Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Supercontinuum Light Generation Via Non-Linear Effects In Hollow-Core Fiber, Skyler Gulati

Physics Student Works

The field of non-linear optics has gained traction in the last couple decades due to the variable generation of wavelengths which are less deterministic than within traditional optics. Using non-linear mediums, including hollow-core fibers (HCF), generation of wavelengths spanning into the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) wavelength range is possible. These short wavelengths can be utilized within electron spectroscopy-based methods of material science like angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). This technique most often uses specific photoemission lines of atoms in discharge lamps, however, with the frequency dispersion capabilities of HCF, broad band creation can allow for variable wavelength selection through filtering specific wavelengths …

Quantum Dots In Two-Dimensional Tungsten Diselenide, Jeb Allen Michael Stacy

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This work focuses on the investigation of single and double quantum dots in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide tungsten diselenide (WSe_2) as a means to evaluate the valley degree of freedom as a potential qubit and ambipolar tungsten diselenide monolayers as single photon sources. Gate-defined quantum dots in monolayer and bilayer WSe_2 were fabricated and characterized. Single dot devices are gated from above and below the WSe_2 to accumulate a hole gas. Temperature dependence of Coulomb-blockade peak height is consistent with single-level transport. Excited-state transport in the quantum dot is shown for both monolayer and bilayer devices. Magnetic field dependence of …

Hierarchically Structured Photoelectrodes Via Atomic Layer Deposition, Justin Rowan Reed Demoulpied

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

In the search for a sustainable method to meet increasing energy needs, solar energy emerges as an underutilized, plentiful resource. Solar intermittency and requirements for transportation necessitate storing solar energy in the form of chemical bonds via artificial photosynthesis. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting generates hydrogen fuel from solar energy and water. A semiconducting material that successfully meets the complex requirements for building an industrially scalable PEC device has yet to emerge. This is leading to a reevaluation of materials previously overlooked within PEC research, mainly materials with limitations such as minimal charge carrier mobility and propensity to corrosion under illumination …

Study Of Single-Photon Wave-Packets With Atomically Thin Nonlinear Mirrors, Christopher Klenke

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

A novel controlled phase gate for photonic quantum computing is proposed by exploiting the powerful nonlinear optical responses of atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and it is shown that such a gate could elicit a π-rad phase shift in the outgoing electric field only in the case of two incident photons and no other cases. Firstly, the motivation for such a gate is developed and then the implementation of monolayer TMDs is presented as a solution to previous realization challenges. The single-mode case of incident photons upon a TMD is derived and is then used to constrain the more …

Design, Fabrication, And Characterization Of An Array Of Graphene Based Variable Capacitors, Millicent Nkirote Gikunda

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Since it was first isolated and characterized in 2004, graphene has shown the potential for a technological revolution. This is due to its amazing physical properties such as high electrical conductivity, high thermal conductivity, and extreme flexibility. Freestanding graphene membranes naturally possesses an intrinsic rippled structure, and these ripples are in constant random motion even room temperatures. Occasionally, the ripples undergo spontaneous buckling (change of curvature from concave to convex and vice versa) and the potential energy associated with this is a double well potential. This movement of graphene is a potential source of vibrational energy.

In this dissertation, we …

Sigesn Light-Emitting Devices: From Optical To Electrical Injection, Yiyin Zhou

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Si photonics is a fast-developing technology that impacts many applications such as data centers, 5G, Lidar, and biological/chemical sensing. One of the merits of Si photonics is to integrate electronic and photonic components on a single chip to form a complex functional system that features compact, low-cost, high-performance, and reliability. Among all building blocks, the monolithic integration of lasers on Si encountered substantial challenges. Si and Ge, conventional epitaxial material on Si, are incompetent for light emission due to the indirect bandgap. The current solution compromises the hybrid integration of III-V lasers, which requires growing on separate smaller size substrates …

Parity-Time Symmetry In A Coherent Atomic Medium, Jingliang Feng

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Parity-time (PT) symmetry has attracted considerable attention since optics was realized with the ability to provide a fertile platform for the exploration of PT symmetry. Although many of the previous researches on PT symmetry have been conducted in solid-state system and the network of fiber loops, coherent atomic medium offers another platform for the exploration of PT symmetry due to its easy reconfigurability and flexible tunability in parameters.

