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Articles 1 - 30 of 59
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Vortices In Bose-Einstein Condensates: Some Recent Developments, Panos Kevrekidis, R. Carretero-Gonzalez, D. J. Frantzeskakis, I. G. Kevrekidis
Vortices In Bose-Einstein Condensates: Some Recent Developments, Panos Kevrekidis, R. Carretero-Gonzalez, D. J. Frantzeskakis, I. G. Kevrekidis
Panos Kevrekidis
In this brief review we summarize a number of recent developments in the study of vortices in Bose-Einstein condensates, a topic of considerable theoretical and experimental interest in the past few years. We examine the generation of vortices by means of phase imprinting, as well as via dynamical instabilities. Their stability is subsequently examined in the presence of purely magnetic trapping, and in the combined presence of magnetic and optical trapping. We then study pairs of vortices and their interactions, illustrating a reduced description in terms of ordinary differential equations for the vortex centers. In the realm of two vortices …
Evidence For Correlated Titanium And Deuterium Depletion In The Galactic Ism, Jason X. Prochaska, Todd M. Tripp, Christopher Howk
Evidence For Correlated Titanium And Deuterium Depletion In The Galactic Ism, Jason X. Prochaska, Todd M. Tripp, Christopher Howk
Todd M. Tripp
Current measurements indicate that the deuterium abundance in diffuse interstellar gas varies spatially by a factor of ~4 among sightlines extending beyond the Local Bubble. One plausible explanation for the scatter is the variable depletion of D onto dust grains. To test this scenario, we have obtained high signal-to-noise, high resolution profiles of the refractory ion Ti II along seven Galactic sightlines with D/H ranging from 0.65 to 2.1 × 10−5. These measurements, acquired with the recently upgraded Keck/HIRES spectrometer, indicate a correlation between Ti/H and D/H at the > 95% c.l. Therefore, our observations support the interpretation that D/H scatter …
The Topology, Geometry And Conformal Structure Of Properly Embedded Minimal Surfaces, Pascal Collin, Robert Kusner, William H. Meeks, Harold Rosenberg
The Topology, Geometry And Conformal Structure Of Properly Embedded Minimal Surfaces, Pascal Collin, Robert Kusner, William H. Meeks, Harold Rosenberg
Robert Kusner
This paper develops new tools for understanding surfaces with more than one end and infinite topology which are properly minimally embedded in Euclidean three-space. On such a surface, the set of ends forms a totally disconnected compact Hausdorff space, naturally ordered by the relative heights of the ends in space. One of our main results is that the middle ends of the surface have quadratic area growth, and are thus not limit ends. This implies that the surface can have at most two limit ends, which occur at the top and bottom of the ordering, and thus only a countable …
On A Theorem Of Peters On Automorphisms Of Kahler Surfaces, Weimin Chen Chen
On A Theorem Of Peters On Automorphisms Of Kahler Surfaces, Weimin Chen Chen
Weimin Chen
For any K¨ahler surface which admits no nonzero holomorphic vectorfields, we consider the group of holomorphic automorphisms which induce identity on the second rational cohomology. Assuming the canonical linear system is without base points and fixed components, C.A.M. Peters [12] showed that this group is trivial except when the K¨ahler surface is of general type and either c21 = 2c2 or c21 = 3c2 holds. Moreover, this group is a 2-group in the former case, and is a 3-group in the latter. The purpose of this note is to give further information about this group. In particular, we show that …
My Life With Polymer Science: Scientific And Personal Memoirs, Otto Vogl
My Life With Polymer Science: Scientific And Personal Memoirs, Otto Vogl
Otto Vogl
My "life story" will begin with my formative years, my childhood and student days at the University of Vienna, including my dissertation. It will be followed by my teaching appointment as an Instructor at the II. Chemical Institute of the University of Vienna. The urge to see other lands, learn other languages and scientific methods led to the Wandering Years that brought me to the United States. After three years spent as a Research Associate at the University of Michigan and at Princeton University I spent more than 13 years in an industrial career at the Du Pont Company in …
Low Background Techniques For The Borexino Nylon Vessels, Andrea Pocar
Low Background Techniques For The Borexino Nylon Vessels, Andrea Pocar
Andrea Pocar
