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Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

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2023

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Articles 1 - 30 of 31

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Electrochemical Degradation Of Methylene Blue With Seawater And Pb/Pbo2 Electrodes From Battery Waste, Gunawan Gunawan, N. B. Adiwibawa Prasetya, Didik Setiyo Widodo, Roni Adi Wijaya Nov 2023

Electrochemical Degradation Of Methylene Blue With Seawater And Pb/Pbo2 Electrodes From Battery Waste, Gunawan Gunawan, N. B. Adiwibawa Prasetya, Didik Setiyo Widodo, Roni Adi Wijaya

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Electrochemical degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye with seawater electrolyte using lead and lead oxide (Pb/PbO2) electrodes from waste batteries has been successfully conducted. Characterization of battery waste, the effectiveness of dye degradation, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) concentration, dissolved oxygen (DO) level, reaction mechanism, the effect of time variation (15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes), and voltage variation (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 volts) were observed. Characterization showed results by the characteristics of Pb and PbO2 confirmed by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) result-ing in 2θ peaks of Pb at 31.36, 36.38, 52.26, 62.36, 65.38º and 2θ (β-PbO2) at 25.4, 32.0, …

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Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles-Based Sensing For Monitoring Water Pollution: An Updated Review, Muhamad Allan Serunting, Muhammad Ali Zulfikar, Henry Setiyanto, Dian Ayu Setyorini, Vienna Saraswaty Nov 2023

Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles-Based Sensing For Monitoring Water Pollution: An Updated Review, Muhamad Allan Serunting, Muhammad Ali Zulfikar, Henry Setiyanto, Dian Ayu Setyorini, Vienna Saraswaty

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Water is a basic human need and has been heavily contaminated. Therefore, it becomes a concern to remove the pollutant and monitor its quality. The removal methods include precipitation, filtration, adsorption, and photodegradation. Meanwhile, the monitoring can be done by measuring and analyzing the contaminant using spectrophotometry and chromatography. Nevertheless, those methods usually need a complicated preparation, and are expensive. Thus, a simple method is necessary to overcome these drawbacks by developing a sensor. In recent years, the sensor performance has been enhanced by using nanomaterials, such as silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). AgNPs can be synthesized using plant extracts through a …

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Synthesis And Characterization Of Zirconium Oxide Nanoparticles Using Z. Officinale And S. Aromaticum Plant Extracts For Antibacterial Application, M. J. Tuama, M. F. A. Alias Nov 2023

Synthesis And Characterization Of Zirconium Oxide Nanoparticles Using Z. Officinale And S. Aromaticum Plant Extracts For Antibacterial Application, M. J. Tuama, M. F. A. Alias

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Abstract The dramatic rise in bacterial infections and increased resistance to conventional antibiotics has led to the exploration of biologically derived nanomaterials to counteract bacterial activity. Nanotechnology, which deals with materials at the atomic or molecular level, is a promising way to achieve this goal. Zirconium oxide nanoparticles (ZrO2NPs) have shown strong antibacterial effects due to the increased surface-to-volume ratio at the nanoscale. This study focused on the production of ZrO2NPs in an environmentally friendly manner, which included extracts from Zingiber officinale (ginger), where G-ZrO2NPs were produced, and Syzygium aromaticum (clove), which produced S-ZrO2NPs. Various techniques were used, such as …

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Modification Of Chitosan Using Glycidyl Methacrylate-Grafted Cellulose (Gmagcell/ Chi) For Methylene Blue Adsorption, Haya Fathana, Rahmi Rahmi, Muhammad Adlim, Surya Lubis Oct 2023

Modification Of Chitosan Using Glycidyl Methacrylate-Grafted Cellulose (Gmagcell/ Chi) For Methylene Blue Adsorption, Haya Fathana, Rahmi Rahmi, Muhammad Adlim, Surya Lubis

