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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A User's Manual For Computer Programs Used In: Model Choice: An Operational Comparison Of Stochastic Streamflow Models For Droughts, W. Robert James, David S. Bowles, Nath T. Kottegoda
A User's Manual For Computer Programs Used In: Model Choice: An Operational Comparison Of Stochastic Streamflow Models For Droughts, W. Robert James, David S. Bowles, Nath T. Kottegoda
Reports
The rapid development of stochastic or operational hydrology over the past 10 years has led to the need for some comparative analyses of the currently available long-term persistence models. Five annual stochastic streamflow generation models (autoregressive, autoregressive-moviing-average (ARMA), ARMA-Markov, fast fractional Gaussian noise, and broken line) are compared on their ability to preserved drought-related time series properties and annual statistics. Using Monto Carlo generation procedures and comparing the average generated statistics and drought or water supply properties, a basis is established to evaluated model performance on four different Utah study streams. A seasonal disaggregation model is applied to each of …
Update On Estimation Of Water Surface Elevation Probabilities For The Great Salt Lake, L. Douglas James, David S. Bowles, W. Robert James, Ronald V. Canfield
Update On Estimation Of Water Surface Elevation Probabilities For The Great Salt Lake, L. Douglas James, David S. Bowles, W. Robert James, Ronald V. Canfield
Reports
The techniques of operational hydrology, employing an autoregrssive moving average (ARMA (1,0) model were used to replicate historical patterns of streamflow into, precipitation on, and evaporation from the Great Salt Lake. The results were combined with a lake water balance model to simulate lake stage sequences beginning with known initial conditions and extending up to 125 years into the future and used to generate probability distributions for future lake stages. Starting with a spring 1980 high stage of 4200.45 ft msl, the best estimate is that the 1981 spring high will be 4200.19, but there is one change in four …
Hydrosalinity Impacts Of Conservation Measures In The Sevier River Basin, Eugene K. Israelsen
Hydrosalinity Impacts Of Conservation Measures In The Sevier River Basin, Eugene K. Israelsen
Reports
The Sevier River Basin is a water short basin wherein upstream diversions not consumptively used become the water right for downstream users. The diversion-return cycle occurs several times as the stream travels from its mountain source areas to the terminal lake at the lower end of the basin. This study dealt with the proposed implementation of conservation measures which would wawste less diverted water and allow for irrigation of additional acres. The objective was to predict the hydrosalinity impacts of the implementation of these measures. The results indicated that increased consumptive use in the upper areas would decrease the water …
Water Quality In Pleasant Valley, Utah, Calvin G. Clyde, Dennis B. George, Kun Mo Lee, Phil Pucel, William Hay
Water Quality In Pleasant Valley, Utah, Calvin G. Clyde, Dennis B. George, Kun Mo Lee, Phil Pucel, William Hay
Reports
Pollution of shallow groundwater due to wastewater disposal in Pleasant Valley, Utah, was investigated from October 1979 through August 1980. Water samples were collected from 23 wells and 5 stream sampling sites. Water quality analysis revealed pollution at several sites. Groundwater pollution caused by man’s activities in the area was observed in Bolotas and Scofield Campsite subdivisions. Severe shallow groundwater pollution measured in wells which were located in south and north profiles of the town of Scofield, Utah, could have originated from the municipal waste disposal practice in the town. Natural phenomena, however, such as pyrite oxidation, could possible have …
Lime Neutralization Of So2 Treated Wastewater After Air Stripping, V. Dean Adams
Lime Neutralization Of So2 Treated Wastewater After Air Stripping, V. Dean Adams
Reports
No abstract provided.
Ph Neutralization And Phosphorus Removal From A Sulfur Dioxide (So2) Treated Wastewater Using Lime (Ca(Oh)2) Addition, V. Dean Adams, Richard J. Watts
Ph Neutralization And Phosphorus Removal From A Sulfur Dioxide (So2) Treated Wastewater Using Lime (Ca(Oh)2) Addition, V. Dean Adams, Richard J. Watts
Reports
No abstract provided.
Sulfur Dioxide Treatment Of Secondary Sewage: Effect On Viruses, V. Dean Adams
Sulfur Dioxide Treatment Of Secondary Sewage: Effect On Viruses, V. Dean Adams
Reports
No abstract provided.
