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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A Novel Parabolic Model Of Instructional Efficiency Grounded On Ideal Mental Workload And Performance, Luca Longo, Murali Rajendran
A Novel Parabolic Model Of Instructional Efficiency Grounded On Ideal Mental Workload And Performance, Luca Longo, Murali Rajendran
Articles
Instructional efficiency within education is a measurable concept and models have been proposed to assess it. The main assumption behind these models is that efficiency is the capacity to achieve established goals at the minimal expense of resources. This article challenges this assumption by contributing to the body of Knowledge with a novel model that is grounded on ideal mental workload and performance, namely the parabolic model of instructional efficiency. A comparative empirical investigation has been constructed to demonstrate the potential of this model for instructional design evaluation. Evidence demonstrated that this model achieved a good concurrent validity with the …
A Comparison Of Instructional Efficiency Models In Third Level Education, Murali Rajendran
A Comparison Of Instructional Efficiency Models In Third Level Education, Murali Rajendran
Dissertations
This study investigates the validity and sensitivity of a novel model of instructional efficiency: the parabolic model. The novel model is compared against state-of-the-art models present in instructional design today; Likelihood model, Deviational model and Multidimensional model. This models is based on the assumption that optimal mental workload and high performance leads to high efficiency, while other models assume that low mental workload and high performance leads to high efficiency. The investigation makes use of two instructional design conditions: a direct instructions approach to learning and its extension with a collaborative activity. A control group received the former instructional design …
Task Demand Transition Peak Point Effects On Mental Workload Measures Divergence, Enrique Muñoz-De-Escalona, José Juan Cañas, Maria Chiara Leva, Luca Longo
Task Demand Transition Peak Point Effects On Mental Workload Measures Divergence, Enrique Muñoz-De-Escalona, José Juan Cañas, Maria Chiara Leva, Luca Longo
Conference Papers
The capacity to assess and manage mental workload is becoming more and more relevant in the current work environments as it helps to prevent work related accidents and achieve better efficiency and productivity. Mental workload is often measured indirectly by inferring its effects on performance, mental states, and psychophysiological indexes. Since these three main axes should reflect changes in task demands, convergence between measures is expected, however research has found that this convergence is not to be taken for granted as it is not often present. This study aims to explore how the task demand transition peak point may affect …
An Empirical Evaluation Of The Inferential Capacity Of Defeasible Argumentation, Non-Monotonic Fuzzy Reasoning And Expert Systems, Lucas Rizzo, Luca Longo
An Empirical Evaluation Of The Inferential Capacity Of Defeasible Argumentation, Non-Monotonic Fuzzy Reasoning And Expert Systems, Lucas Rizzo, Luca Longo
Articles
Several non-monotonic formalisms exist in the field of Artificial Intelligence for reasoning under uncertainty. Many of these are deductive and knowledge-driven, and also employ procedural and semi-declarative techniques for inferential purposes. Nonetheless, limited work exist for the comparison across distinct techniques and in particular the examination of their inferential capacity. Thus, this paper focuses on a comparison of three knowledge-driven approaches employed for non-monotonic reasoning, namely expert systems, fuzzy reasoning and defeasible argumentation. A knowledge-representation and reasoning problem has been selected: modelling and assessing mental workload. This is an ill-defined construct, and its formalisation can be seen as a reasoning …
Direct And Constructivist Instructional Design: A Comparison Of Efficiency Using Mental Workload And Task Performance, Giuliana Orru, Luca Longo
Direct And Constructivist Instructional Design: A Comparison Of Efficiency Using Mental Workload And Task Performance, Giuliana Orru, Luca Longo
Conference papers
This paper investigates the efficiency of two instructional design conditions: a traditional design based on the direct instruction approach to learning and its extension with a collaborative activity based upon the community of inquiry approach to learning. This activity was built upon a set of textual trigger questions to elicit cognitive abilities and support knowledge formation. A total of 115 students participated in the experiments and a number of third-level computer science classes where divided in two groups. A control group of learners received the former instructional design while an experimental group also received the latter design. Subsequently, learners of …
