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Articles 1 - 17 of 17
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Glacial Shortcut Of Arctic Sea-Ice Transport, Michael Stärz, Xun Gong, Rüdiger Stein, Dennis A. Darby, Frank Kauker, Gerrit Lohmann
Glacial Shortcut Of Arctic Sea-Ice Transport, Michael Stärz, Xun Gong, Rüdiger Stein, Dennis A. Darby, Frank Kauker, Gerrit Lohmann
OES Faculty Publications
Due to the lack of data, the extent, thickness and drift patterns of sea ice and icebergs in the glacial Arctic remains poorly constrained. Earlier studies are contradictory proposing either a cessation of the marine cryosphere or an ice drift system operating like present-day. Here we examine the marine Arctic cryosphere during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) using a high-resolution, regional ocean-sea ice model. Whereas modern sea ice in the western Arctic Basin can circulate in the Beaufort Gyre for decades, our model studies present an extreme shortcut of glacial ice drift. In more detail, our results show a clockwise …
The Ross Sea: In A Sea Of Change, Walker O. Smith, Peter N. Sedwick, Kevin R. Arrigo, David G. Ainley, Alejandro H. Orsi
The Ross Sea: In A Sea Of Change, Walker O. Smith, Peter N. Sedwick, Kevin R. Arrigo, David G. Ainley, Alejandro H. Orsi
OES Faculty Publications
The Ross Sea, the most productive region in the Antarctic, reaches farther south than any body of water in the world. While its food web is relatively intact, its oceanography, biogeochemistry, and sea ice coverage have been changing dramatically, and likely will continue to do so in the future. Sea ice cover and persistence have been increasing, in contrast to the Amundsen-Bellingshausen sector, which has resulted in reduced open water duration for its biota. Models predict that as the ozone hole recovers, ice cover will begin to diminish. Currents on the continental shelf will likely change in the coming century, …
Evaluation Of Electrophoretic Protein Extraction And Database-Driven Protein Identification From Marine Sediments, Eli K. Moore, Brook L. Nunn, Jessica F. Faux, David R. Goodlett, H. Rodger Harvey
Evaluation Of Electrophoretic Protein Extraction And Database-Driven Protein Identification From Marine Sediments, Eli K. Moore, Brook L. Nunn, Jessica F. Faux, David R. Goodlett, H. Rodger Harvey
OES Faculty Publications
Intact proteins comprise a major component of organic carbon and nitrogen produced globally and are likely an important fraction of organic matter in sediments and soils. Extracting the protein component from sediments and soils for mass spectral characterization and identification represents a substantial challenge given the range of products and functionalities present in the complex matrix. Multiple forms of gel electrophoresis were evaluated as a means of enhancing recovery of sedimentary protein before proteomic characterization and compared with a direct enzymatic digestion of proteins in sediments. Resulting tryptic peptides were analyzed using shotgun proteomics and tandem mass spectra were evaluated …
Rapid And Noncontaminating Sampling System For Trace Elements In Global Ocean Surveys, Gregory A. Cutter, Kenneth W. Bruland
Rapid And Noncontaminating Sampling System For Trace Elements In Global Ocean Surveys, Gregory A. Cutter, Kenneth W. Bruland
OES Faculty Publications
A system for the rapid and noncontaminating sampling of trace elements with volumes of up to 36 L per depth and including the dissolved and particulate phases has been developed for ocean sections that are a crucial part of programs such as International GEOTRACES. The system uses commercially available components, including an aluminum Seabird Carousel with all titanium pressure housings for electronics and sensors to eliminate zinc sacrificial anodes and holding twenty-four 12 L GO-FLO bottles, and a 7500 m, 14 mm Vectran conducting cable (passing over an A-frame with nonmetallic sheave) spooled onto a traction winch. The GO-FLO bottles …
Identifying And Tracking Proteins Through The Marine Water Column: Insights Into The Inputs And Preservation Mechanisms Of Protein In Sediments, Eli K. Moore, Brook L. Nunn, David R. Goodlett, H. Rodger Harvey
Identifying And Tracking Proteins Through The Marine Water Column: Insights Into The Inputs And Preservation Mechanisms Of Protein In Sediments, Eli K. Moore, Brook L. Nunn, David R. Goodlett, H. Rodger Harvey
OES Faculty Publications
Proteins generated during primary production represent an important fraction of marine organic nitrogen and carbon, and have the potential to provide organism-specific information in the environment. The Bering Sea is a highly productive system dominated by seasonal blooms and was used as a model system for algal proteins to be tracked through the water column and incorporated into detrital sedimentary material. Samples of suspended and sinking particles were collected at multiple depths along with surface sediments on the continental shelf and deeper basin of the Bering Sea. Modified standard proteomic preparations were used in conjunction with high pressure liquid chromatography-tandem …
Diversity, Distribution, And Expression Of Diazotroph Nifh Genes In Oxygen-Deficient Waters Of The Arabian Sea, Amal Jayakumar, Mamoon M. D. Al-Rshadat, Bess B. Ward, Margaret R. Mulholland
