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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Organometallic Chemistry Can Simplify The Synthesis Of Important Biologically Active Natural Products, Daniel Becker, P Carter, J. Elliott, R. Lewis Feb 2016

Organometallic Chemistry Can Simplify The Synthesis Of Important Biologically Active Natural Products, Daniel Becker, P Carter, J. Elliott, R. Lewis

Daniel P. Becker

The stereoselectivity of the Pauson--Khand reaction used for the construction of a 6a-carboprostaglandin is described, and a mechanistic hypothesis is proposed to explain the experimentally observed results. A further illustration of the stereoselectivity of the dicobaltoctacarbonyl-mediated cyclization of 1,6-enynes to bicyclo[3.3.0]-octenones is provided by a sequence of transformations that depicts the route to the precursors of pentalenolactone G. Further examples of the synthetic potential of the acetylene-Co$_{2}$(CO)$_{6}$ bimetalloclusters are shown by the synthesis of a vincristine model compound, and a sequence of transformations that provide strong evidence of the intermediacy of a 1,4-diyl (p-benzyne) in the collapse of a Z-diynene …


Stereospecific Dicobalt Octacarbonyl Mediated Enyne Cyclization For The Enantiospecific Synthesis Of A 6a-Carbocycline Analogue, Philip Magnus, Daniel Becker Feb 2016

Stereospecific Dicobalt Octacarbonyl Mediated Enyne Cyclization For The Enantiospecific Synthesis Of A 6a-Carbocycline Analogue, Philip Magnus, Daniel Becker

Daniel P. Becker

D-(+)-Ribonolactone 5 was converted into the butenolide 7 by pyrolysis of the derived ortho ester. Treatment of 7 with trisyl bromide gave the corresponding trisylate 9, which was converted into 10 by using Li,(CH,=CH),CuCN. Exposure of 10 to potassium carbonate in methanol gave epoxide 12, which underwent ring opening when treated with lithium (tri- methylsi1yl)acetylide-BF,.OEt, to give lactone 13. Reduction of lactone 13 with LiAlH, gave diol 18, which was converted into its derived acetonide 19. When 19 was treated with CO,(CO)~/CO/P~,PO, bicyclo[3.3.0]octenone 21 was formed in a highly stereoselective process. Conversion of 21 into the carbocycline analogue 28 was …


New (Nor)Aza-Adamantanes Are Agonists At The Newly Identified Serotonin 5ht4 Receptor And Antagonists At The 5ht3 Receptor, Daniel Flynn, Daniel Becker, Dale Spangler, Roger Nosal Feb 2016

New (Nor)Aza-Adamantanes Are Agonists At The Newly Identified Serotonin 5ht4 Receptor And Antagonists At The 5ht3 Receptor, Daniel Flynn, Daniel Becker, Dale Spangler, Roger Nosal

Daniel P. Becker

New aza(nor)adamantanes 1A, 1B, and 1C are described which exhibit properties of both 5-HT4 agonism and 5-HT3 antagonism. In particular, compound 1C [SC-52491], an azanoradamantane, exhibits an EC50 of 51 nM in a functional model of 5-HT4 agonism and potent antagonism, Ki = 1.2 nM, at the 5-HT3receptor.


Use Of Atom-Transfer Radical Cyclizations As An Efficient Entry Into A New Serotonergic Norazaadamantane, Daniel Flynn, Daniel Becker, Roger Nosal, Daniel Zabrowksi Feb 2016

Use Of Atom-Transfer Radical Cyclizations As An Efficient Entry Into A New Serotonergic Norazaadamantane, Daniel Flynn, Daniel Becker, Roger Nosal, Daniel Zabrowksi

Daniel P. Becker

A route to azanoradamantanes is described which makes use of an atom-transfer radical cyclization to afford 3-azabicyclo[3.3.0]octanes 3A and 3B. Subsequent elaboration of exo-allylamine functionality, followed by cyclization of the endo-hydroxymethyl intermediate 9, affords the new azanoradamantanes 11 and 4. This new azatricyclic system is useful for producing serotonin 5-HT3 antagonists and 5-HT4 agonists.