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

In this study, a glycidyl methacrylate-grafted cellulose/chitosan (GMA-g-Cell/Chi) film was successfully prepared and characterized. GMA-g-Cell was obtained from the grafting process of cellulose derived from sugarcane bagasse using glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). The cellulose grafting process was obtained using 20% GMA for 4 hours at 60oC. The percentage of grafting (PG) and grafting efficiency (GE) values for these parameters were 516 and 60.28%, respectively. Chitosan was modified with GMA-g-Cell and has higher adsorption capacity and tensile strength than chitosan. The adsorption kinetics tend to follow the pseudo-first-order adsorption kinetics model, with Qe and k1 being 7 mg/g and 0.067 g/mg. minute. …

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Fortifying Iot Against Crimpling Cyber-Attacks: A Systematic Review, Usman Tariq, Irfan Ahmed, Muhammad Attique Khan, Ali Kashif Bashir Oct 2023

Fortifying Iot Against Crimpling Cyber-Attacks: A Systematic Review, Usman Tariq, Irfan Ahmed, Muhammad Attique Khan, Ali Kashif Bashir

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

The rapid growth and increasing demand for Internet of Things (IoT) devices in our everyday lives create exciting opportunities for human involvement, data integration, and seamless automation. This fully interconnected ecosystem considerably impacts crucial aspects of our lives, such as transportation, healthcare, energy management, and urban infrastructure. However, alongside the immense benefits, the widespread adoption of IoT also brings a complex web of security threats that can influence society, policy, and infrastructure conditions. IoT devices are particularly vulnerable to security violations, and industrial routines face potentially damaging vulnerabilities. To ensure a trustworthy and robust security framework, it is crucial to …

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Smart Service Function Chain System For Dynamic Traffic Steering Using Reinforcement Learning (Chrl), Ahmed Nadhum, Ahmed Al-Saadi Oct 2023

Smart Service Function Chain System For Dynamic Traffic Steering Using Reinforcement Learning (Chrl), Ahmed Nadhum, Ahmed Al-Saadi

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

The rapid development of the Internet and network services coupled with the growth of communication infrastructure necessitates the employment of intelligent systems. The complexity of the network is heightened by these systems, as they offer diverse services contingent on traffic type, user needs, and security considerations. In this context, a service function chain offers a toolkit to facilitate the management of intricate network systems. However, various traffic types require dynamic adaptation in the sets of function chains. The problem of optimizing the order of service functions in the chain must be solved using the proposed approach, along with balancing the …

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New Quantum Genetic Algorithm Based On Constrained Quantum Optimization, Mohammed R. Almasaoodi, Abdulbasit M. A. Sabaawi, Sara El Gaily, Sándor Imre Oct 2023

New Quantum Genetic Algorithm Based On Constrained Quantum Optimization, Mohammed R. Almasaoodi, Abdulbasit M. A. Sabaawi, Sara El Gaily, Sándor Imre

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

In the past decades, many quantum algorithms have been developed. The main obstacle that prevents the widespread implementation of these algorithms is the small size of the available quantum computer in terms of qubits. Blind Quantum Computation (BQC) holds the promise of handling this issue by delegating computation to quantum remote devices. Here, we introduce a novel Constrained Quantum Genetic Algorithm (CQGA) that selects the optimum extreme (minimum or maximum) value of a constrained goal function (or a vast unsorted database) with very low computational complexity. Since the convergence speed to the optimal solution for the Constrained Classical Genetic Algorithm …

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Recent Advances In Crispr/Cas9-Assisted Gene Therapy, Apeksha Srivastava, Shikha Chauhan, Vishal Ahuja Oct 2023

Recent Advances In Crispr/Cas9-Assisted Gene Therapy, Apeksha Srivastava, Shikha Chauhan, Vishal Ahuja

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

CRISPR/Cas9 (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) is an exponentially growing tool with wide-spread applications in therapeutics like gene modifications that focus on altering the hereditary material to repair or eliminate any defective gene-causing diseases like cancer, AIDS (Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), etc. It also includes the identification of the target sequence with the help of sgRNA followed by the substitution of a malfunction-ing gene with a normal version. It offers high efficiency, specificity, and post-gene-editing efficacy, but have also some off-target impressions, and immunogenic effects. The contribution of CRISPR/Cas9 has already been proved primarily in in-vitro studies using animal germ …