Borexino is an organic liquid scintillator underground detector for low energy solar neutrinos. The experiment has to satisfy extremely stringent low background requirements. The thin nylon spherical scintillator containment vessel has to meet cleanliness and low radioactivity levels second only, within the detector, to the scintillator itself. Overall, the background from the vessel in the fiducial volume of the detector must be kept at the level of one event per day or better. The requirements, design choices, results from laboratory tests, and fabrication techniques that have been adopted to meet this goal are presented. Details of the precautions taken during …
Adaptation And Sustainability In A Small Arctic Community: Results Of An Agent-Based Simulation Model, Matthew Berman, Craig Nicolson, Gary Kofinas, Joe Tetlichi, Stephanie Martin
Adaptation And Sustainability In A Small Arctic Community: Results Of An Agent-Based Simulation Model, Matthew Berman, Craig Nicolson, Gary Kofinas, Joe Tetlichi, Stephanie Martin
Craig Nicolson
Climate warming and resource development could alter key Arctic ecosystem functions that support fish and wildlife resources harvested by local indigenous communities. A different set of global forces—government policies and tourism markets—increasingly directs local cash economies that communities use to support subsistence activities. Agent-based computational models (ABMs) contribute to an integrated assessment of community sustainability by simulating how people interact with each other and adapt to changing economic and environmental conditions. Relying on research and local knowledge to provide rules and parameters for individual and collective decision making, our ABM generates hypothetical social histories as adaptations to scenario-driven changes in …
Field-And Temperature-Induced Topological Phase Transitions In Three Dimensional N-Component London Superconductor, J. Smiseth, E. Smorgrav, Egor Babaev, A. Sudbo
Field-And Temperature-Induced Topological Phase Transitions In Three Dimensional N-Component London Superconductor, J. Smiseth, E. Smorgrav, Egor Babaev, A. Sudbo
Egor Babaev
The phase diagram and critical properties of the $N$-component London superconductor are studied both analytically and through large-scale Monte-Carlo simulations in $d=2+1$ dimensions (components here refer to different replicas of the complex scalar field). Examples are given of physical systems to which this model is applicable. The model with different bare phase stiffnesses for each component, is a model of superconductivity which should arise out of metallic phases of light atoms under extreme pressure. A projected mixture of electronic and protonic condensates in liquid metallic hydrogen under extreme pressure is the simplest example, corresponding to N=2. These are such that …
The O Vi Absorbers Toward Pg 0953+415: High-Metallicity, Cosmic-Web Gas Far From Luminous Galaxies, Todd M. Tripp, Bastien Aracil, David V. Bowen, Edward B. Jenkins
The O Vi Absorbers Toward Pg 0953+415: High-Metallicity, Cosmic-Web Gas Far From Luminous Galaxies, Todd M. Tripp, Bastien Aracil, David V. Bowen, Edward B. Jenkins
Todd M. Tripp
The spectrum of the low-redshift QSO PG0953+415 shows two strong, intervening O VI absorption systems. To study the nature of these absorbers, we have used the Gemini Multiobject Spectrograph to conduct a deep spectroscopic galaxy redshift survey in the 5' x 5' field centered on the QSO. This survey is fully complete for r' < 19.7 and is 73% complete for r' < 21.0. We find three galaxies at the redshift of the higher-z O VI system (z = 0.14232) including a galaxy at projected distance rho = 155 kpc. We find no galaxies in the Gemini field at the redshift of the lower-z O VI absorber (z = 0.06807), which indicates that the nearest galaxy is more than 195 kpc away or has L < 0.04 L*. Previous shallower surveys covering a larger field have shown that the z = 0.06807 O VI absorber is affiliated with a group/filament of galaxies, but the nearest known galaxy has rho = 736 kpc. The z = 0.06807 absorber is notable for several reasons. The absorption profiles reveal simple kinematics indicative of quiescent material. The H I line widths and good alignment of the H I and metal lines favor photoionization and, moreover, the column density ratios imply a high metallicity: [M/H] = -0.3 +/- 0.12. The z = 0.14232 O VI system is more complex and less constrained but also indicates a relatively high metallicity. Using galaxy redshifts from SDSS, we show that both of the PG0953+415 O VI absorbers are located in large-scale filaments of the cosmic web. Evidently, some regions of the web filaments are highly metal enriched. We discuss the origin of the high-metallicity gas and suggest that the enrichment might have occurred long ago (at high z).
