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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

A Fixed Point Theorem For A Compact And Connected Set In Hilbert Space, Hülya Duru Jan 2011

A Fixed Point Theorem For A Compact And Connected Set In Hilbert Space, Hülya Duru

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

Let (H,) be a real Hilbert space and let K be a compact and connected subset of H. We show that every continuous mapping T:K \rightarrow K satisfying a mild condition has a fixed point.


Covers And Envelopes With Respect To A Semidualizing Module, Xiaoguang Yan, Xiaosheng Zhu Jan 2011

Covers And Envelopes With Respect To A Semidualizing Module, Xiaoguang Yan, Xiaosheng Zhu

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

Let R be a commutative ring and C be a semidualizing R-module. For a given class of R-modules Q, we define a class Q_C by M \in Q_C \Leftrightarrow Hom_R(C,M) \in Q. We prove that if Q \subseteq (R) is a Kaplansky class and closed under direct sums, then Q_C^{\bot} is special preenveloping. As corollaries, we can show that p_C^{n \bot} and f_C^{n \bot} are both special preenveloping. Finally, we show that I_C^n is covering, I_C^{n \bot} is enveloping and special preenveloping provided R is Noetherian.


Combinatorial Results For Order-Preserving And Order-Decreasing Transformations, Gonca Ayik, Hayrullah Ayik, Meti̇n Koç Jan 2011

Combinatorial Results For Order-Preserving And Order-Decreasing Transformations, Gonca Ayik, Hayrullah Ayik, Meti̇n Koç

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

Let O_n and C_n be the semigroup of all order-preserving transformations and of all order-preserving and order-decreasing transformations on the finite set X_n={1,2,\ldots ,n}, respectively. Let \fix (\alpha )={x\in X_n:x\alpha =x} for any transformation \alpha. In this paper, for any Y\subseteq X_n, we find the cardinalities of the sets O_{n,Y}={\alpha\in O_n:\fix (\alpha)=Y} and C_{n,Y}={\alpha\in C_n: \fix (\alpha )=Y}. Moreover, we find the numbers of transformations of O_n and C_n with r fixed points.


Weak-Projective Dimensions, Mohammad Javad Nikmehr, Zahra Poormahmood, Reza Nikandish Jan 2011

Weak-Projective Dimensions, Mohammad Javad Nikmehr, Zahra Poormahmood, Reza Nikandish

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this paper, the notions of weak-projective modules and weak-projective dimension over commutative domain R are given. It is shown that over semisimple rings with weak global dimension 1, these modules are equivalent to weak-injective modules. The weak-projective dimension measures how far away a domain is from being a Prüfer domain. Several properties of these modules are also presented.


Analysis Of A Differential Equation Model Of Hiv Infection Of Cd4^+ T-Cells With Saturated Reverse Function, Xiangyun Shi, Gang Li, Xueyong Zhou, Xinyu Song Jan 2011

Analysis Of A Differential Equation Model Of Hiv Infection Of Cd4^+ T-Cells With Saturated Reverse Function, Xiangyun Shi, Gang Li, Xueyong Zhou, Xinyu Song

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this paper, an ordinary differential equation model of HIV infection of CD4^+ T-cells with saturated reverse function is studied. We prove that if the basic reproduction number R_0


Conjugate Convolution And Characterizations Of Inner Amenable Locally Compact Groups, Bahram Mohammadzadeh Jan 2011

Conjugate Convolution And Characterizations Of Inner Amenable Locally Compact Groups, Bahram Mohammadzadeh

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

For locally compact group G, we give some characterizations of inner amenability of G by conjugate convolution operations. Moreover, we study multiples of positive elements in group algebra L^1(G), whenever G is inner amenable.