Evaluation Of Wastewater Filtration, Bryant L. Benth, E. Joe Middlebrooks, Dennis B. George, James H. Reynolds
Evaluation Of Wastewater Filtration, Bryant L. Benth, E. Joe Middlebrooks, Dennis B. George, James H. Reynolds
Reports
Tertiary filtration of secondary wastewater is frequently used to improve wastewater treatment plant effluent quality. Four experimental filter columns were operated at the Preston, Idaho, Wastewater Treatment Plant to evaluate the effectiveness of granular media, gravity filtration. The Preston plant is a trickling filter secondary treatment plant and services a population of approximately 3600 people. Four filter medium configurations were studied. Multi-media, dual-media, and single-media beds were constructed with the following media configurations: (1) coal-sand-garnet; (2) coal-sand; (3) sand-garnet; and (4) all sand. The filters were operated at two hydraulic loading rates. Effluents from the primary clarifier, trickling filter, and …
Energy Siting In Utah: A Programming Model, Donald L. Snyder, John E. Keith, Terrence F. Glover, Gene L. Wooldridge
Energy Siting In Utah: A Programming Model, Donald L. Snyder, John E. Keith, Terrence F. Glover, Gene L. Wooldridge
Reports
Using a conceptual model of a multiple-product firm, the necessary conditions for an optimal input and output allocation were determined for a region constrained by resource availabilities and/or policy constraints. A linear programming model was developed to deteremine the optimal allocation of water between agricultural and coal-fired electrical generating entities as well as the trade offs which could occur if electrical generation were increased. Other areas of potential trade offs such as coal source restrictions and air quality regualtions were also examined. Coal mining and transportation costs were included as were SO2, Nox, and particulate emission rates on a coal …
Calcium Carbonate Precipitation As Influenced By Stream Primary Production, Gretchen L. Rupp, V. Dean Adams
Calcium Carbonate Precipitation As Influenced By Stream Primary Production, Gretchen L. Rupp, V. Dean Adams
Reports
The potential influence of periphyton photosynthesis on calcium carbonate precipitation was studied for the Logan River, Bear River Mountains, northern Utah. The water chemistry, hydrology, and benthic primary production of the river were monitored for one year. periphyton photosynthesis and calcium carbonate precipitation were measured concurrently in laboratory experiments utilizing radioisotopic tracers. These experiments investigated the effects of water temperature, velocity, and macronutrient concentration on photosynthetically induced calcium carbonate precipitation. In these experiments, the biologic induction of calcium carbonate precipitation was not correlated with water nutrient level. It did, however, reflect water temperature, and was greatest at approximately 10 degrees …
The Occurrence Of Trihalomethane Compounds In Salt Lake City And Ogden, Utah, Drinking Water Supplies, Thomas Peters, V. Dean Adams, Dennis B. George
The Occurrence Of Trihalomethane Compounds In Salt Lake City And Ogden, Utah, Drinking Water Supplies, Thomas Peters, V. Dean Adams, Dennis B. George
Reports
A purge and trap, gas chromatography system was developed to analyze for trihalomethane (THMs) compounds at the ppb (parts per billion) level in drinking water. Monthly influent and effluent samples were taken from three Weber Basin Water Conservancy Distrcit treatment plants, three Salt Lake City water treatmetn platns, and one Slat Lake Metropolitan water treatment plant. In addition tap water samples were taken at various business and residential locations in Salt Lake City, Utah, and Ogen, Utah. All samples were analyzed for trihalomethanes and total organic carbon (TOC). In addition to monthly sampling, a comparison of the production of THMs …
The Kinetics Of Rotating Biological Contactors Treating Domestic Wastewater, Abraham Pano, E. Joe Middlebrooks, J. H. Reynolds
The Kinetics Of Rotating Biological Contactors Treating Domestic Wastewater, Abraham Pano, E. Joe Middlebrooks, J. H. Reynolds
Reports
Four, four-stage, laboratory scale rotating biological contactor (RBC) units were employed to develop kinetic models for the RBC process when treating domestic wastewater. The study was conducted at three different temperatures of 5 degrees C, 15 degrees C, and 20 degrees C. Each unit operated at a different constant organic loading rate taht ranged from 4 qCOD/m^2/d to 14 gCOD/m^2/d and at a constand detention time of 2 hours. Carbonaceous substrate removals measured as COD cencentrations with the four-stage RBC's were 80, 85, and 90 percent for 5 degrees C, 15 degrees C, and 20 degrees C, respectively. The major …
Natural Salinity Removal Processes In Reservoirs, Jay J. Messer, Eugene K. Israelsen, V. Dean Adams
Natural Salinity Removal Processes In Reservoirs, Jay J. Messer, Eugene K. Israelsen, V. Dean Adams
Reports