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Optical, Structural, And Electrochemical Properties Of P3ht:Y6 Photoactive Layer For Organic Photovoltaics, Hassan Tarikhum B., Furqan Almyahi, Basil Ali Oct 2023

Optical, Structural, And Electrochemical Properties Of P3ht:Y6 Photoactive Layer For Organic Photovoltaics, Hassan Tarikhum B., Furqan Almyahi, Basil Ali

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Recently, organic photovoltaics (OPV) have emerged as a promising technology for environmentally friendly energy production. Achieving high performance in OPV requires the discovery of novel compounds. This article aims to study the optical, structural, electrochemical, and electrical properties of a P3HT:Y6 blend. The UV-visible spectra of the blend provided insight into how composition affects the optoelectronic properties of OPV devices. The optimised P3HT:Y6 ratio (0.6:1) resulted in the largest redshift and the highest absorption intensity. Raman and X-ray diffraction tests showed low aggregation and low crystallinity of the polymer P3HT as Y6 content increased. In the OPV devices, the best …

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Estimation Of Water Quality Of Dikhu River Of Nagaland Through A Combination Of Water Quality Index And Principal Component Analysis Techniques., Lanuyanger Longchar, Wati Temjen, Khikeya Semy, Wati Lemla Oct 2023

Estimation Of Water Quality Of Dikhu River Of Nagaland Through A Combination Of Water Quality Index And Principal Component Analysis Techniques., Lanuyanger Longchar, Wati Temjen, Khikeya Semy, Wati Lemla

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Monitoring the physico-chemical attributes of water is essential for determining water quality. The present study explores the effect of various anthropogenic factors on the quality of Dikhu River, Nagaland. Water samples from three sampling stations were compared against three standards: Indian Council of Medical Research, Bureau of Indian Standards, and World Health Organization. Although all parameters were within the permissible limits, the Water Quality Index categorized all sites during the rainy season as "poor quality", highlighting anthropogenic impacts. A principal component analysis created a Minimum Data Set (MDS) explaining 100%, 93.27%, and 96.26% of the total variance for the three …

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Cybervandalism Detection In Wikipedia Using Light Architecture Of 1d-Cnn, Azha Talal Mohammed Ali, Huda Hallawi, Noor D. Al-Shakarchy Oct 2023

Cybervandalism Detection In Wikipedia Using Light Architecture Of 1d-Cnn, Azha Talal Mohammed Ali, Huda Hallawi, Noor D. Al-Shakarchy

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

The rapid expansion of human-software-agent interaction has come with new issues. Accordingly, different engage-ments are necessary to adapt to changing human needs in dynamic socio-technical systems. Generally, cybervandalism is the act of leaving any negative impact on any piece of writing in an attempt to modify it. In Wikipedia, vandalism is any attempt to modify an article in a way that negatively affects the article's quality. Recently, several automatic detec-tion techniques and related features have been developed to address this issue. This work introduces a deep learning model with a new and light architecture to detect vandalism in Wikipedia articles. …

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Dyadosphere Space-Time Of A Charged Black Hole In The Rainbow Gravity And Energy Distribution, Oktay Aydogdu, Mustafa Salti Oct 2023

Dyadosphere Space-Time Of A Charged Black Hole In The Rainbow Gravity And Energy Distribution, Oktay Aydogdu, Mustafa Salti

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

One is prompted to examine an energy-dependent space-time with significant distortion of standard general relativity through a breach of the Lorentz invariance in high-energy quantum gravity. The present study explores how the energy of a test particle influences the energy density of a charged black hole in the framework of rainbow gravity. In this context, the focus is on investigating the dyadosphere of the black hole, where the space-time fabric is influenced by the energy of the test particle. We also employ graphical analysis to visually illustrate the variations in the black hole’s energy density defined within the framework of …

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Gaxin2-Xo3 Surface Pyramids Interaction With Formaldehyde: Thermodynamic And Sensing Analysis, Mudar Ahmed Abdulsattar Oct 2023