A Beurling-Type Theorem In Bergman Spaces, Ali Abkar Jan 2011

A Beurling-Type Theorem In Bergman Spaces, Ali Abkar

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

It is known that Beurling's theorem concerning invariant subspaces is not true in the Bergman space (in contrast to the Hardy space case). However, Aleman, Richter, and Sundberg proved that every cyclic invariant subspace in the Bergman space \lpad, 0


A Class Of Generalized Shannon-Mcmillan Theorems For Arbitrary Discrete Information Source, Kangkang Wang Jan 2011

A Class Of Generalized Shannon-Mcmillan Theorems For Arbitrary Discrete Information Source, Kangkang Wang

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this study, a class of strong limit theorems for the relative entropy densities of random sum of arbitrary information source are discussed by constructing the joint distribution and nonnegative super martingales. As corollaries, some Shannon-McMillan theorems for arbitrary information source, mth-order Markov information source and non-memory information source are obtained and some results for the discrete information source which have been obtained by authors are extended.


Geometrical Objects Associated To A Substructure, Fatma Özdemi̇r, Mircea Craşmareanu Jan 2011

Geometrical Objects Associated To A Substructure, Fatma Özdemi̇r, Mircea Craşmareanu

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

Several geometric objects, namely global tensor fields of (1,1)-type, linear connections and Riemannian metrics, associated to a given substructure on a splitting of tangent bundle, are studied. From the point of view of lifting to entire manifold, two types of polynomial substructures are distinguished according to the vanishing of not of the sum of the coefficients. Conditions of parallelism for the extended structure with respect to some remarkable linear connections are given in two forms, firstly in a global description and secondly using the decomposition in distributions. A generalization of both Hermitian and anti-Hermitian geometry is proposed.


On Generalized Witt Algebras In One Variable, Ki Bong Nam, Jonathan Pakianathan Jan 2011

On Generalized Witt Algebras In One Variable, Ki Bong Nam, Jonathan Pakianathan

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

We study a class of infinite dimensional Lie algebras called generalized Witt algebras (in one variable). These include the classical Witt algebra and the centerless Virasoro algebra as important examples. We show that any such generalized Witt algebra is a semisimple, indecomposable Lie algebra which does not contain any abelian Lie subalgebras of dimension greater than one. We develop an invariant of these generalized Witt algebras called the spectrum, and use it to show that there exist infinite families of nonisomorphic, simple, generalized Witt algebras and infinite families of nonisomorphic, nonsimple, generalized Witt algebras. We develop a machinery that can …


On Generalized (\Alpha,\Beta)-Derivations Of Semiprime Rings, Faisal Ali, Muhammad Anwar Chaudhry Jan 2011

On Generalized (\Alpha,\Beta)-Derivations Of Semiprime Rings, Faisal Ali, Muhammad Anwar Chaudhry

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

We investigate some properties of generalized (\alpha,\beta)-derivations on semiprime rings. Among some other results, we show that if g is a generalized (\alpha,\beta)-derivation, with associated (\alpha,\beta)-derivation \delta, on a semiprime ring R such that [g(x),\alpha(x)]=0 for all x\in R, then \delta(x)[y,z]=0 for all x,y,z\in R and \delta is central. We also show that if \alpha,\nu,\tau are endomorphisms and \beta,\mu are automorphisms of a semiprime ring R and if R has a generalized (\alpha,\beta)-derivation g, with associated (\alpha,\beta)-derivation \delta, such that g([\mu(x),w(y)])=[\nu(x),w(y)]_{\alpha,\tau}, where w:R\rightarrow R is commutativity preserving, then [y,z]\delta(w(p))=0 for all y,z,p\in R.


Approximation By Complex Potentials Generated By The Gamma Function, Sorin G. Gal Jan 2011

Approximation By Complex Potentials Generated By The Gamma Function, Sorin G. Gal

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this paper we find the exact orders of approximation of analytic functions by the complex versions of several potentials (including the Flett potential) generated by the Gamma function and by some singular integrals.


Existence Of Mild Solutions For Abstract Mixed Type Semilinear Evolution Equations, Hong-Bo Shi, Wan-Tong Li, Hong-Rui Sun Jan 2011

Existence Of Mild Solutions For Abstract Mixed Type Semilinear Evolution Equations, Hong-Bo Shi, Wan-Tong Li, Hong-Rui Sun

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

This paper is concerned with the existence of global mild solutions and positive mild solutions to initial value problem for a class of mixed type semilinear evolution equations with noncompact semigroup in Banach spaces. The main method is based on a new fixed point theorem with respect to convex-power condensing operator.