Classical Physics And Quantum Loops, Barry R. Holstein, John Donoghue
Classical Physics And Quantum Loops, Barry R. Holstein, John Donoghue
John Donoghue
The standard picture of the loop expansion associates a factor of h-bar with each loop, suggesting that the tree diagrams are to be associated with classical physics, while loop effects are quantum mechanical in nature. We discuss examples wherein classical effects arise from loop contributions and display the relationship between the classical terms and the long range effects of massless particles.
Pictures From My Life With Polymer Science: Album 01, Otto Vogl
Pictures From My Life With Polymer Science: Album 01, Otto Vogl
Otto Vogl
No abstract provided.
Surface Mass Balance Of The Ward Hunt Ice Rise And Ward Hunt Ice Shelf, Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada, C. Braun, D. R. Hardy, Raymond S. Bradley, V. Sahanatien
Surface Mass Balance Of The Ward Hunt Ice Rise And Ward Hunt Ice Shelf, Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada, C. Braun, D. R. Hardy, Raymond S. Bradley, V. Sahanatien
Raymond S Bradley
The Ward Hunt Ice Rise and Ward Hunt Ice Shelf, located on Ellesmere Island, Canada, are two of the northernmost land ice masses on the North American continent. Surface mass balance measurements (excluding calving and subice processes) began in 1959 on the ice rise and in 1966 on the ice shelf but were frequently interrupted, most recently between 1986 and 2002. The surface balance of the ice rise and ice shelf follows the temporal pattern seen on other measured High Arctic glaciers. The overall surface mass losses over the last 45 years have been comparatively low (1.68 m water equivalent …
Pictures From My Life With Polymer Science: Album 02, Otto Vogl
Pictures From My Life With Polymer Science: Album 02, Otto Vogl
Otto Vogl
No abstract provided.
Program Of Gene Transcription For A Single Differentiating Cell Type During Sporulation In Bacillus Subtilis, Patrick Eichenberger, Masaya Fujita, Shane T. Jensen, Erin M. Conlon, David Z. Rudner, Stephanie T. Want, Caitlin Ferguson, Koki Haga, Txutomu Sato, Jun S. Liu, Richard Losick
Program Of Gene Transcription For A Single Differentiating Cell Type During Sporulation In Bacillus Subtilis, Patrick Eichenberger, Masaya Fujita, Shane T. Jensen, Erin M. Conlon, David Z. Rudner, Stephanie T. Want, Caitlin Ferguson, Koki Haga, Txutomu Sato, Jun S. Liu, Richard Losick
Erin M. Conlon
Asymmetric division during sporulation by Bacillus subtilis generates a mother cell that undergoes a 5-h program of differentiation. The program is governed by a hierarchical cascade consisting of the transcription factors: σE, σK, GerE, GerR, and SpoIIID. The program consists of the activation and repression of 383 genes. The σE factor turns on 262 genes, including those for GerR and SpoIIID. These DNA-binding proteins downregulate almost half of the genes in the σE regulon. In addition, SpoIIID turns on ten genes, including genes involved in the appearance of σK. Next, σK activates 75 additional genes, including that for GerE. This …
The Program Of Gene Transcription For A Single Differentiating Cell Type During Sporulation In Bacillus Subtilis, Patrick Eichenberger, Masaya Fujita, Shane T. Jensen, Erin M. Conlon, David Z. Rudner, Stephanie T. Wang, Caitlin Ferguson, Koki Haga, Tsutomu Sato, Jun S. Liu, Richard Losick
The Program Of Gene Transcription For A Single Differentiating Cell Type During Sporulation In Bacillus Subtilis, Patrick Eichenberger, Masaya Fujita, Shane T. Jensen, Erin M. Conlon, David Z. Rudner, Stephanie T. Wang, Caitlin Ferguson, Koki Haga, Tsutomu Sato, Jun S. Liu, Richard Losick
Erin M. Conlon
Asymmetric division during sporulation by Bacillus subtilis generates a mother cell that undergoes a 5-h program of differentiation. The program is governed by a hierarchical cascade consisting of the transcription factors: σE, σK, GerE, GerR, and SpoIIID. The program consists of the activation and repression of 383 genes. The σE factor turns on 262 genes, including those for GerR and SpoIIID. These DNA-binding proteins downregulate almost half of the genes in the σE regulon. In addition, SpoIIID turns on ten genes, including genes involved in the appearance of σK. Next, σK activates 75 additional genes, including that for GerE. This …
Pictures From My Life With Polymer Science: Album 03, Otto Vogl
Pictures From My Life With Polymer Science: Album 03, Otto Vogl
Otto Vogl
No abstract provided.