Gaxin2-Xo3 Surface Pyramids Interaction With Formaldehyde: Thermodynamic And Sensing Analysis, Mudar Ahmed Abdulsattar

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

GaxIn2-xO3 surface pyramids' electronic structures are investigated using density functional theory, including dispersion corrections. Application of GaxIn2-xO3 surface pyramids as a gas sensor for formaldehyde is also performed and compared with experimental findings. These findings show that the energy gap of these pyramids follows closely with the bulk values. The energy gap increases between the two limits, In2O3 and Ga2O3. Applying GaxIn2-xO3 surface pyramids as a gas sensor uses transition state theory formalism. Thermodynamic quantities such as activation Gibbs energy, enthalpy, and entropy are needed for temperature-dependent calculations. A comparison of sensor response which is proportional to reaction rate as …

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Eggshell-Alginate Composites (Eacs) As Eco-Friendly Adsorbents For Rhodamine B Uptake From Aqueous Solutions, Rusnadi Rusnadi, Mar’Atus Sholihah, Nurrahmi Handayani, Muhammad Ali Zulfikar Sep 2023

Eggshell-Alginate Composites (Eacs) As Eco-Friendly Adsorbents For Rhodamine B Uptake From Aqueous Solutions, Rusnadi Rusnadi, Mar’Atus Sholihah, Nurrahmi Handayani, Muhammad Ali Zulfikar

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

The contamination of wastewater by Rhodamine B (RhB) poses a significant environmental concern due to its negative impacts on aesthetics, ecosystems, and human well-being. This study successfully synthesized eco-friendly egg-shell-alginate composites (EACs) as adsorbents by combining alginate solution, eggshell powder, and a 2% CaCl2 solu-tion. Characterization techniques including FTIR, SEM, TGA, and SAA were employed to analyze the EACs. FTIR analysis revealed characteristic absorption peaks corresponding to -OH groups, C=O groups, C-O groups, and the pres-ence of CO32-. The structural analysis confirmed the physical mixture of functional groups from eggshells and alginate, resulting in a homogeneous EACs mixture. TGA analysis …

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Synthesizing Of Alginate Coated-Silver Nanoparticles Core-Shell For Detecting Of S-Naproxen Enantiomer In Pharmaceutical Formulation, Abdolrasol Barazandeh, Ghasem Najafpour-Darz, Afshar Alihossein, Sohrab Kazemi Sep 2023

Synthesizing Of Alginate Coated-Silver Nanoparticles Core-Shell For Detecting Of S-Naproxen Enantiomer In Pharmaceutical Formulation, Abdolrasol Barazandeh, Ghasem Najafpour-Darz, Afshar Alihossein, Sohrab Kazemi

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Core-shell nanoparticles were used in a unique direct UV-Vis spectrophotometric technique to detect the S-naproxen enantiomer. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) covered with sodium alginate (Alg) shell, a naturally occurring biopolymer, made the core of the nanostructure. To name a few, TEM, FESEM, UV-Visible, DLS, ZP, AFM, XRD, EDX and FT-IR are among the analytical methods used to analyze the creation of the core-shell structure. Based on obtained results, spherical Ag@ Alg NPs with an average size of 27.4 nm (DTEM), hydrolytic size of 46 nm (DDLS) and surface charge of -60.9 mV were successfully synthesized. The effect of various reaction …

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Multiple Structural And Functional Annotations Based In-Silico Characterization Of Q9brx8 Protein, Eiman Zahid, Muhammad Farhan Sarwar Sep 2023

Multiple Structural And Functional Annotations Based In-Silico Characterization Of Q9brx8 Protein, Eiman Zahid, Muhammad Farhan Sarwar

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Numerous proteins found in humans are poorly understood because there is a dearth of experimental evidence. Hypothetical proteins (HPs) or uncharacterized proteins are the terms used to describe these proteins. In this work, one of these proteins, Q9BRX8, is investigated using in-silico or bioinformatics tools to reveal its significant properties. In this regard, NCBI for the sequence retrieval, ProtParam tool for analysis of physiochemical properties, SOPMA for secondary structure prediction, SWISS-Model for homology modelling, STRING for protein-protein interaction and HDOCK for protein-protein docking analysis among other tools, were incorporated. The physiochemical characteristics indicated that Q9BRX8, which has an instability score …