Weingarten Quadric Surfaces In A Euclidean 3-Space, Min Hee Kim, Dae Won Yoon Jan 2011

Weingarten Quadric Surfaces In A Euclidean 3-Space, Min Hee Kim, Dae Won Yoon

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this paper, we study quadric surfaces in a Euclidean 3-space. Furthermore, we classify quadric surfaces in a Euclidean 3-space in terms of the Gaussian curvature and the mean curvature.


A Fredholm Alternative-Like Result On Power Bounded Operators, Ali̇ Ülger, Onur Yavuz Jan 2011

A Fredholm Alternative-Like Result On Power Bounded Operators, Ali̇ Ülger, Onur Yavuz

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

Let X be a complex Banach space and T:X\rightarrow X be a power bounded operator, i.e., \sup_{n \geq 0}\ T^n\


Rotational Embeddings In E^4 With Pointwise 1-Type Gauss Map, Kadri̇ Arslan, Bengü Kiliç Bayram, Betül Bulca, Young Ho Ki̇m, Cengi̇zhan Murathan, Günay Öztürk Jan 2011

Rotational Embeddings In E^4 With Pointwise 1-Type Gauss Map, Kadri̇ Arslan, Bengü Kiliç Bayram, Betül Bulca, Young Ho Ki̇m, Cengi̇zhan Murathan, Günay Öztürk

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In the present article we study the rotational embedded surfaces in E^4. The rotational embedded surface was first studied by G. Ganchev and V. Milousheva as a surface in E^4. The Otsuki (non-round) sphere in E^4 is one of the special examples of this surface. Finally, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for the flat Ganchev-Milousheva rotational surface to have pointwise 1-type Gauss map.


B. Y. Chen Inequalities For Submanifolds Of A Riemannian Manifold Of Quasi-Constant Curvature, Ci̇han Özgür Jan 2011

B. Y. Chen Inequalities For Submanifolds Of A Riemannian Manifold Of Quasi-Constant Curvature, Ci̇han Özgür

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this paper, we prove B. Y. Chen inequalities for submanifolds of a Riemannian manifold of quasi-constant curvature, i.e., relations between the mean curvature, scalar and sectional curvatures, Ricci curvatures and the sectional curvature of the ambient space. The equality cases are considered.


Properties Of Rd-Projective And Rd-Injective Modules, Lixin Mao Jan 2011

Properties Of Rd-Projective And Rd-Injective Modules, Lixin Mao

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this paper, we first study RD-projective and RD-injective modules using, among other things, covers and envelopes. Some new characterizations for them are obtained. Then we introduce the RD-projective and RD-injective dimensions for modules and rings. The relations between the RD-homological dimensions and other homological dimensions are also investigated.


Homology With Respect To A Kernel Transformation, Seyed Naser Hosseini, Mohammad Zaher Kazemi Baneh Jan 2011

Homology With Respect To A Kernel Transformation, Seyed Naser Hosseini, Mohammad Zaher Kazemi Baneh

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this article we first give the relations between commonly used images of a morphism in a category. We then investigate d-homology in a category with certain properties, for a kernel transformation d. In particular, we show that, in an abelian category, d-homology, where d is induced by the subtraction operation, is the standard homology and that in more general categories the d-homology for a trivial d is zero. We also compute through examples the d-homology for certain kernel transformations d in such categories as R-modules, abelian groups and short exact sequences of R-modules. Finally, we characterize kernel transformations in …


Coverings Of Lie Groupoids, İlhan İçen, M. Habi̇l Gürsoy, A. Fati̇h Özcan Jan 2011

Coverings Of Lie Groupoids, İlhan İçen, M. Habi̇l Gürsoy, A. Fati̇h Özcan

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this work we constitute the category of coverings of the Lie fundamental groupoid associated with a connected smooth manifold. We show that this category is equivalent to the category of universal coverings of a connected smooth manifold. In addition, we prove the equivalence of the category of coverings of a Lie groupoid and the category of actions of this Lie groupoid on a connected smooth manifold. Also we present two side results related to actions of Lie groupoids on the manifolds and coverings of Lie groupoids.