Alpha-Alkyl-Alpha-Amino-Beta-Sulphone Hydroxamates As Potent Mmp Inhibitors That Spare Mmp-1, Daniel Becker, Gary A. Decrescenzo, John Freskos, Daniel P. Getman Feb 2016

Alpha-Alkyl-Alpha-Amino-Beta-Sulphone Hydroxamates As Potent Mmp Inhibitors That Spare Mmp-1, Daniel Becker, Gary A. Decrescenzo, John Freskos, Daniel P. Getman

Daniel P. Becker

A series of α-alkyl-α-amino-β-sulphone hydroxamates was prepared and evaluated for potency versus MMP-2 and MMP-13, and for selectivity versus MMP-1. Low nanomolar potency was obtained with selectivity versus MMP-1 ranging from >10 to >1000. Selected compounds were orally bioavailable.


Rearrangement Of Cyclotriveratrylene (Ctv) Diketone: 9,10-Diarylanthracenes With Oled Applications, Samuel R. Sarsah, Marlon R. Lutz Jr., Matthias Zeller, David S. Crumrine, Daniel Becker Feb 2016

Rearrangement Of Cyclotriveratrylene (Ctv) Diketone: 9,10-Diarylanthracenes With Oled Applications, Samuel R. Sarsah, Marlon R. Lutz Jr., Matthias Zeller, David S. Crumrine, Daniel Becker

Daniel P. Becker

Electroluminescent 9,10-diaryl anthracenes have been shown to be promising host and hole-transporting materials in organic electroluminescence due to their high thermal stability, electrochemical reversibility, and wide band gap useful for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), especially blue OLEDs. Oxidation of cyclotriveratrylene (CTV) to the corresponding diketone and subsequent bromination resulted in an unexpected rearrangement to a highly functionalized 9-aryl-10-bromoanthracene derivative, which was employed in Suzuki couplings to synthesize a series of 9,10-diaryl compounds that are structural analogues of anthracene derivatives used in the preparation of OLEDs but are more highly functionalized, including electron-donating methoxy groups in addition to substitution by a …


Synthetic Strategies For The Construction Of Enantiomeric Azanoradamantanes, Daniel Becker, Roger Nosal, Daniel L. Zabrowski, Daniel Flynn Feb 2016

Synthetic Strategies For The Construction Of Enantiomeric Azanoradamantanes, Daniel Becker, Roger Nosal, Daniel L. Zabrowski, Daniel Flynn

Daniel P. Becker

The amino azanoradamantane hexahydro-2,5b-methano-IH-3aS,3aa,6aa-cyclopenta-[clpyrrole-4a-amine 1and the corresponding enantiomer ent-1 have been prepared along with benzamide derivatives SC-52491and SC-52490, respectively, which are of pharmaceutical interest. The key meso-azabicyclo[3.3.0] intermediate 3 was prepared via three separate routes: a [3+2] cycloaddition route, a radical cyclization/ionic cyclization route, and a reductive Pauson-Khand route.


Studies Of The Solid-Phase Pauson-Khand Reaction Selective In-Situ Enone Reduction To 3-Azabicyclo[3.3.0]Oct-Anones, Daniel Becker, Daniel L. Flynn Feb 2016

Studies Of The Solid-Phase Pauson-Khand Reaction Selective In-Situ Enone Reduction To 3-Azabicyclo[3.3.0]Oct-Anones, Daniel Becker, Daniel L. Flynn

Daniel P. Becker

The Smit-Caple DSAC Pauson-Khand cyclization of a series of N-protected allyl propargyl amines in the absence of oxygen gave rise to formation of the saturated azabicyclo[3.3.0]octanones in excellent yields. Standard cyclization in air gave mixtures of saturated and unsaturated ketones.


Synthesis, Crystal Structure, And Rearrangements Of Ortho-Cyclophane Cyclotetraveratrylene (Cttv) Tetraketone, Marlon R. Lutz Jr., Matthias Zeller, Samuel R.S. Sarsah, Artur Filipowicz, Hailey Wouters, Daniel Becker Feb 2016

Synthesis, Crystal Structure, And Rearrangements Of Ortho-Cyclophane Cyclotetraveratrylene (Cttv) Tetraketone, Marlon R. Lutz Jr., Matthias Zeller, Samuel R.S. Sarsah, Artur Filipowicz, Hailey Wouters, Daniel Becker