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In Vitro Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, And Photoprotective Activities Of Aqueous Extract Of The Endemic Plant Hammada Scoparia L. From Algeria, Benine Chaima, Djahra Ali Boutlelis, Laiche Ammar Touhami, Tlili Hajer, Tliba Ali, Ben Arfa Abdelkarim, Najjaa Hanen Sep 2023

In Vitro Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, And Photoprotective Activities Of Aqueous Extract Of The Endemic Plant Hammada Scoparia L. From Algeria, Benine Chaima, Djahra Ali Boutlelis, Laiche Ammar Touhami, Tlili Hajer, Tliba Ali, Ben Arfa Abdelkarim, Najjaa Hanen

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

This study aimed to analyze the chemical profile and evaluate the biological activities of the aqueous extract of H. Scoparia, an endemic plant found in Southeastern Algeria. The aqueous extract was subjected to phytochemical screening, RP-HPLC, and FT-IR analysis. The anti-inflammatory activity was examined using the protein denaturation method, and the photoprotective activity was evaluated using UV-Visible spectrophotometry. The antioxidant activity was assessed using ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays. The study found the presence of various secondary metabolites such as polyphenols, tannins, and saponins. This study suggests that H. Scoparia extract has the potential as a natural source of bio-actives …

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Online Data Transmission Reduction Scheme For Energy Conservation In Wireless Video Sensor Networks, Iman Kadhum Abbood, Ali Kadhum Idrees Aug 2023

Online Data Transmission Reduction Scheme For Energy Conservation In Wireless Video Sensor Networks, Iman Kadhum Abbood, Ali Kadhum Idrees

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Wireless Video Sensor Networks (WVSNs) are networks of low-cost, low-power camera sensor nodes. These nodes communicate locally and process information to meet an application's goal. WVSNs are extensively used in diverse monitoring applications, such as security, military, industrial, medical, and environmental monitoring. However, the transmission of large amounts of data collected by video sensor nodes in WVSNs poses challenges in terms of energy consumption, bandwidth usage, and network congestion. Reducing energy for processing and transmitting data in WVSNs is difficult due to the huge amount of sensed data in real-time. To address this issue, this paper proposes an Online Data …

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Biogenesis Synthesis Of Zno Nps: Its Adsorption And Photocatalytic Activity For Removal Of Acid Black 210 Dye, Zahraa A. Najm, Mohammed A. Atiya, Ahmed K. Hassan Aug 2023

Biogenesis Synthesis Of Zno Nps: Its Adsorption And Photocatalytic Activity For Removal Of Acid Black 210 Dye, Zahraa A. Najm, Mohammed A. Atiya, Ahmed K. Hassan

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

This study investigated the treatment of textile wastewater contaminated with Acid Black 210 dye (AB210) using zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) through adsorption and photocatalytic techniques. ZnO NPs were synthesized using a green synthesis process involving eucalyptus leaves as reducing and capping agents. The synthesized ZnO NPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, SEM, EDAX, XRD, BET, Zeta potential, and FTIR techniques. The BET analysis revealed a specific surface area and total pore volume of 26.318 m2/g. SEM images confirmed the crystalline and spherical nature of the particles, with a particle size of 73.4 nm. A photoreactor was designed …

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Ultrasound Assisted Comparative Study Of Fucolam And So-Dium Alginate And Impact On Their Physiochemical Proper-Ties Using Box-Behnken Design, Uday Bagale, Ammar Kadi, Artem Malinin, Varisha Anjum, Irina Potoroko Aug 2023

Ultrasound Assisted Comparative Study Of Fucolam And So-Dium Alginate And Impact On Their Physiochemical Proper-Ties Using Box-Behnken Design, Uday Bagale, Ammar Kadi, Artem Malinin, Varisha Anjum, Irina Potoroko