Above-Room-Temperature Ferromagnetic Ni2+:Zno Thin Films Prepared From Colloidal Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor Quantum Dots, D. A. Schwartz, Kevin R. Kittilstved, D. R. Gamelin
Above-Room-Temperature Ferromagnetic Ni2+:Zno Thin Films Prepared From Colloidal Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor Quantum Dots, D. A. Schwartz, Kevin R. Kittilstved, D. R. Gamelin
Kevin R. Kittilstved
We report the preparation of spin-coated nickel-doped zinc oxide nanocrystalline thin films using high-quality colloidal diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) quantum dots as solution precursors. These films show robust ferromagnetism with Curie temperatures above 350 K and 300 K saturation moments up to 0.1 Bohr magnetons per nickel. These results demonstrate a step toward the use of colloidal zero-dimensional DMS nanocrystals as building blocks for the bottom-up construction of more complex ferromagnetic semiconductor nanostructures.
Pictures From My Life With Polymer Science: Album 04, Otto Vogl
Pictures From My Life With Polymer Science: Album 04, Otto Vogl
Otto Vogl
No abstract provided.
Pictures From My Life With Polymer Science: Album 05, Otto Vogl
Pictures From My Life With Polymer Science: Album 05, Otto Vogl
Otto Vogl
No abstract provided.
Pictures From My Life With Polymer Science: Album 06, Otto Vogl
Pictures From My Life With Polymer Science: Album 06, Otto Vogl
Otto Vogl
No abstract provided.
Dynamics Of M-Theory Vacua, John Donoghue
Dynamics Of M-Theory Vacua, John Donoghue
John Donoghue
At very early times, the universe was not in a vacuum state. Under the assumtion that the deviation from equillibrium was large, in particular that it is higher than the scale of inflation, we analyse the conditions for local transitions between states that are related to different vacua. All pathways lead to an attractor solution of a description of the universe by eternal inflation with domains that have different low energy parameters. The generic case favors transitions between states that have significantly different parameters rather than jumps between nearby states in parameter space. I argue that the strong CP problem …
Orbifold Adjunction Formula And Sympletic Corbordisms Between Lens Spaces, Weimin Chen Chen
Orbifold Adjunction Formula And Sympletic Corbordisms Between Lens Spaces, Weimin Chen Chen
Weimin Chen
Each lens space has a canonical contact structure which lifts to the distribution of complex lines on the three-sphere. In this paper, we show that a symplectic homology cobordism between two lens spaces, which is given with the canonical contact structure on the boundary, must be diffeomorphic to the product of a lens space with the unit interval. As one of the main ingredients in the proof, we also derive in this paper the adjunction and intersection formulae for pseudoholomorphic curves in an almost complex 4–orbifold, extending the relevant work of Gromov and McDuff in the manifold setting.
Pictures From My Life With Polymer Science: Album 07, Otto Vogl
Pictures From My Life With Polymer Science: Album 07, Otto Vogl
Otto Vogl
No abstract provided.
Pictures From My Life With Polymer Science: Album 08, Otto Vogl
Pictures From My Life With Polymer Science: Album 08, Otto Vogl
Otto Vogl
No abstract provided.
Pictures From My Life With Polymer Science: Album 09, Otto Vogl
Pictures From My Life With Polymer Science: Album 09, Otto Vogl
Otto Vogl
No abstract provided.
