness Search and Rescue, a probability distribution map is created. Areas with higher probabilities are searched first in order to find the missing person in the shortest expected time. When using a UAV to support search, the onboard video camera should cover as much of the important areas as possible within a set time. We explore several algorithms (with and without set destination) and describe some novel techniques in solving this problem and compare their performances against typical WiSAR scenarios. This problem is NP-hard, but our algorithms yield high quality solutions that approximate the …
Reducing Source Load In Bittorrent, Brian Sanderson, Daniel Zappala
Reducing Source Load In Bittorrent, Brian Sanderson, Daniel Zappala
Faculty Publications
One of the main goals of BitTorrent is to reduce load on web servers by encouraging clients to share content between themselves. However, BitTorrent’s current design relies heavily on the original source to serve a disproportionate amount of the file. We modify standard BitTorrent software so that a source determines the current popularity of each of the blocks of a file and tries to serve only those blocks that are rare. Using extensive PlanetLab experiments, we show that this modification can save a significant amount of the source’s upload bandwidth, with the tradeoff of some increased peer download time. In …
Generating Derivative Structures From Multilattices: Algorithm And Application To Hcp Alloys, Gus L. W. Hart, Rodney W. Forcade
Generating Derivative Structures From Multilattices: Algorithm And Application To Hcp Alloys, Gus L. W. Hart, Rodney W. Forcade
Faculty Publications
We present an algorithm for generating all derivative superstructures of a nonprimitive parent lattice. The algorithm has immediate application in important materials design problems such as modeling hexagonal-close-packed (hcp) alloys. Extending the work of Hart and Forcade [Phys. Rev. B 77, 224115 (2008)] (which applies only to Bravais lattices), this approach applies to arbitrary multilattices. The algorithm enumerates superlattices and atomic configurations using permutation groups rather than direct geometric comparisons. The key concept is to use the quotient group associated with each superlattice to determine all unique atomic configurations. The algorithm is very efficient; the run time scales linearly with …
Energy Current Imaging Method For Time Reversal In Elastic Media, Brian E. Anderson, Michele Griffa, Robert A. Guyer, Paul A. Johnson, Carene Larmat, Pierre-Yves Le Bas, Timothy J. Ulrich
Energy Current Imaging Method For Time Reversal In Elastic Media, Brian E. Anderson, Michele Griffa, Robert A. Guyer, Paul A. Johnson, Carene Larmat, Pierre-Yves Le Bas, Timothy J. Ulrich
Faculty Publications
An energy current imaging method is presented for use in locating sources of wave energy during the back propagation stage of the time reversal process. During the back propagation phase of an ideal time reversal experiment, wave energy coalesces from all angles of incidence to recreate the source event; after the recreation, wave energy diverges in every direction. An energy current imaging method based on this convergence/divergence behavior has been developed. The energy current imaging method yields a smaller spatial distribution for source reconstruction than is possible with traditional energy imaging methods.
Verifying Predictions Of The L13 Crystal Structure In Cd-Pt And Pd-Pt By Exhaustive Enumeration, Gus L. W. Hart
Verifying Predictions Of The L13 Crystal Structure In Cd-Pt And Pd-Pt By Exhaustive Enumeration, Gus L. W. Hart
Faculty Publications
In 2001, S. Müller and A. Zunger [Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 165502 (2001)] predicted a never-before-observed crystal structure in Ag-Pd. Recently, Curtarolo predicted the same structure to be stable in Pt-Cd and Pt-Pd [S. Curtarolo et. Al., CALPHAD: Comput. Coupling Phase Diagrams Thermochem. 29, 163 (2005)]. The predicted structure is unique in several ways. though never seen in any other face-centered-cubic-based intermetallic binary compound or ordered alloy, it is relatively simple—it contains only four atoms per unit cell. Furthermore, the structure is the only one of this small size, except the L12 structure, that cannot be characterized as a simple …
A Sophisticated Library Search Strategy Using Folksonomies And Similarity Matching, William Lund, Yiu-Kai D. Ng, Maria Soledad Pera
A Sophisticated Library Search Strategy Using Folksonomies And Similarity Matching, William Lund, Yiu-Kai D. Ng, Maria Soledad Pera
Faculty Publications