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

The article discusses about the possibility of comparing the impact of ultrasonic treatment on fucolam and sodium algi-nate. The purpose was to study the effect of micronization on the sulfated heteropolysaccharide fucolam, analyzing its dispersed state and accessibility by reducing its molecular weight and increasing antioxidant activity. The optimization of the micronization process was carried out using the Box-Behnken Design (BBD) method, with a sonication time ranging from 15 to 45 min, power ranging from 50 to 100 W/cm2, and temperature between 30 °C and 40 °C. The fixed lower fucolam concentration was 0.1%. The results illustrated that sonochemical treatment …

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Deep Learning-Based Cad System For Predicting The Covid-19 X-Ray Images, Aqeel R. Talib, Hana’ M. Ali Aug 2023

Deep Learning-Based Cad System For Predicting The Covid-19 X-Ray Images, Aqeel R. Talib, Hana’ M. Ali

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

According to World Health Organization data, Coronavirus (COVID-19) has infected about 660, 378, 145 patients around the world. It is nonetheless difficult for physicians to detect COVID-19 infections out of CT or X-ray radiographs. Thus, several computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems based on deep learning and radiographs were developed to detect COVID-19 infections. However, the majority of approaches considered small datasets, which is ineligible to provide diverse COVID-19 radiographs. This work utilizes a massive number of X-ray radiographs, and compared standard CNN, DenseNet-121, and GoogLeNet for isolating COVID-19 infections out from normal and other pneumonia radiographs. The dataset in this work …

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Representing Quantum Spins In Different Coordinate Systems For Modelling Rigid Body Orientation, Nadjet Zioui, Aicha Mahmoudi, Mohamed Tadjine Aug 2023

Representing Quantum Spins In Different Coordinate Systems For Modelling Rigid Body Orientation, Nadjet Zioui, Aicha Mahmoudi, Mohamed Tadjine

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Various methods for representing the spatial orientation and rotation of objects are presented and compared with the quantum bit state representation. By contrasting spherical, Euler angle, quaternion, and quantum spin coordinate systems, this work highlights important concepts regarding the rotation axis of the X gate. Several ambiguities and incomplete definitions associated with the qubit state representation are discussed, such as the spin around the qubit itself and the explanation of the considered rotation angles and signs. A mathematical analysis of the physical meaning of each eigenstate is provided along with a new comprehensive and meaningful YPR-based 3D representation of a …

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Quercetin As An Anticancer Candidate For Glioblastoma Multiforme By Targeting Akt1, Mmp9, Abcb1, And Vegfa: An In Silico Study, Muhammad Hermawan Widyananda, Setyaki Kevin Pratama, Arif Nur Muhammad Ansori, Yulanda Antonius, Viol Dhea Kharisma, Ahmad Affan Ali Murtadlo, Vikash Jakhmola, Maksim Rebezov, Mars Khayrullin, Marina Derkho, Emdad Ullah, Raden Joko Kuncoroningrat Susilo, Suhailah Hayaza, Alexander Patera Nugraha, Annise Proboningrat, Amaq Fadholly, Mada Triandala Sibero, Rahadian Zainul Aug 2023

Quercetin As An Anticancer Candidate For Glioblastoma Multiforme By Targeting Akt1, Mmp9, Abcb1, And Vegfa: An In Silico Study, Muhammad Hermawan Widyananda, Setyaki Kevin Pratama, Arif Nur Muhammad Ansori, Yulanda Antonius, Viol Dhea Kharisma, Ahmad Affan Ali Murtadlo, Vikash Jakhmola, Maksim Rebezov, Mars Khayrullin, Marina Derkho, Emdad Ullah, Raden Joko Kuncoroningrat Susilo, Suhailah Hayaza, Alexander Patera Nugraha, Annise Proboningrat, Amaq Fadholly, Mada Triandala Sibero, Rahadian Zainul