Daniel P. Becker

Oxidation of cyclotetraveratrylene (CTTV) with potassium permanganate in pyridine under reflux gave tetraketone (the [14]ketonand) 3 which exists as a previously unobserved barrel conformation with S4symmetry in the crystal structure, although the more familiar ‘boat’ conformer was shown by semi-empirical AM1 calculations to be 3.03 kcal/mol lower in energy. In addition to CTTV tetraketone 3, an isomeric bis-spirolactone 4 was isolated from the basic oxidation conditions, analogous to the product of trans-annular attack and rearrangement observed with oxidation of cyclotriveratrylene, whereas in acid at elevated temperatures, tetraketone 3 underwent a very efficient rearrangement and decarboxylation to afford the highly symmetric …


Orally Bioavailable Dual Mmp-1/Mmp-14 Sparing, Mmp-13 Selective Alpha-Sulfone Hydroxamates, Daniel Becker, Stephen A. Kolodziej, Susan L. Hockerman, Terri L. Boehm, Jeffery N. Carroll Feb 2016

Orally Bioavailable Dual Mmp-1/Mmp-14 Sparing, Mmp-13 Selective Alpha-Sulfone Hydroxamates, Daniel Becker, Stephen A. Kolodziej, Susan L. Hockerman, Terri L. Boehm, Jeffery N. Carroll

Daniel P. Becker

A series of phenyl piperidine α-sulfone hydroxamate derivatives has been prepared utilizing a combination of solution-phase and resin-bound library technologies to afford compounds that are potent and highly selective for MMP-13, are dual-sparing of MMP-1 and MMP-14 (MT1-MMP) and exhibit oral bioavailability in rats.


Enantioselective Synthesis Of Dual Serotonergic Azanoradamantane Sc-52491, Daniel Becker, Robert K. Husa, Alan E. Moormann, Clara I. Villamil Feb 2016

Enantioselective Synthesis Of Dual Serotonergic Azanoradamantane Sc-52491, Daniel Becker, Robert K. Husa, Alan E. Moormann, Clara I. Villamil

Daniel P. Becker

A racemic synthesis of azanoradamantane (±)-3 was accomplished via Yamamoto's MAD-catalyzed Diels-Alder protocol. Subsequently, a scalable asymmetric synthesis of azanoradamantane benzamide SC-52491 was carried out employing Helmchen's asymmetric Diels-Alder methodology to construct all four contiguous asymmetric centers with the correct relative stereochemistry and in 99.3% e.e.


Large-Scale Structural Rearrangement Of A Serine Hydrolase From Francisella Tularensis Facilitates Catalysis, Ekaterina V. Filippova, Leigh A. Watson, Misty L. Kuhn, Brett Geissler, Daniel Becker Feb 2016

Large-Scale Structural Rearrangement Of A Serine Hydrolase From Francisella Tularensis Facilitates Catalysis, Ekaterina V. Filippova, Leigh A. Watson, Misty L. Kuhn, Brett Geissler, Daniel Becker

Daniel P. Becker

Tularemia is a deadly, febrile disease caused by infection by the gram-negative bacterium, Francisella tularensis. Members of the ubiquitous serine hydrolase protein family are among current targets to treat diverse bacterial infections. Herein we present a structural and functional study of a novel bacterial carboxylesterase (FTT258) from F. tularensis, a homologue of human acyl protein thioesterase (hAPT1). The structure of FTT258 has been determined in multiple forms, and unexpectedly large conformational changes of a peripheral flexible loop occur in the presence of a mechanistic cyclobutanone ligand. The concomitant changes in this hydrophobic loop and the newly exposed hydrophobic substrate binding …


Mmp-13 Selective Isonipecotamide Alpha-Sulfone Hydroxamates, Stephen A. Kolodziej, Susan L. Hockerman, Gary A. Decrescenzo, Joseph J. Mcdonald, Grace E. Munie, Theresa R. Fletcher, Nathan Stehle, Craig Swearingen, Daniel Becker Feb 2016

Mmp-13 Selective Isonipecotamide Alpha-Sulfone Hydroxamates, Stephen A. Kolodziej, Susan L. Hockerman, Gary A. Decrescenzo, Joseph J. Mcdonald, Grace E. Munie, Theresa R. Fletcher, Nathan Stehle, Craig Swearingen, Daniel Becker

Daniel P. Becker

A series of N-aryl isonipecotamide α-sulfone hydroxamate derivatives has been prepared utilizing a combination of solution-phase and resin-bound library technologies to afford compounds that are potent and highly selective for MMP-13.