Libraries, private and public, offer valuable resources to library patrons. As of today the only way to locate information archived exclusively in libraries is through their catalogs. Library patrons, however, often find it difficult to formulate a proper query, which requires using specific keywords assigned to different fields of desired library catalog records, to obtain relevant results. These improperly formulated queries often yield irrelevant results or no results at all. This negative experience in dealing with existing library systems turn library patrons away from library catalogs; instead, they rely on Web search engines to perform their searches first and upon …
Improving The Separability Of A Reservoir Facilitates Learning Transfer, David Norton, Dan A. Ventura
Improving The Separability Of A Reservoir Facilitates Learning Transfer, David Norton, Dan A. Ventura
Faculty Publications
We use a type of reservoir computing called the liquid state machine (LSM) to explore learning transfer. The Liquid State Machine (LSM) is a neural network model that uses a reservoir of recurrent spiking neurons as a filter for a readout function. We develop a method of training the reservoir, or liquid, that is not driven by residual error. Instead, the liquid is evaluated based on its ability to separate different classes of input into different spatial patterns of neural activity. Using this method, we train liquids on two qualitatively different types of artificial problems. Resulting liquids are shown to …
Music Recommendation And Query-By-Content Using Self-Organizing Maps, Kyle B. Dickerson, Dan A. Ventura
Music Recommendation And Query-By-Content Using Self-Organizing Maps, Kyle B. Dickerson, Dan A. Ventura
Faculty Publications
The ever-increasing density of computer storage devices has allowed the average user to store enormous quantities of multimedia content, and a large amount of this content is usually music. Current search techniques for musical content rely on meta-data tags which describe artist, album, year, genre, etc. Query-by-content systems allow users to search based upon the acoustical content of the songs. Recent systems have mainly depended upon textual representations of the queries and targets in order to apply common string-matching algorithms. However, these methods lose much of the information content of the song and limit the ways in which a user …
Super-Resolution Via Recapture And Bayesian Effect Modeling, Bryan S. Morse, Kevin Seppi, Neil Toronto, Dan A. Ventura
Super-Resolution Via Recapture And Bayesian Effect Modeling, Bryan S. Morse, Kevin Seppi, Neil Toronto, Dan A. Ventura
Faculty Publications
This paper presents Bayesian edge inference (BEI), a single-frame super-resolution method explicitly grounded in Bayesian inference that addresses issues common to existing methods. Though the best give excellent results at modest magnification factors, they suffer from gradient stepping and boundary coherence problems by factors of 4x. Central to BEI is a causal framework that allows image capture and recapture to be modeled differently, a principled way of undoing downsampling blur, and a technique for incorporating Markov random field potentials arbitrarily into Bayesian networks. Besides addressing gradient and boundary issues, BEI is shown to be competitive with existing methods on published …
An Exploration Of Topologies And Communication In Large Particle Swarms, Matthew Gardner, Andrew Mcnabb, Kevin Seppi
An Exploration Of Topologies And Communication In Large Particle Swarms, Matthew Gardner, Andrew Mcnabb, Kevin Seppi
Faculty Publications
Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) has typically been used with small swarms of about 50 particles. However, PSO is more efficiently parallelized with large swarms. We formally describe existing topologies and identify variations which are better suited to large swarms in both sequential and parallel computing environments. We examine the performance of PSO for benchmark functions with respect to swarm size and topology. We develop and demonstrate a new PSO variant which leverages the unique strengths of large swarms. “Hearsay PSO” allows for information to flow quickly through the swarm, even with very loosely connected topologies. These loosely connected topologies are …
Ionic Selectivity In L-Type Calcium Channels By Electrostatics And Hard-Core Repulsion, Dezso Boda, Douglas Henderson, Monika Valisko, Bob Eisenberg, Dirk Gillespie
Ionic Selectivity In L-Type Calcium Channels By Electrostatics And Hard-Core Repulsion, Dezso Boda, Douglas Henderson, Monika Valisko, Bob Eisenberg, Dirk Gillespie
Faculty Publications
A physical model of selective "ion binding" in the L-type calcium channel is constructed, and consequences of the model are compared with experimental data. This reduced model treats only ions and the carboxylate oxygens of the EEEE locus explicitly and restricts interactions to hard-core repulsion and ion–ion and ion–dielectric electrostatic forces. The structural atoms provide a flexible environment for passing cations, thus resulting in a self-organized induced-fit model of the selectivity filter. Experimental conditions involving binary mixtures of alkali and/or alkaline earth metal ions are computed using equilibrium Monte Carlo simulations in the grand canonical ensemble. The model pore rejects …