This dissertation mainly focuses on the investigations of the phenomena related to PT-symmetric optical lattice in a coherent atomic medium. First, a controllable photonic crystal with periodic Raman gain was constructed in …

Fabrication And Characterization Of Photodetector Devices Based On Nanostructured Materials: Graphene And Colloidal Nanocrystals, Wafaa Gebril

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Photodetectors are devices that capture light signals and convert them into electrical signals. High performance photodetectors are in demand in a variety of applications, such as optical communication, security, and environmental monitoring. Among many appealing nanomaterials for novel photodetection devices, graphene and semiconductor colloidal nanocrystals are promising candidates because of their desirable and unique properties compared to conventional materials.

Photodetector devices based on different types of nanostructured materials including graphene and colloidal nanocrystals were investigated. First, graphene layers were mechanically exfoliated and characterized for device fabrication. Self-powered few layers graphene phototransistors were studied. At zero drain voltage bias and room …

Quantum Dynamical Phenomena In Non-Hermitian And Magnomechanical Systems, Saeid Vashahri Ghamsari

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

In this dissertation, we have investigated quantum dynamics via three case studies. First, we studied a system of two coupled waveguides respectively carrying optical damping and optical gain in addition to squeezing elements in one or both waveguides. Such a system is expected to generate highly entangled light fields in the two waveguides. We, however, show that the degree of the created entanglement is significantly affected by the quantum noises associated with the amplification and dissipation. Because of the noise effect, one can only have nonzero entanglement for a limited time interval. Second, we generalized the first project by considering …

Applications Of Cathodoluminescence In Plasmonic Nanostructures And Ultrathin Inas Quantum Layers, Qigeng Yan

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Due to the advanced focusing ability, characterization methods based on the electron-beam excitation have been broadly applied to investigate nanomaterials. Structural or compositional information is commonly acquired using electron microscopes. Moreover, taking advantage of the super spatial resolution of the focused electron beam, optical properties of nanomaterials can be also obtained. Herein, general concepts and processes of the interaction between electrons and materials are studied. Two specific optical nanomaterials, including plasmonic nanostructures and semiconductor quantum layers, are investigated by the cathodoluminescence (CL) measurement.

Surface plasmonic resonance can be generated when high-energy electrons strike the interface between the dielectric medium and …

A Study Of Optical Nonlinearities At The Single-Photon Level For Quantum Logic, Balakrishnan Viswanathan

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

In this dissertation, we shall focus on theoretically studying quantum nonlinear optical schemes to construct a conditional phase gate at the single-photon level. With an aim to develop analytical models, we shall carry out a rigorous quantized multimode field analysis of some of these schemes involving only the interacting field operators. More specifically, we shall first study the three-wave mixing process involving two single-photons in a second-order nonlinear medium (x(2)) under two different cases viz. when the photons are traveling with equal velocities and when they are traveling with different velocities, and explore the possibility of using them for building …

Acoustics To Quantum Materials: A Centennial History Of The Department Of Physics, University Of Arkansas, Rajendra Gupta, Paul C. Sharrah

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

The department of physics at the University of Arkansas was established in the 1907-08 academic year, although physics was taught from the very start of the University in 1872. The department celebrated its centennial in 2007-2008. Acoustics to Quantum Materials is a centennial history of the department covering the period 1907-08 to 2007-08. While the emphasis is on this period, instruction of physics over the period 1872-1907 is covered in two prologues, and the period 2009-18 is briefly covered in an epilogue. The first research laboratory to be established was in the area of acoustics. Subsequently, the department’s faculty have …

Large-Scale Atomistic Simulations Of Complex And Functional Properties Of Ferroic Materials, Raymond Thomas Walter