Synthesis Of N-Boc-3-Azabicyclo[3.3.0]Octan-7-One Via Reductive Pauson-Khand Cyclization And Subsequent Conversion To A Novel Diazatricyclic Ring System, Daniel Becker, Daniel L. Flynn Feb 2016

Synthesis Of N-Boc-3-Azabicyclo[3.3.0]Octan-7-One Via Reductive Pauson-Khand Cyclization And Subsequent Conversion To A Novel Diazatricyclic Ring System, Daniel Becker, Daniel L. Flynn

Daniel P. Becker

An intramolecular reductive Pauson-Khand reaction of the hexacarbonyldicobalt complex of N-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)allylpropargylamine under dry-state adsorption conditions directly afforded the saturated N-BOC-3-azabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-7-one when the reaction was performed under an inert atmosphere. This bicyclic ketone was converted in several steps to the novel octahydro-1-azeto[2′,3′:3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-C]pyrrole ring system as confirmed by single crystal X-ray analysis.


Asymmetric Α-Hydroxy Ketone Synthesis By Direct Ketone Oxidation Using A Bimetallic Palladium(Ii) Complex, Othman A. Hamed, Arab El-Qisairi, Hanan Qaseer, Emad M. Hamed, Patrick M. Henry, Daniel Becker Feb 2016

Asymmetric Α-Hydroxy Ketone Synthesis By Direct Ketone Oxidation Using A Bimetallic Palladium(Ii) Complex, Othman A. Hamed, Arab El-Qisairi, Hanan Qaseer, Emad M. Hamed, Patrick M. Henry, Daniel Becker

Daniel P. Becker

No abstract provided.


Mmp-13 Selective Alpha-Sulfone Hydroxamates: Identification Of Selective P1' Amides, Yvette M. Fobian, John N. Freskos, Thomas E. Barta, Louis J. Bedell, Daniel Becker Feb 2016

Mmp-13 Selective Alpha-Sulfone Hydroxamates: Identification Of Selective P1' Amides, Yvette M. Fobian, John N. Freskos, Thomas E. Barta, Louis J. Bedell, Daniel Becker

Daniel P. Becker

Continuing our interest in designing compounds preferentially potent and selective for MMP-13, we report on a series of hydroxamic acids with a flexible amide P1' substituents. We identify an amide which spares both MMP-1 and -14, and shows >500 fold selectivity for MMP-13 versus MMP-2 and -8.


Apparent Alkyl Transfer And Phenazine Formation Via An Aryne Intermediate, Daniel Becker, Andria M. Panagopoulos, Doug Steinman, Alexandra Goncharenko, Kyle Geary, Carlene Schleisman, Elizabeth Spaargaren, Matthias Zeller Feb 2016

Apparent Alkyl Transfer And Phenazine Formation Via An Aryne Intermediate, Daniel Becker, Andria M. Panagopoulos, Doug Steinman, Alexandra Goncharenko, Kyle Geary, Carlene Schleisman, Elizabeth Spaargaren, Matthias Zeller

Daniel P. Becker

Treatment of chlorotriaryl derivatives 3a and 3d or fluorotriaryl derivatives 3b and 3e with potassium diisopropylamide afforded alkyl-shifted phenazine derivatives 5a/5b, rather than the expected 9-membered triazaorthocyclophane 2a. The phenazine derivatives were isolated in 78–98% yield depending on the halogen and alkyl group present. In the absence of the halogen (chloro or fluoro), the apparent alkyl shift proceeds more slowly and cannot proceed via the intermediacy of the aryne intermediate. Mechanistic possibilities include intramolecular nucleophilic attack on an aryne intermediate leading to a zwitterionic intermediate and alkyl transfer via a 5-endo-tet process, or via a Smiles rearrangement.


Bridgehead-Methyl Analog Of Sc-53116 As A 5-Ht4 Agonist, Daniel Becker, Daniel L. Flynn, Clara I. Villamil Feb 2016

Bridgehead-Methyl Analog Of Sc-53116 As A 5-Ht4 Agonist, Daniel Becker, Daniel L. Flynn, Clara I. Villamil

Daniel P. Becker

Pyrrolizidine benzamide (±)-2, the bridgehead-methyl analog of SC-53116, was prepared and evaluated for 5-HT4 agonism activity in the rat tunica muscularis (TMM) mucosae assay. Compound (±)-2 has an EC50 of 449 nM in the TMM assay, as compared to 23 nM for SC-53116, and 66 nM for the racemate of SC-53116.