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Quercetin, a natural compound present in various fruits and vegetables, shows promise as a potential inhibitor for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) development. This study aims to examine the anti-GBM potential of Quercetin. The protein target of Quercetin is identified and analyzed using databases such as NCBI, SEA, CTD, and STRING. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) and functional annotation are carried out based on the obtained target proteins. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations are employed using AutoDock Vina and WebGro tools to analyze the interaction between Quercetin and its target proteins. The prediction of protein targets reveals that Quercetin directly targets four proteins associated …

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Improving The Burt’S Sensitivity Using Noise Calibration Unit Via Crab Nebula Observations, Uday E. Jallod, Lana T. Ali, Hareth S. Mahdi, Kamal M. Abood Aug 2023

Improving The Burt’S Sensitivity Using Noise Calibration Unit Via Crab Nebula Observations, Uday E. Jallod, Lana T. Ali, Hareth S. Mahdi, Kamal M. Abood

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Radio observations from astronomical sources like supernovae became one the most important sources of information about the physical properties of those objects. However, such radio observations are affected by various types of noise such as those from sky, background, receiver, and the system itself. Therefore, it is essential to eliminate or reduce these undesired noise from the signals in order to ensure accurate measurements and analysis of radio observations. One of the most commonly used methods for reducing the noise is to use a noise calibrator. In this study, the 3-m Baghdad University Radio Telescope (BURT) has been used to …

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Watermark Hiding In Hdr Image Based On Visual Saliency And Tucker Decomposition, Roa'a M. Al-Airaji, Ibtisam A. Aljazaery, Haider Th. Salim Alrikabi Jul 2023

Watermark Hiding In Hdr Image Based On Visual Saliency And Tucker Decomposition, Roa'a M. Al-Airaji, Ibtisam A. Aljazaery, Haider Th. Salim Alrikabi

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Recently, great attention has been paid to high dynamic range (HDR) images because of their richly detailed and high dynamic range of intensity. The need for pre-processing of the HDR image format with tone mapping (TM) operators makes it unique; the TM operators are provided on display with a low dynamic range (LDR). On the other hand, TM can be regarded as an inevitable attack when protecting HDR image ownership is considered. An adaptive approach for concealing watermarks based on visual saliency and Tucker decomposition has been presented in this article. In the first step, three feature maps were produced …

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N–((2–Acetylphenyl)Carbamothioyl)Benzamide: Synthesis, Crystal Structure Analysis, And Theoretical Studies, Akin Oztaslar, Hakan Arslan Jun 2023

N–((2–Acetylphenyl)Carbamothioyl)Benzamide: Synthesis, Crystal Structure Analysis, And Theoretical Studies, Akin Oztaslar, Hakan Arslan

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

N–((2–Acetylphenyl)carbamothioyl)benzamide has been synthesized and characterized. The molecular conformation of the investigated compound is stabilized by C16–H16B⋅⋅⋅O2i (i: 1+x, y, z) intermolecular and C14–H14⋅⋅⋅S1, N2–H2⋅⋅⋅O2, and N2–H2⋅⋅⋅O1 intramolecular H–bonds. All DFT calculations have been implemented at the B3LYP level with the 6–311G(d,p) basis set. The optimized molecular structure parameters have been compared with the experimental one in the solid phase. The energy gap, global chemical reactivity descriptor parameters, MEP, Fukui functions, DoS, NLO, and NBO analysis were also computed and investigated. The intermolecular interactions and their energies are evaluated using Hirshfeld surface and energy framework analyses. To determine …

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Eutectic Formation And Cutaneous Wound Healing By Binary Allantoin- Octadecenedioic Acid System, Syed Waqar Hussain Shah, Farah Ali, Iram Bibi, Kashif Ali, Neelam Pervaiz, Mariyum Yousaf Jun 2023

Eutectic Formation And Cutaneous Wound Healing By Binary Allantoin- Octadecenedioic Acid System, Syed Waqar Hussain Shah, Farah Ali, Iram Bibi, Kashif Ali, Neelam Pervaiz, Mariyum Yousaf