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Ferroelectric (FE) nanostructures have attracted considerable attention as our abilities improve to synthesize them and to predict their properties by theoretical means. Depolarizing field effects at interfaces of FE heterostructures are particularly notable for causing topological defects such as FE vortices and negative dielectric responses in superlattices. In this thesis, I employ two large-scale atomistic techniques, the first-principles-based effective Hamiltonian (HEff) method and the linear-scaling three-dimensional fragment (LS3DF) method. I use these methods to explore optical rotation in FE vortices, electro-optic effects in FE vortices and skyrmions, and voltage amplification via negative capacitance in ferroelectric-paraelectric superlattices. We employ HEff in …

University Physics I: Classical Mechanics, Julio Gea-Banacloche

Open Educational Resources

This is a textbook for the first semester of University Physics for scientists and engineers. It covers classical mechanics, and a brief introduction to thermodynamics. The presentation and approach are similar to Mazur’s “The Principles and Practice of Physics,” in that conservation laws are introduced before forces, and one-dimensional systems thoroughly covered before moving to two dimensions. Although the course is “calculus based,” the book has been written with the understanding that many students may be taking calculus simultaneously as a corequisite, so the use of calculus is relatively sparse.

This revised version (Fall 2019) takes into account a number …

Comparison Of Various Mean Field Formulations For Retrieving Refractive Indices Of Aerosol Particles Containing Inclusions, Kristin S. Dooley, Jessica Deyoung

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Application of effective medium approximation (EMA) methods to two-component systems are presented. Systems studied are composed of water, sulfate, soot, and dust as these are commonly encountered atmospheric aerosol components. Atmospheric models often employ EMAs to include internally mixed aerosols without the computational burden of exact theory. In the current work, several types of mixing rules (Maxwell-Garnet, Bruggeman, and coherent potential approximation) have been applied to various two-component internally mixed particles at 550 nm using volume fractions of the minor component below 0.1. As expected, results show that the formulations tested produce very similar effective refractive indices indicating that electric …

Structural And Elastic Properties Of Degenerate Sno Monolayers At Finite Temperature, Afsana Sharmin

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Chalcogen-based layered superconductors with a litharge structure such as FeS and FeSe mono-layers undergo structural and superconducting phase transitions that are tunable by doping. Representing another material platform with a litharge structure but without valence d-electrons, SnO monolayers also display a structural ground state with a degenerate rectangular unit cell at zero temperature and a charge-tunable energy barrier that leads to a thermally-controllable structural phase change. Doped SnO monolayers with rectangular degenerate unit cells give rise to two-dimensional multiferroicity. Their two-dimensional elastic energy landscape adopts a basic analytic expression that is employed to discuss this structural transition. The results contained …

Energy From Active Galactic Nuclei And The Effects On Host Spiral Galaxies, Amanda Schilling

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

I have investigated the energy output of active galactic nuclei (AGN) in order to understand how these objects evolve and the impact they may have on host galaxies. First, I looked at a sample of 96 AGN at redshifts $z \sim 2, 3,$ and $4$ which have imaging and thus luminosity measurements in the $griz$ and $JHK$ observed wavebands. For these galaxies, I have co-epochal data across those bands which accounted for variability in AGN luminosity. I used the luminosity measurements in the five bands to construct spectral energy distributions (SED) in the emitted optical-UV bands for each AGN. I …

Characterizing Nanoparticle Size By Dynamic Light Scattering, M. Zaman, S. Ang, S. Singh

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) Technique was used to determine the size, shape and diffusion coefficient of rod-like nanoparticles. The intensity auto-correlation functions of light scattered by particles in a solution were measured and analyzed to obtain the relaxation rates for decay of intensity correlations. These decay rates are related to the diffusion coefficients pertaining to the motion of the particle. In the case of nanorods, there are two types of motion - translational and rotational. By disentangling the relaxation rates, corresponding to these two types of motion, the shape and size of nanoparticles were characterized. These experiments, though limited …