Analysing The Impact Of Machine Learning To Model Subjective Mental Workload: A Case Study In Third-Level Education, Karim Moustafa, Luca Longo
Analysing The Impact Of Machine Learning To Model Subjective Mental Workload: A Case Study In Third-Level Education, Karim Moustafa, Luca Longo
Conference papers
Mental workload measurement is a complex multidisciplinary research area that includes both the theoretical and practical development of models. These models are aimed at aggregating those factors, believed to shape mental workload, and their interaction, for the purpose of human performance prediction. In the literature, models are mainly theory-driven: their distinct development has been influenced by the beliefs and intuitions of individual scholars in the disciplines of Psychology and Human Factors. This work presents a novel research that aims at reversing this tendency. Specifically, it employs a selection of learning techniques, borrowed from machine learning, to induce models of mental …
Petrochemical Plant Console Operator Workload:The Issues, David A. Strobhar
Petrochemical Plant Console Operator Workload:The Issues, David A. Strobhar
H-Workload 2017: Models and Applications (Works in Progress)
The console operators of certain petrochemical processes must maintain high levels of performance during process upsets or endanger personnel safety and the environment. Mismanagement of an upset can result in explosions, fires, and the release of hazardous chemicals to the environment. The change in workload from steady state to upset operation is significant, with alarms and control changes that are of an order of magnitude. This paper describes the state of console activity in process plants, particularly the increase with key upsets. Quantitative data on the nature of the console operator’s position, its workload during normal operation, and the requirements …
A Workload-Centered Perspective On Reduced Crew Operations In Commercial Aviation, Daniela Schmid
A Workload-Centered Perspective On Reduced Crew Operations In Commercial Aviation, Daniela Schmid
H-Workload 2017: Models and Applications (Works in Progress)
Mental workload of a pilot, in short workload, depends on various characteristics of different accumulated tasks on the flight deck. Exogenous task demands and endogenous supply of attentional or information processing resources determine workload [1]. Performance is expect to drop if the demand exceeds the available resources of the pilot. Expertise and experience modulate the endogenous sup- ply of resources like perceiving, updating memory, planing, making a decision, and executing and processing a response. Subsequently, workload manifests in performance variables, subjective experience, and physiological parameters [2]. This is how we can summarize workload very brie y to introduce a model …
Moving Between Automated And Manual Driving: Mental Workload And Performance Implications, Totsapon Butmee, Terry C. Lansdown
Moving Between Automated And Manual Driving: Mental Workload And Performance Implications, Totsapon Butmee, Terry C. Lansdown
H-Workload 2017: Models and Applications (Works in Progress)
Automated driving has been predicted to take-over from manual vehicle control in the near future. The driver’s role may then change from active operator to passive observer. Such technology offers the tantalising promise of improving driving safety. However, many studies have presented findings suggesting potentially adverse effects from automated driving systems, e.g., reduced situation awareness. Mental workload is also a key issue of concern for researchers in this area. Excessive mental workload has repeatedly been shown to be associated with degraded driving performance. Previously, most traffic psychology studies on mental workload have focused the manual driving task. However, a shift …
Online Measuring Of Available Resources, Enrique Munoz-De-Escalona, José Juan Canas
Online Measuring Of Available Resources, Enrique Munoz-De-Escalona, José Juan Canas
H-Workload 2017: Models and Applications (Works in Progress)
This paper present a proposal for measuring available mental resources during the accomplishment of a task. Our proposal consists in measuring emotions provoked by perceived self-efficacy in the execution of the task. Self-efficacy is one of the most important factors that affect the resources that a person puts at the disposal of the execution of the task. When a person perceives that he/she is not being effective he/she will activate more resources to improve his performance. This self-efficacy will be reflected in the emotions that the person experiences. A good efficacy will provoke positive emotions and a bad efficacy negative …