A Note On Weighted A_P(G)-Modules, Serap Öztop Jan 2011

A Note On Weighted A_P(G)-Modules, Serap Öztop

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

Let G be a locally compact abelian group and w be a weight function on G. In this paper, we show that the space A_{p,w}(G) is a Banach module over the Figà-Talamanca Herz algebra A_p(G) and study the multiplier space from A_p(G) to A_{p,w}(G).


Invariant Subspace Problem For Positive L-Weakly And M-Weakly Compact Operators, Cevri̇ye Tonyali, Erdal Bayram Jan 2011

Invariant Subspace Problem For Positive L-Weakly And M-Weakly Compact Operators, Cevri̇ye Tonyali, Erdal Bayram

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this paper, we show that positive L-weakly and M-weakly compact operators on some real Banach lattices have a non-trivial closed invariant subspace. Also, we prove that any positive L-weakly (or M-weakly) compact operator T:E \rightarrow E\ has a non-trivial closed invariant subspace if there exists a Dunford-Pettis operator S:E \rightarrow E satisfying 0 \leq T \leq S, where E is Banach lattice.


Products Of Multiplication, Composition And Differentiation Between Weighted Bergman-Nevanlinna And Bloch-Type Spaces, Ajay K. Sharma Jan 2011

Products Of Multiplication, Composition And Differentiation Between Weighted Bergman-Nevanlinna And Bloch-Type Spaces, Ajay K. Sharma

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

Let \varphi and \psi be holomorphic maps on D such that \varphi ( D ) \subset D . Let C_{\varphi} , M_{\psi} and D be the composition, multiplication and differentiation operators, respectively. In this paper, we consider linear operators induced by products of these operators from Bergman-Nevanlinna spaces A^{\beta}_N to Bloch-type spaces. In fact, we prove that these operators map A^{\beta}_N compactly into Bloch-type spaces if and only if they map A^{\beta}_N boundedly into these spaces.


Hypersurfaces With Constant Mean Curvature In A Real Space Form, Shichang Shu, Sanyang Liu Jan 2011

Hypersurfaces With Constant Mean Curvature In A Real Space Form, Shichang Shu, Sanyang Liu

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

Let M^n be an n\(n \geq 3)-dimensional complete connected and oriented hypersurface in M^{n+1}(c)(c \geq 0) with constant mean curvature H and with two distinct principal curvatures, one of which is simple. We show that (1) if c=1 and the squared norm of the second fundamental form of M^n satisfies a rigidity condition (1.3), then M^n is isometric to the Riemannian product S^1(\sqrt{1-a^2}) \times S^{n-1}(a); (2) if c=0, H \neq 0 and the squared norm of the second fundamental form of M^n satisfies S \geq n^2H^2/(n-1), then M^n is isometric to the Riemannian product S^{n-1}(a)\times R or S^1(a) \times R^{n-1}


Krull Dimension Of Types In A Class Of First-Order Theories, Domenico Zambella Jan 2011

Krull Dimension Of Types In A Class Of First-Order Theories, Domenico Zambella

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

We study a class of first-order theories whose complete quantifier-free types with one free variable either have a trivial positive part or are isolated by a positive quantifier-free formula---plus a few other technical requirements. The theory of vector spaces and the theory fields are examples. We prove the amalgamation property and the existence of a model-companion. We show that the model-companion is strongly minimal. We also prove that the length of any increasing sequence of prime types is bounded, so every formula has finite Krull dimension.