Photoelectric Characterization Of Bacteriorhodopsin Reconstituted In Lipid Bilayer Membrane, Joel Kamwa

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this work was to conduct basic research in biologically inspired energy conversion solutions. A photosynthetic protein (Bacteriorhodopsin) was reconstituted in a bi-layer membrane. Then, when a laser beam was shined on the membrane, the photon energy was used by the protein to pump protons across the membrane. The translocation of protons across the membrane was measured as photocurrent. For this purpose, a system was built to characterize the lipid bilayer membranes and to measure the photocurrent. The lipid bilayer membrane was characterized by its capacitance and resistance. A picoampere photocurrent was observed when Bacteriorhodopsin protein was present …

Atom-Based Geometrical Fingerprinting Of Conformal Two-Dimensional Materials, Mehrshad Mehboudi

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The shape of two-dimensional materials plays a significant role on their chemical and physical properties. Two-dimensional materials are basic meshes that are formed by mesh points (vertices) given by atomic positions, and connecting lines (edges) between points given by chemical bonds. Therefore the study of local shape and geometry of two-dimensional materials is a fundamental prerequisite to investigate physical and chemical properties. Hereby the use of discrete geometry to discuss the shape of two-dimensional materials is initiated.

The local geometry of a surface embodied in 3D space is determined using four invariant numbers from the metric and curvature tensors which …

Solid State Dye Sensitive Solar Cells Based On Zno Nanowire As The N-Type Semiconductor, S. Abdulalmohsin

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

We fabricated solid state dye-sensitized solar cells with ZnO nanorods as the n-type material and polypyrrole as the p-type material. The ZnO nanorods were grown on indium-tin oxide (ITO) glass by electrochemical methods for one hour. Scanning electron micrographs of the ZnO nanowire (NW) indicated a length of about 1 micrometer and a diameter of approximately 100-200 nm for the nanorods. Polypyrrole deposited on ITO/ZnO NW/dye and the fabricated device of ITO glass/ZnO nanorods/dye/polypyrrole/Ag showed a power conversion efficiency of 1.29%.

Active Galactic Nuclei Mergers And Outflows: Observations From Optical And Ultraviolet Emission Lines, Robert Scott Barrows

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

I have investigated the nature of a subset of active galactic nuclei (AGN) which show double peaks in their characteristic optical and ultraviolet emission lines. I have performed this investigation through studies of the broad emission line regions (BLRs), which are produced less than 1 pc from the central supermassive black hole (SMBH), and the narrow emission line regions (NLRs), which originate at larger (kpc) distances. The BLR studies consist of detailed line modeling of two individual quasars with double-peaked broad emission line profiles. The modeling suggests there are two primary interpretations of the complex broad line profiles. The first …

Polarization Properties Of Maxwell-Gauss Laser Beams, Jessica Patricia Conry

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Laser beams are wave-like optical disturbances. They are characterized by a dominant direction of propagation and a finite extent transverse to the direction of propagation. Many characteristics of laser beams can be described in terms of a scalar function multiplied by a constant vector, which can be real (for linear polarization) or complex (for elliptical polarization). The scalar function is a solution to the paraxial scalar wave equation. This scalar description, however, fails to describe the polarization and focusing characteristics of laser beams correctly. For a correct accounting of these characteristics, the electric and magnetic fields associated with laser beams …

Symmetry-Based Techniques For Qualitative Understanding Of Rovibrational Effects In Spherical-Top Molecular Spectra And Dynamics, Justin Chadwick Mitchell

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Using light to probe the structure of matter is as natural as opening our eyes. Modern physics and chemistry have turned this art into a rich science, measuring the delicate interactions possible at the molecular level.

Perhaps the most commonly used tool in computational spectroscopy is that of matrix diagonalization. While this is invaluable for calculating everything from molecular structure and energy levels to dipole moments and dynamics, the process of numerical diagonalization is an opaque one. This work applies symmetry and semi-classical techniques to elucidate numerical spectral analysis for high-symmetry molecules.