Synthesis And Structure-Activity Relationships Of Ss- And A-Piperidine Sulphone Hydroxamic Acid Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors With Oral Antitumor Efficacy, Daniel Becker, Clara I. Villamil, Thomas E. Barta, Louis J. Bedell Feb 2016

Synthesis And Structure-Activity Relationships Of Ss- And A-Piperidine Sulphone Hydroxamic Acid Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors With Oral Antitumor Efficacy, Daniel Becker, Clara I. Villamil, Thomas E. Barta, Louis J. Bedell

Daniel P. Becker

α-Piperidine-β-sulfone hydroxamate derivatives were explored that are potent for matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2, -9, and -13 and are sparing of MMP-1. The investigation of the β-sulfones subsequently led to the discovery of hitherto unknown α-sulfone hydroxamates that are superior to the corresponding β-sulfones in potency for target MMPs, selectivity vs MMP-1, and exposure when dosed orally. α-Piperidine-α-sulfone hydroxamate 35f (SC-276) was advanced through antitumor and antiangiogenesis assays and was selected for development. Compound 35f demonstrates excellent antitumor activity vs MX-1 breast tumor in mice when dosed orally as monotherapy or in combination with paclitaxel.


A Thermodynamic And Kinetic Characterization Of The Solvent Dependence Of The Saddle-Crown Equilibrium Of Cyclotriveratrylene (Ctv) Oxime, David C. French, Marlon R. Lutz Jr., Chichi Lu, Matthias Zeller, Daniel Becker Feb 2016

A Thermodynamic And Kinetic Characterization Of The Solvent Dependence Of The Saddle-Crown Equilibrium Of Cyclotriveratrylene (Ctv) Oxime, David C. French, Marlon R. Lutz Jr., Chichi Lu, Matthias Zeller, Daniel Becker

Daniel P. Becker

The equilibration of the saddle conformer of cyclotriveratrylene (CTV) oxime to the corresponding crown conformer was followed by (1)H NMR in five separate solvents, and kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were determined from the NMR data. The oxime saddle conformers of 3 are favored in CDCl(3) (K(eq) = [saddle]/[crown] = 1.4), whereas the CTV oxime crown conformer 3a is favored in three more polar solvents studied (DMSO-d(6), acetonitrile-d(3), acetone-d(6)). Surprisingly, the CTV oxime crown conformer is also slightly favored in the nonpolar solvent 1,4-dioxane-d(8). These behaviors are discussed in terms of hydrogen bonding, entropy, and possible host-guest considerations. An X-ray crystal …


1,3,4-Trisubstituted Pyrrolidinones As Scaffolds For Construction Of Peptidomimetic Cholecystokinin Antagonists , Daniel Flynn, Clara Villamil, Daniel Becker, Gary Gullikson Feb 2016

1,3,4-Trisubstituted Pyrrolidinones As Scaffolds For Construction Of Peptidomimetic Cholecystokinin Antagonists , Daniel Flynn, Clara Villamil, Daniel Becker, Gary Gullikson

Daniel P. Becker

A new series of cholecystokinin (CCK) antagonists are described which utilizes a new 1,3,4-trisubstituted pyrrolidinone as a scaffold for appending specific amino acid R group mimics (Figure 1). Compound 1A and 1E (SC-50998) exhibit potent nanomolar IC50 values in a CCK-A receptor binding assay. Compound 1E behaves as a competitive antagonist in vitro and is orally active.


Sc-53116: The First Selective Agonist At The Newly Identified Serotonin 5-Ht4 Receptor Subtype, Daniel Flynn, Daniel Zabrowski, Daniel Becker, Roger Nosal Feb 2016

Sc-53116: The First Selective Agonist At The Newly Identified Serotonin 5-Ht4 Receptor Subtype, Daniel Flynn, Daniel Zabrowski, Daniel Becker, Roger Nosal

Daniel P. Becker

No abstract provided.