A small but significant amount of salinity removal has been reported by various authors to occur in mainstem Colorado River reservoirs. Recalculation of some of these salinity budgets, together with a review of the data bases used, usggests taht removal has not often been conclusively demonstrated. Laboratory microcosm experiments and field data indicate that calcium carbonate precipitation, perhaps with some coprecipitation of magnesium carbonate, is the mechanism responsible for most of the salinity removal in Oneida Reservoir, Idaho. Coprecipitation processes (including ion exchange), coagulation, and bioassimilation do not appear to be important natural salinity removal mechanisms. Finally, loss of calcium, …
A Methodology For Public-Planner Interaction In Multiobjective Project Planning And Evaluation, Mac Mckee, T. Ward Morgan, Rangesan Narayanan, A. Bruce Bishop
A Methodology For Public-Planner Interaction In Multiobjective Project Planning And Evaluation, Mac Mckee, T. Ward Morgan, Rangesan Narayanan, A. Bruce Bishop
Reports
A review of current multiple objective planning techniques is presented. A critique of certain classes of these techniques is offered, especially in terms of the degree to which they facilitate certain information needs of the planning process. Various tools in operations research are used to constructed a new multiple objective planning methodology, called the "Vector Optimization Decision Convergence Algorithm" (VODCA). An application of the methodology pertaining to water resources development in Utah is documented.
Erosion Inhibitor Performance Evaluation Under Simulated Wind And Rain, C. Earl Israelsen, Eugene K. Israelsen, William N. Mcneill
Erosion Inhibitor Performance Evaluation Under Simulated Wind And Rain, C. Earl Israelsen, Eugene K. Israelsen, William N. Mcneill
Reports
Introduction: Increasing public awareness of the desireability of protecting the environment from soil erosion caused by wind and water has centered attention on large construction projects such as highways and housing subdivisions, as well as on individual building sites and parking lots. If unattended, sediment produced from these areas pollutes surface water, restricts drainage, fills reservoirs, damages adjacent land, and upsets the natural ecology of lakes and streams. The search continues for products and practices that will prevent of lessen the amount of sediment leaving construction sites. Products currently in use include chemical as well as organic materials, and they …
Model Choice: An Operational Comparison Of Stochastic Streamflow Models For Droughts, W. Robert James, David S. Bowles, Nath T. Kottegoda
Model Choice: An Operational Comparison Of Stochastic Streamflow Models For Droughts, W. Robert James, David S. Bowles, Nath T. Kottegoda
Reports
The rapid development of stochastic or operational hydrology over the past 10 years has led to the need for some comparative analyses of the currently available long-term persistence models. Five annual stochastic streamflow generation models (autoregressive, autoregressive-moving-average (ARMA), ARMA-Markov, fast fractional Gaussian noise, and broken line) are compared on their ability to preserve drought-related time series properties and annual statistics. Using Monte Carlo generation procedures and comparing the average generated statistics and drought or water supply properties, a basis is established to evalute model performance on four different Utah study streams. A seasonal disaggregation model is applied to each of …
Design Considerations In The Use Of Glauber Salt For Energy Storage, Duane G. Chadwick, Kim H. Sherwood
Design Considerations In The Use Of Glauber Salt For Energy Storage, Duane G. Chadwick, Kim H. Sherwood
Reports
Various design concepts for the utilization of the latent heat of Glauber salt at temperatues between 25 degrees C and 50 degrees C were studied. Consideration was given to system economics and what particular heat storage system if perfected would be most cost effective. The problems of limited crystal size and heat transfer into and out of salt crystals is discussed. Crystal size is affected by the degree of agitation the salt solution experiences during the salt cooling process. Consequently, crystal size was moderated in a favorable way by introducing air bubbles at the bottom of the salt container. As …
A Laboratory Evaluation Of Leachate From The Jim Bridger Power Plant Scrubber Wastes, V. Dean Adams, Mary E. Pitts, Megan J. Dyer
A Laboratory Evaluation Of Leachate From The Jim Bridger Power Plant Scrubber Wastes, V. Dean Adams, Mary E. Pitts, Megan J. Dyer
Reports
Introduction: Scrubber wastes obtained in an affort to limit air pollution generated by coal-fired pwoer plants may contribute to another possible sources of pollution. To date, scrubber wastse have been in a liquid phase which causes disposal problems partially due to the liquid characteristics. The use of solid scrubber wastes and the land deposition of such wastes is proposed. The feasibility of solid scrubber wastes disposal in landfills is under question. The primary area of concern is the effect that water percolation through such wastes would have on groundwater quality parameters. Contamination could result either as precipitation travels downward through …