Towards A Not Obtrusive Low Cost Biosystem To Assess Risk Perception In Workplace Through Stress Detection, Emanuele Bellini, Serena Benevenuti, Chiara Batistini
Towards A Not Obtrusive Low Cost Biosystem To Assess Risk Perception In Workplace Through Stress Detection, Emanuele Bellini, Serena Benevenuti, Chiara Batistini
H-Workload 2017: Models and Applications (Works in Progress)
The main aim of the article is to build a method to assess risk perception in real time in order to early detect and prevent risk behaviors and possible human errors. To this end, the relation between mental workload and stress as critical factors affecting risk perception has been investigated. In particular the mental-physical activation generated by an increment of the workload has the effect of reducing the resources needed to perceive risk increasing the worker vulnerability. The complexity of the stress phenomenon suggested the adoption of an integrated view. The Functional Model has been adopted to for its holistic …
How Useful Are Carboard Mock-Ups: The Use Of Different Levels Of Simulation Fidelity In Assessing Signallers' Workload, Andrew Marshall, James Murphy
How Useful Are Carboard Mock-Ups: The Use Of Different Levels Of Simulation Fidelity In Assessing Signallers' Workload, Andrew Marshall, James Murphy
H-Workload 2017: Models and Applications (Works in Progress)
Two techniques were utilised: the Bedford Scale and the NASA TLX. Assessments were made with two levels of fidelity. The first used a busy 15 minute scenario with seven different failure conditions using paper based layouts of the new signalling system. The second used a three dimensional representation of the proposed signal box layout for a busy one hour scenario. A key finding was that the new box could be run by two signallers with acceptable levels of workload, even with minor failures. A number of changes to the layout were proposed based on the experience of an hour's simulation. …
Facing Human Workload: The Resilient Ego: A Psychoanalytic Point Of View, Glauco Maria Genga, Maria Gabriella Pediconii
Facing Human Workload: The Resilient Ego: A Psychoanalytic Point Of View, Glauco Maria Genga, Maria Gabriella Pediconii
H-Workload 2017: Models and Applications (Works in Progress)
The paper aims to show new connections among Human Factors, Human Workload and Resilience. We intend: 1) to highlight the role of subject in facing the human workload, inflected as demanding tasks and emergency situations; 2) to show how psychoanalysis can provide novel insights, not only into human errors, but also into human resilience. They have a common denominator, at least in part: the role of subjective contributions even in demanding situations. Human workload includes a work for satisfaction. We recall also the case study of US Airways Flight 1549 water landing (the so called “Miracle on the Hudson”), which …
Representing And Inferring Mental Workload Via Defeasible Reasoning: A Comparison With The Nasa Task Load Index And The Workload Profile, Lucas Middeldorf Rizzo, Luca Longo
Representing And Inferring Mental Workload Via Defeasible Reasoning: A Comparison With The Nasa Task Load Index And The Workload Profile, Lucas Middeldorf Rizzo, Luca Longo
Conference papers
The NASA Task Load Index (NASA − TLX) and the Workload Profile (WP) are likely the most employed instruments for subjective mental workload (MWL) measurement. Numerous areas have made use of these methods for assessing human performance and thusly improving the design of systems and tasks. Unfortunately, MWL is still a vague concept, with different definitions and no universal measure. This research investigates the use of defeasible reasoning to represent and assess MWL. Reasoning is defeasible when a conclusion, supported by a set of premises, can be retracted in the light of new information. In this empirical study, this type …
On The Relationship Between Perception Of Usability And Subjective Mental Workload Of Web Interfaces, Luca Longo, Pierpaolo Dondio
On The Relationship Between Perception Of Usability And Subjective Mental Workload Of Web Interfaces, Luca Longo, Pierpaolo Dondio
Conference papers
Inspection methods and cheap self-reporting procedures have been significantly employed in the field of Human- Computer Interaction for assessing the usability of interfaces, systems and technologies. However, there is a tendency to overlook aspects related to the context and features of the users during the usability assessment process. This research introduces the concept of mental workload as an aid to enhance usability measurement. A user-study has been designed and executed in the context of human-web interaction. The aim was to investigate the relationship between the perception of usability of three popular web-sites, and the mental workload imposed by a set …