Isolation Of A Highly Functionalized Troeger’S Base Derivative Via A Novel Reaction, Daniel Becker, Patricia M. Finnegan, Paul W. Collins Feb 2016

Isolation Of A Highly Functionalized Troeger’S Base Derivative Via A Novel Reaction, Daniel Becker, Patricia M. Finnegan, Paul W. Collins

Daniel P. Becker

Heating a solution of methyl 5-chloro-4-[(ethoxyoxoacetyl) amino]-2-methoxybenz-oate, 3 in DMSO gave rise to the formation of the highly substitute


Serotonin 5-Ht4 Agonist Activity Of A Series Of Meso-Azanoradamantane Benzamides, Daniel Becker, Roger Nosal, Clara I. Villamil, Gary Gullikson Feb 2016

Serotonin 5-Ht4 Agonist Activity Of A Series Of Meso-Azanoradamantane Benzamides, Daniel Becker, Roger Nosal, Clara I. Villamil, Gary Gullikson

Daniel P. Becker

A series of meso-amino(methyl)azanoradamantane benzamides has been prepared and evaluated for 5-HT4agonism activity in the rat tunica muscularis mucosae (TMM) assay. Compound 8i is the most potent 5-HT4agonist in the series, with an EC50 of 217 nM.


Preparation Of Trifluoromethyl Lactol Derivatives Via Base Initiated Cyclobutanol Ring Opening To A Laterally Lithiated Trifluoromethyl Ketone, Daniel Becker, Daniel L. Flynn Feb 2016

Preparation Of Trifluoromethyl Lactol Derivatives Via Base Initiated Cyclobutanol Ring Opening To A Laterally Lithiated Trifluoromethyl Ketone, Daniel Becker, Daniel L. Flynn

Daniel P. Becker

Benzocyclobutenone derivatives 4 are converted to the corresponding trifluoromethylcyclobutanols 5 by treatment with trifluoromethyltrimethylsilane in the presence of tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride. These trifluoromethylcyclobutanol derivatives are then treated with LiTMP in the presence of aromatic aldehydes to afford trifluoromethyllactols 6 via a laterally-lithiated trifluoromethylketone intermediate.


Azaadamantane Benzamide 5-Ht4 Agonists: Gastrointestinal Prokinetic Sc-54750, Daniel Becker, Daniel L. Flynn, Robert L. Shone, Gary Gullikson Feb 2016

Azaadamantane Benzamide 5-Ht4 Agonists: Gastrointestinal Prokinetic Sc-54750, Daniel Becker, Daniel L. Flynn, Robert L. Shone, Gary Gullikson

Daniel P. Becker

Azaadamantanone 1 was converted to a series of aminoazaadamantane benzamides 9a–d, which were profiled for serotonin receptor activity. Aminomethylazaadamantane SC-54750 is a potent 5-HT4 agonist and 5-HT3 antagonist with in vivo efficacy in gastroparesis models and also inhibits cisplatin-induced emesis.


One-Pot Preparation Of 1,3-Dihydro-1- (Trifluoromethyl)Isobenzofuran-1-Ol Derivatives From 1,2-Dibromobenzene, Daniel Becker, Hui Li, Daniel L. Flynn Feb 2016

One-Pot Preparation Of 1,3-Dihydro-1- (Trifluoromethyl)Isobenzofuran-1-Ol Derivatives From 1,2-Dibromobenzene, Daniel Becker, Hui Li, Daniel L. Flynn

Daniel P. Becker

A one-pot method for the preparation of 1,3-dihydro-1-(trifluoromethyl)isobenzofuran-1-ol derivatives 5from 1,2-dibromobenzene is described


Pyrrolizidine Esters And Amides As 5-Ht4 Receptor Agonists And Antagonists, Daniel Becker, Daniel L. Flynn, Alan E. Moormann, Roger Nosal Feb 2016

Pyrrolizidine Esters And Amides As 5-Ht4 Receptor Agonists And Antagonists, Daniel Becker, Daniel L. Flynn, Alan E. Moormann, Roger Nosal

Daniel P. Becker

A series of pyrrolizidine esters, amides, and ureas was prepared and tested for 5-HT(4) and 5-HT(3) receptor binding, 5-HT(4) receptor agonism in the rat tunica muscularis mucosae (TMM) assay, and for 5-HT(3) receptor-mediated functional antagonism in the Bezold-Jarisch reflex assay. Several pyrrolizidine derivatives were identified with high affinity for the 5-HT(4) receptor, including benzamide 12a (SC-53116), a potent and selective 5-HT(4) partial agonist that exhibits efficacy in promoting antral contractions and activity in promoting gastric emptying in canine models. Also discovered were 5-HT(4) receptor antagonists, including imidazopyridine amide 12h (SC-53606), which is a potent and selective 5-HT(4) receptor antagonist with …