Semi-classical techniques, such as the Potential Energy Surfaces, …

Effects Of Annealing On The Electronic Transitions Of Zns Thin Films, S. S. Chiad, W. A. Jabbar, N. F. Habubi

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Thin films of zinc sulphide were prepared using a flash evaporation technique. The obtained thin films were subjected to heat treatment to investigate the effect of annealing on the transmittance spectrum and the electronic transitions. It has been found that annealing affected the transmission spectrum and caused an increase in the direct optical band gap. The optical parameters, oscillator energy E0 and dispersion energy Ed were determined using the Wemple DiDomenico single oscillator model. The optical energy gap obtained from the Wemple and DiDomenico model was in good agreement with the optical energy gap proposed by the Tauc theory.

Synthesis And Characterization Of Ruthenium Complexes Containing Chlorophenanthroline And Bipyridine, Anwar A. Bhuiyan, S. Kudo, J. Bartlett

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The divalent ruthenium polypyridine complexes hold promise as efficient photocatalysts for solar energy conversion schemes. This paper deals with the synthesis and spectroscopic investigation of ruthenium polypyridine complexes, which may be useful as photosensitizers. The homoleptic ruthenium(II) complex Ru(Cl-phen)3(PF6)2 (where Cl-phen = 5- chloro-1,10-phenanthroline), and heteroleptic ruthenium(II) complexes Ru(Cl-phen)2(bpy)(PF6)2, and Ru(Cl-phen)(bpy)2(PF6)2 (where bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine) have been prepared by following the standard synthetic procedure. Silica and alumina column chromatographies were used to purify the compounds. Mass spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy, and elemental analysis were used to confirm the identity and the integrity of the complexes. Absorption and emission …

Optical Characterization Of Silver Doped Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Films, W. A. Jabbar, N. F. Habubi, S. S. Chiad

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Silver-doped PVA films were prepared by casting method in order to study the effect of silver on the optical properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) using UV/VIS spectroscopy. It was found that these thin films have an indirect optical band gap (2.4-1.3) eV as the doping percentage increase. Extinction coefficient and refractive index increase as the doping percentage increase, while in general the optical dispersion parameters show an opposite behavior with doping

Imaging Second-Harmonic Radiation And Scattering Patterns In Zno Micro/Nanostructures, Katrina Marie Geren

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The optical characteristics of ZnO nanostructures have recently garnered interest due to the inclusion of these structures in many nanoscale optical and optoelectronic devices. This thesis will address several characteristics involving second harmonic generation and scattering in ZnO nano- and microstructures. A method will be presented for determining the nonlinear coefficients of the second order susceptibility in a single ZnO rod. This method uses transmission geometry where previous methods have employed back-reflected irradiation. The nonlinear coefficients found using this new technique were consistent with previous data from similar structures. Models will be presented for predicting the second harmonic scattering patterns …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Homoleptic And Heteroleptic Ruthenium Polypyridine Complexes, Anwar A. Bhuiyan, S. Kudo, C. Wade, R. F. Davis

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The homoleptic ruthenium(II) complex Ru(C13H10N2)3(PF6)2, and heteroleptic ruthenium(II) complexes Ru(C13H10N2)2(C10H8N2)(PF6)2, and Ru(C13H10N2)(C10H8N2)2(PF6)2 have been prepared by following the standard synthetic procedure. These complexes were then purified by repeated column chromatography. The identity and the integrity of the complexes were confirmed by elemental analysis and mass spectroscopy. The calculated and the experimental values for the elemental analysis were in good agreement. The calculated and the experimental molar masses obtained were also identical. Ultravioletvisible absorption and emission spectroscopic methods were used to investigate the properties of these complexes. The absorption spectra of all complexes consist of a series of absorption bands in …

Resonance Raman Spectroscopy For The Investigation Of Heteroleptic Ruthenium Polypyridine Complexes, Anwar A. Bhiuyan

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.