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Eutectic formation in allantoin-octadecenedioic acid system (AOM) has been studied. The binary phase diagram revealed the existence of eutectic at Xallantoin = 0.7. Dioic acid caused disruption of network in allantoin and induced defects, ultimately causing the reduction in crystallinity as shown by XRD and SEM analysis. The thermal stability in TGA graphs of allantoin was negligibly altered after mixture formation. Classical hydrogen bonding and alkyl interactions were predicted using software Avogadro and BIOVIA Discovery Studio. The functionalities involved in interactions taking place in the system were studied through in-depth FT-IR spectroscopy. The eutectic showed efficacy for cutaneous wound …

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Biosynthesis Of Copper Nanoparticles Using Hylocereus Costaricensis Peel Extract And Their Photocatalytic Properties, Suriati Eka Putri, Netti Herawati, Ahmad Fudhail, Diana Eka Pratiwi, Sumiati Side, Abd Rahman, Susilo Sudarman Desa, Nur Ahmad, Subaer Junaedi, A. Surleva May 2023

Biosynthesis Of Copper Nanoparticles Using Hylocereus Costaricensis Peel Extract And Their Photocatalytic Properties, Suriati Eka Putri, Netti Herawati, Ahmad Fudhail, Diana Eka Pratiwi, Sumiati Side, Abd Rahman, Susilo Sudarman Desa, Nur Ahmad, Subaer Junaedi, A. Surleva

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

A green chemistry method was used for the first time to synthesize copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) using CuSO4 as a precursor and red dragon fruit (Hylocereus costaricensis) peel wasted extract as a bio-reductor. Cu-NPs produced were then used as a photocatalysts for acid orange 7 (AO7) dyes degradation. The results showed that the smallest average crystallite size of the products ranged from 8.84 - 8.86 nm, and the FCC crystal structure had a surface area of 244.38-278.85 m2g-1. Furthermore, the optimum degradation of AO7 dye occurred at a ratio of 1:3 with a percentage of 81.07% for four cycles. These findings …

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New Alkyd Resins From Underutilized Indigenous Seed Oils: Synthesis And Characterization, Aliru O. Mustapha, Hakeem B. Ayoku, Halimah A. Amao Apr 2023

New Alkyd Resins From Underutilized Indigenous Seed Oils: Synthesis And Characterization, Aliru O. Mustapha, Hakeem B. Ayoku, Halimah A. Amao

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

The underutilization of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), sweet almond (Prunus amygdalus), and jatropha (Jatropha curcas) seeds indicates a significant resource waste. Nine different varieties of 25% (short), 40% (medium), and 60% (long) alkyd resins were produced from the cross-section of drying, semi-drying, and non-drying oils. A large amount of conversion occurred, with the extent of the reaction (Pav) decreasing as time progressed and the corresponding increase in alkyds' average degree of polymerization (Dp) showing synthesized alkyds. Surface drying from the set-to-dry and dry-through periods climaxed at 2 hours for all the alkyds. Except for alkali, synthesized alkyd resins demonstrated outstanding …

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Fano-Type Resonance Structures Based On Combination Of Fiber Bragg Grating With Fabry-Perot Interferometer, A.Zh. Sakhabutdinov, T.A. Agliullin, S.M.R.H. Hussein, A.A. Kuznetsov, V.I. Anfinogentov, B.I. Valeev Jan 2023

Fano-Type Resonance Structures Based On Combination Of Fiber Bragg Grating With Fabry-Perot Interferometer, A.Zh. Sakhabutdinov, T.A. Agliullin, S.M.R.H. Hussein, A.A. Kuznetsov, V.I. Anfinogentov, B.I. Valeev

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

The work is dedicated to the mathematical modeling of the combined fiber-optic structure, which consists of a Fabry-Perot interferometer in the form of a thin polymer film at the end of an optical fiber and a fiber Bragg grating formed near it. The simulation results obtained using the proposed rigorous mathematical model are in good agreement with the reflectance spectrum of the experimental fiber-optic structure. It is shown that the combination of two resonant wave processes in the optical fiber leads to the asymmetric Fano-type resonance. The spectral shape of the resonance depends on the parameters of the structure, in …

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