Impact Of Spherical Probe Scattering On Estimation Of Acoustic Vector Quantities. (A), Curtis P. Wiederhold, Kent L. Gee, Derek C. Thomas, Scott D. Sommerfeldt, Jonathan D. Blotter
Impact Of Spherical Probe Scattering On Estimation Of Acoustic Vector Quantities. (A), Curtis P. Wiederhold, Kent L. Gee, Derek C. Thomas, Scott D. Sommerfeldt, Jonathan D. Blotter
Faculty Publications
Multimicrophone probes are often used to measure energy-based acoustical quantities. In some cases, these probes consist of microphones mounted on the surface of a sphere, which, due to the high level of symmetry, permits scattering effects to be better characterized. Scattering of a plane wave incident on a rigid sphere has been modeled to observe how particle velocity and intensity calculations are affected by the presence of the sphere. These effects have been investigated for the traditional "finite-difference" method and a recently developed "wave vector" estimation method. In the computer model, 3-D surface plots were made showing the calculated error …
Test Case Generation Using Model Checking For Software Components Deployed Into New Environments, Tonglaga Bao, Michael D. Jones
Test Case Generation Using Model Checking For Software Components Deployed Into New Environments, Tonglaga Bao, Michael D. Jones
Faculty Publications
In this paper, we show how to generate test cases for a component deployed into a new software environment. This problem is important for software engineers who need to deploy a component into a new environment. Most existing model based testing approaches generate models from high level specifications. This leaves a semantic gap between the high level specification and the actual implementation. Furthermore, the high level specification often needs to be manually translated into a model, which is a time consuming and error prone process. We propose generating the model automatically by abstracting the source code of the component using …
Resonant Microwave Cavity For 8.5-12 Ghz Optically Detected Electron Spin Resonance With Simultaneous Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, John S. Colton, L. R. Wienkes
Resonant Microwave Cavity For 8.5-12 Ghz Optically Detected Electron Spin Resonance With Simultaneous Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, John S. Colton, L. R. Wienkes
Faculty Publications
We present a newly developed microwave resonant cavity for use in optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) experiments. The cylindrical quasi-TE 011 mode cavity is designed to fit in a 1 in. magnet bore to allow the sample to be optically accessed and to have an adjustable resonant frequency between 8.5 and 12 GHz. The cavity uses cylinders of high dielectric material, so-called "dielectric resonators," in a double-stacked configuration to determine the resonant frequency. Wires in a pseudo-Helmholtz configuration are incorporated into the cavity to provide frequencies for simultaneous nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The system was tested by measuring cavity absorption …
The 20-Minute Genealogist: A Context-Preservation Metaphor For Assisted Family History Research, Charles D. Knutson, Jonathan Krein
The 20-Minute Genealogist: A Context-Preservation Metaphor For Assisted Family History Research, Charles D. Knutson, Jonathan Krein
Faculty Publications
What can you possibly do to be productive as a family history researcher in 20 minutes per week? Our studies suggest that currently the answer is, “Nothing.” In 20 minutes a would-be researcher can’t even remember what happened last week, let alone what they were planning to do next. The 20-Minute Genealogist is a powerful metaphor within which software solutions must consider context preservation as the fundamental domain of the system, thus freeing the researcher to do research while the software manages the tasks that computers do best. Two survey-based studies were conducted that indicate a significant disconnect between the …
A Dynamic Attribute-Based Data Filtering And Recovery Scheme For Web Information Processing, Amit Ahuja, Yiu-Kai D. Ng
A Dynamic Attribute-Based Data Filtering And Recovery Scheme For Web Information Processing, Amit Ahuja, Yiu-Kai D. Ng
Faculty Publications
Web data being transmitted over a network channel on the Internet with excessive amount of data causes data processing problems, which include selectively choosing useful information to be retained for various data applications. In this paper, we present an approach for filtering less-informative attribute data from a source Website. A scheme for filtering attributes, instead of tuples (records), from a Website becomes imperative, since filtering a complete tuple would lead to filtering some informative, as well as less-informative, attribute data in the tuple. Since filtered data at the source Website may be of interest to the user at the destination …