Line Detection With Adaptive Random Samples, Ali̇ Cafer Gürbüz Jan 2011

Line Detection With Adaptive Random Samples, Ali̇ Cafer Gürbüz

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

This paper examines the detection of parameterized shapes in multidimensional noisy grayscale images. A novel shape detection algorithm utilizing random sample theory is presented. Although the method can be generalized, line detection is detailed. Each line in the image corresponds to a point in the line parameter space. The method creates hypothesis lines by randomly selecting parameter space points and tests the surrounding regions for acceptable linear features. The information obtained from each randomly selected line is used to update the parameter distribution, which reducesi the required number of random trials. The selected lines are re-estimated within a smaller search …


Rate 1 Space-Time And Space-Frequency Spreading Diversity Technique, Gökçe Hacioğlu, Ali̇ Gangal Jan 2011

Rate 1 Space-Time And Space-Frequency Spreading Diversity Technique, Gökçe Hacioğlu, Ali̇ Gangal

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

In this study, a rate 1 transmitter diversity technique is proposed. The proposed technique uses spreading transform and space-time block coding (STBC) together. Space-time, space-frequency, and frequency diversity applications of the proposed technique are shown. The code matrix of the proposed technique can be designed systematically. The proposed technique needs the channel coefficients to stay constant over transmission of 2 rows of the coding matrix regardless of the size of the coding matrix or the diversity order. However, joint detection of the symbols is required for the proposed technique. We used computer simulations to compare our technique with the quasi-orthogonal …


Performance Evaluation Of Nonparametric Ica Algorithm For Fetal Ecg Extraction, Yusuf Sevi̇m, Ayten Atasoy Jan 2011

Performance Evaluation Of Nonparametric Ica Algorithm For Fetal Ecg Extraction, Yusuf Sevi̇m, Ayten Atasoy

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Fetal electrocardiograms (FECG) contain important indications about the health and condition of the fetus. In this respect, it is crucial to apply a robust algorithm to ECG data for extraction of the FECG signal. Most of the independent component analysis (ICA) algorithms used for this purpose rely on simple statistical models. Such algorithms can fail to separate desired signals when the assumed statistical model is inaccurate. Statistical models can be estimated accurately using kernel density estimation methods. Therefore, the kernel density estimation method was used in this paper for building an ICA algorithm (nonparametric ICA: NpICA) and the algorithm was …


Design And Development Of A Tilt-Wing Uav, Ertuğrul Çeti̇nsoy, Efe Sirimoğlu, Kaan Taha Öner, Cevdet Hançer, Mustafa Ünel, Mahmut Faruk Akşi̇t, İlyas Kandemi̇r, Kayhan Gülez Jan 2011

Design And Development Of A Tilt-Wing Uav, Ertuğrul Çeti̇nsoy, Efe Sirimoğlu, Kaan Taha Öner, Cevdet Hançer, Mustafa Ünel, Mahmut Faruk Akşi̇t, İlyas Kandemi̇r, Kayhan Gülez

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

In this paper, the mechanical and aerodynamic design, carbon composite production, hierarchical control system design and vertical flight tests of a new unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), which is capable of VTOL (vertical takeoff and landing) like a helicopter and long range horizontal flight like an airplane, are presented. Real flight tests show that the aerial vehicle can successfully operate in VTOL mode. Kalman filtering is employed to obtain accurate roll and pitch angle estimations.


Ellipsoid Based L_2 Controller Design For Lpv Systems With Saturating Actuators, İbrahi̇m Beklan Küçükdemi̇ral, Levent Ucun, Yavuz Eren, Haluk Görgün, Gali̇p Cansever Jan 2011

Ellipsoid Based L_2 Controller Design For Lpv Systems With Saturating Actuators, İbrahi̇m Beklan Küçükdemi̇ral, Levent Ucun, Yavuz Eren, Haluk Görgün, Gali̇p Cansever

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

This paper addresses the L_2 gain control problem for disturbance attenuation in Linear Parameter Varying (LPV) Systems having saturating actuators when the system is subjected to L_2 disturbances. In the presented method, saturating actuator is expressed analytically with a convex hull of some linear feedback which let us construct L_2 control problem via Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs) which are obtained by some ellipsoids. It is shown that the stability and disturbance rejection capabilities of the control system are all measured by means of these nested ellipsoids where the inner ellipsoid covers the initial conditions for states whereas the outer ellipsoid …