Evaluation Of Particular Mulches For Fostering Plant Growth And Inhibiting Erosion (Phase 2), C. Earl Israelsen, Eugene K. Israelsen, William N. Mcneill
Evaluation Of Particular Mulches For Fostering Plant Growth And Inhibiting Erosion (Phase 2), C. Earl Israelsen, Eugene K. Israelsen, William N. Mcneill
Reports
Introduction: Increasing public awareness of the desireability of protecting the environment from soil erosion caused by wnid and water has centered attention on large construction projects such as highways and housing subdivisions, as well as on individual building sites and parking lots. If unattended, sediment produced from these areas pollutes surface water, restricts drainage, fills reservoirs, damages adjacent land, and upsets the natural ecology of lakes and streams. The search continues for products and practices that will prevent or lessen the amount of sediment leaving construction sites. Products currently in use include chamical as well as organic materials, and they …
Economic Impacts Of Irrigation Technologies In The Sevier River Basin, Theodore R. Frickel, Rangesan Narayanan
Economic Impacts Of Irrigation Technologies In The Sevier River Basin, Theodore R. Frickel, Rangesan Narayanan
Reports
The economic well-being of the semiarid intermountain area requires efficent use of available water supplies. Agriculture, the major water-consuming industry, depends on irrigation water. The adoption of sprinkler systems that increase on-farm irrigation "efficiencies" and the area which can be irrigated from upstream diversions may interfere with the "tenure" of downstream water rights. These downstream effects need to be evaluated before allowing farmers to use the water "saved" to irrigate additional acreages or crops to obtain greater profits. The problem in letting farms expand their irrigated acreage is that the individual farmer increases his profits through increased consumptive use. The …
A Survey And Evaluation Of Shallow Groundwater Contamination Hazards In The State Of Utah, Edward P. Fisk, Calvin G. Clyde
A Survey And Evaluation Of Shallow Groundwater Contamination Hazards In The State Of Utah, Edward P. Fisk, Calvin G. Clyde
Reports
A survey was made to appraise current man-made contamination of shallow groundwater in Utah. Very little has been published on the subject, and most of the information was obtained by personal observation and through interviews of individuals concerned with water quality protection in Utah. After presenting the relevant physiographic, geologic, and hydrologic characteristics of the various regions of Utah and discussing how these relate to groundwater contamination in general, representative groundwater quality hazards in 32 sites or regions in Utah are presented. A very wide range of hazards to groundwater quality was found to exist. These cases cover the range …
The Potential For Groundwater Contamination Along Basin Margins In The Arid West: Alluvial Fans And Lake Features, Calvin G. Clyde, Robert Q. Oaks, Peter T. Kolesar, Edward P. Fisk
The Potential For Groundwater Contamination Along Basin Margins In The Arid West: Alluvial Fans And Lake Features, Calvin G. Clyde, Robert Q. Oaks, Peter T. Kolesar, Edward P. Fisk
Reports
Many towns of the arid west were built upon alluvial fans and upon sites underlain by Pleistocene lake deposits. The objective of this study was to assess the potential impact of these activities of man upon groundwater quality within these geological features. Emphasis was placed on shallow groundwater quality after it was determined that deep groundwater is rarely contaminated at such sites. A reconnaissance of Utah and Nevada was made and four sites underlain by alluvial fans (Willard, Manti, Elsinore, and Spring City) and four sites underlain by lake shore deposits (Hyde Park, Fielding, Providence and Richmond) were selected in …
Fielding Ditch Pipeline Computer Simulation Study, Calvin G. Clyde, J. Paul Tullis, Roland W. Jeppson
Fielding Ditch Pipeline Computer Simulation Study, Calvin G. Clyde, J. Paul Tullis, Roland W. Jeppson
Reports
The Fielding Ditch Company Pipeline is almost 3 miles long and supplies irrigation water under low pressure to adjacent fields through 33 turnouts along its length. The 24-inch non-reinforced concrete pipeline began to experience repeated structural failures soon after it was placed in operation. This study was done for the Soil Conservation Service by the Utah Water Research Laboratory to gather field data on the pipeline operating characteristics, to analyze the hydraulic transients in the pipeline with the help of a computer simulation model, and to suggest modification to protect the pipeline from future failures caused by transient pressures. Following …