Survival Analysis With High-Dimensional Covariates: An Application In Microarray Studies, David Engler, Yi Li
Survival Analysis With High-Dimensional Covariates: An Application In Microarray Studies, David Engler, Yi Li
Faculty Publications
Use of microarray technology often leads to high-dimensional and low-sample size (HDLSS) data settings. A variety of approaches have been proposed for variable selection in this context. However, only a small number of these have been adapted for time-to-event data where censoring is present. Among standard variable selection methods shown both to have good predictive accuracy and to be computationally efficient is the elastic net penalization approach. In this paper, adaptations of the elastic net approach are presented for variable selection both under the Cox proportional hazards model and under an accelerated failure time (AFT) model. Assessment of the two …
Quasi-Anosov Diffeomorphisms Of 3-Manifolds, Todd L. Fisher, Hertz M. Rodriguez
Quasi-Anosov Diffeomorphisms Of 3-Manifolds, Todd L. Fisher, Hertz M. Rodriguez
Faculty Publications
In 1969, Hirsch posed the following problem: given a diffeomorphism f:N → N and a compact invariant hyperbolic set Λ of f, describe the topology of Λ and the dynamics of f restricted to Λ. We solve the problem where Λ=M^3 is a closed 3-manifold: if M^3 is orientable, then it is a connected sum of tori and handles; otherwise it is a connected sum of tori and handles quotiented by involutions.
Spamed: A Spam Email Detection Approach Based On Phrase Similarity, Yiu-Kai D. Ng, Maria Soledad Pera
Spamed: A Spam Email Detection Approach Based On Phrase Similarity, Yiu-Kai D. Ng, Maria Soledad Pera
Faculty Publications
Emails are unquestionably one of the most popular communication media these days. Not only they are fast and reliable, but also free in general. Unfortunately, a significant number of emails received by email users on a daily basis are spam. This fact is annoying, since spam emails translate into a waste of user’s time in reviewing and deleting them. In addition, spam emails consume resources, such as storage, bandwidth, and computer processing time. Many attempts have been made in the past to eradicate spam emails; however, none has been proved highly effective. In this paper, we propose a spam-email detection …
Author Entropy Vs. File Size In The Gnome Suite Of Applications, Jason R. Casebolt, Daniel P. Delorey, Charles D. Knutson, Jonathan Krein, Alexander C. Maclean
Author Entropy Vs. File Size In The Gnome Suite Of Applications, Jason R. Casebolt, Daniel P. Delorey, Charles D. Knutson, Jonathan Krein, Alexander C. Maclean
Faculty Publications
We present the results of a study in which author entropy was used to characterize author contributions per file. Our analysis reveals three patterns: banding in the data, uneven distribution of data across bands, and file size dependent distributions within bands. Our re- sults suggest that when two authors contribute to a file, large files are more likely to have a dominant author than smaller files.
Spin Dynamics For Wave Packets In Rashba Systems, Bailey C. Hsu, Jean F. Van Huele
Spin Dynamics For Wave Packets In Rashba Systems, Bailey C. Hsu, Jean F. Van Huele
Faculty Publications
We explore spin dynamics for localized wave packets in Rashba systems using spin quantum propagators. We derive exact (one-dimensional) and approximate (two-dimensional) analytic expressions for the propagators and apply them to Gaussian wave packets to obtain localized solutions of systems manifesting Rashba interactions. We observe and describe the evolution of the wave packets. We identify characteristic structures in the wave-packet evolution and look for features with specific spintronics applications such as spin separation and spin accumulation. We discuss the relative importance of those features as a function of the Rashba coupling strength α and the width of the wave packet …
Effective Medium Theory, Rough Surfaces, And Moth’S Eyes, David D. Allred, Zephne Larsen, Joseph Muhlestein, R. Steven Turley, Anthony Willey
Effective Medium Theory, Rough Surfaces, And Moth’S Eyes, David D. Allred, Zephne Larsen, Joseph Muhlestein, R. Steven Turley, Anthony Willey
Faculty Publications
Optics in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) have important applications in microelectronics, microscopy, space physics, and in imaging plasmas. Because of the short wavelengths involved in these applications, it is critical to account for interfacial roughness to accurately predict the reflection and absorption of XUV optics. This paper examines two possible effects of roughness on optical absorption, non-specular reflection and enhanced transmission and compares these to measured experimental data on a rough Y2O3 thin film.