Modern Glacier Retreat On Kilimanjaro As Evidence Of Climate Change: Observations And Facts, Georg Kaser, Douglas R. Hardy, Thomas Molg, Raymond S. Bradley, Tharsis M. Hyera
Modern Glacier Retreat On Kilimanjaro As Evidence Of Climate Change: Observations And Facts, Georg Kaser, Douglas R. Hardy, Thomas Molg, Raymond S. Bradley, Tharsis M. Hyera
Raymond S Bradley
In recent years, Kilimanjaro and its vanishing glaciers have become an ‘icon’ of global warming, attracting broad interest. In this paper, a synopsis of (a) field observations made by the authors and (b) climatic data as reported in the literature (proxy and long-term instrumental data) is presented to develop a new concept for investigating the retreat of Kilimanjaro’s glaciers, based on the physical understanding of glacier–climate interactions. The concept considers the peculiarities of the mountain and implies that climatological processes other than air temperature control the ice recession in a direct manner. A drastic drop in atmospheric moisture at the …
Pictures From My Life With Polymer Science: Album 10, Otto Vogl
Pictures From My Life With Polymer Science: Album 10, Otto Vogl
Otto Vogl
No abstract provided.
Effects Of Counterion Fluctuations In A Polyelectrolyte Brush, Christian Santangelo, A.W.C. Lau
Effects Of Counterion Fluctuations In A Polyelectrolyte Brush, Christian Santangelo, A.W.C. Lau
Christian Santangelo
We investigate the effect of counterion fluctuations in a single polyelectrolyte brush in the absence of added salt by systematically expanding the counterion free energy about Poisson-Boltzmann mean-field theory. We find that for strongly charged brushes, there is a collapse regime in which the brush height decreases with increasing charge on the polyelectrolyte chains. The transition to this collapsed regime is similar to the liquid-gas transition, which has a first-order line terminating at a critical point. We find that, for monovalent counterions, the transition is discontinuous in theta solvent, while for multivalent counterions, the transition is generally continuous. For collapsed …
The Relationship Between Exsolution And Magnetic Properties In Hemo-Ilmenite: Insights From Mössbauer Spectroscopy With Implications For Planetary Magnetic Anomalies, Laurie Brown, M. D. Dyar, S. A. Mcenroe, E. Murad, H. Schiellerup
The Relationship Between Exsolution And Magnetic Properties In Hemo-Ilmenite: Insights From Mössbauer Spectroscopy With Implications For Planetary Magnetic Anomalies, Laurie Brown, M. D. Dyar, S. A. Mcenroe, E. Murad, H. Schiellerup
Laurie Brown
Remanence properties of ilmenites with exsolved hematite have recently been the object of much study, because their high natural remanent magnetization (NRM) is greater than predicted for these two minerals. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Mössbauer spectroscopy in conjunction with electron microprobe and NRM measurements were used to explore the possibility that single domain (SD) hematite lamellae in the ilmenite host could explain the observed remanence, and to determine if magnetite is present. XRD results show the presence of ilmenite and hematite. Mössbauer data show that only species assigned to hematite, ilmenite, and a small amount of tetrahedral Fe3+ are present. …
Paleomagnetic Directions And 40ar/39ar Ages From The Tatara-San Pedro Volcanic Complex, Chilean Andes: Lava Record Of A Matuyama-Brunhes Precursor?, Laurie Brown, J. C. Pickens, B. S. Singer, B. R. Jicha
Paleomagnetic Directions And 40ar/39ar Ages From The Tatara-San Pedro Volcanic Complex, Chilean Andes: Lava Record Of A Matuyama-Brunhes Precursor?, Laurie Brown, J. C. Pickens, B. S. Singer, B. R. Jicha
Laurie Brown
Lava flows within Quebrada Turbia valley of the Tatara San Pedro volcanic complex, in central Chile (36°S, 289°E), preserve a detailed record of what was presumed to be the Matuyama-Brunhes geomagnetic reversal. A sampling traverse in the central west wall of the valley yields reverse and transitional polarity flows of the Quebrada Turbia sequence. Two kilometers to the north, another section yields 17 transitional flows from the same volcanic sequence overlain by flows with normal polarity. The 40Ar/39Ar incremental heating experiments on lavas within the two sections provide nine independent age determinations and yield a weighted mean of 791.7 ± …