Diversity, Distribution, And Expression Of Diazotroph Nifh Genes In Oxygen-Deficient Waters Of The Arabian Sea, Amal Jayakumar, Mamoon M. D. Al-Rshadat, Bess B. Ward, Margaret R. Mulholland
OES Faculty Publications
The Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone (OMZ), the largest suboxic region in the world's oceans, is responsible for up to half of the global mesopelagic fixed nitrogen ( N ) loss from the ocean via denitrification and anammox. Dinitrogen (N2) fixation is usually attributed to cyanobacteria in the surface ocean. Model prediction and physiological inhibition of N2 fixation by oxygen, however, suggest that N2 fixation should be enhanced near the oxygen-deficient zone (ODZ) of the Arabian Sea. N2 fixation and cyanobacterial nifH genes (the gene encoding dinitrogenase reductase) have been reported in surface waters overlying …
Database Of Diazotrophs In Global Ocean: Abundance, Biomass, And Nitrogen Fixation Rates, Y. W. Luo, S. C. Doney, L. A. Anderson, M. Benavides, I. Berman-Frank, A. Bode, S. Bonnet, K. H. Boström, D. Böttjer, D. G. Capone, M. R. Mulholland
Database Of Diazotrophs In Global Ocean: Abundance, Biomass, And Nitrogen Fixation Rates, Y. W. Luo, S. C. Doney, L. A. Anderson, M. Benavides, I. Berman-Frank, A. Bode, S. Bonnet, K. H. Boström, D. Böttjer, D. G. Capone, M. R. Mulholland
OES Faculty Publications
Marine N2 fixing microorganisms, termed di-azotrophs, are a key functional group in marine pelagic ecosystems. The biological fixation of dinitrogen (N2) to bioavailable nitrogen provides an important new source of nitrogen for pelagic marine ecosystems and influences primary productivity and organic matter export to the deep ocean. As one of a series of efforts to collect biomass and rates specific to different phytoplankton functional groups, we have constructed a database on diazotrophic organisms in the global pelagic upper ocean by compiling about 12 000 direct field measurements of cyanobacterial diazotroph abundances (based on microscopic cell counts or …
Introduction To Special Section On Recent Advances In The Study Of Optical Variability In The Near-Surface And Upper Ocean, T. Dickey, M. L. Banner, P. Bhandari, T. Boyd, L. Carvalho, O. Wurl
Introduction To Special Section On Recent Advances In The Study Of Optical Variability In The Near-Surface And Upper Ocean, T. Dickey, M. L. Banner, P. Bhandari, T. Boyd, L. Carvalho, O. Wurl
OES Faculty Publications
Optical variability occurs in the near-surface and upper ocean on very short time and space scales (e.g., milliseconds and millimeters and less) as well as greater scales. This variability is caused by solar, meteorological, and other physical forcing as well as biological and chemical processes that affect optical properties and their distributions, which in turn control the propagation of light across the air-sea interface and within the upper ocean. Recent developments in several technologies and modeling capabilities have enabled the investigation of a variety of fundamental and applied problems related to upper ocean physics, chemistry, and light propagation and utilization …
Δ13c Is A Signature Of Light Availability And Photosynthesis In Seagrass, Xingping Hu, David J. Burdige, Richard C. Zimmerman
Δ13c Is A Signature Of Light Availability And Photosynthesis In Seagrass, Xingping Hu, David J. Burdige, Richard C. Zimmerman
OES Faculty Publications
We explored the role of light-saturated (carbon-limited) photosynthesis on δ¹³C of turtlegrass (Thalassia testudinum Banks ex Konig) populations from the clear, blue waters of the Great Bahama Bank and the turbid, green waters of Florida Bay using field observations and radiative transfer models. Consistent with numerous previous observations, leaf δ¹³C decreased significantly with water depth in both regions. However the δ¹³C for Bahamas turtlegrass was 3 parts per thousand heavier than that for Florida Bay turtlegrass at equivalent depths, and broadband irradiance explained even less of the δ¹³C variations than depth. Instead, leaf δ¹³C showed a stronger relationship to …
Controls On Dissolved Cobalt In Surface Waters Of The Sargasso Sea: Comparisons With Iron And Aluminum, R. U. Shelley, Peter N. Sedwick, T. S. Bibby, P. Cabedo-Sanz, T. M. Church, R. J. Johnson, A. I. Macey, C. M. Marsay, E. R. Sholkovitz, S. J. Ussher, P. J. Worsfold, M. C. Lohan
Controls On Dissolved Cobalt In Surface Waters Of The Sargasso Sea: Comparisons With Iron And Aluminum, R. U. Shelley, Peter N. Sedwick, T. S. Bibby, P. Cabedo-Sanz, T. M. Church, R. J. Johnson, A. I. Macey, C. M. Marsay, E. R. Sholkovitz, S. J. Ussher, P. J. Worsfold, M. C. Lohan
OES Faculty Publications
Dissolved cobalt (dCo), iron (dFe) and aluminum (dAl) were determined in water column samples along a meridional transect (∼31°N to 24°N) south of Bermuda in June 2008. A general north-to-south increase in surface concentrations of dFe (0.3-1.6 nM) and dAl (14-42 nM) was observed, suggesting that aerosol deposition is a significant source of dFe and dAl, whereas no clear trend was observed. for near-surface dCo concentrations. Shipboard aerosol samples indicate fractional solubility values of 8-100% for aerosol Co, which are significantly higher than corresponding estimates of the solubility of aerosol Fe (0.44-45%). Hydrographic observations and analysis of time series rain …
The Role Of Larval Dispersal In Metapopulation Gene Flow: Local Population Dynamics Matter, Daphne M. Munroe, John M. Klinck, Eileen E. Hofmann, Eric N. Powell
The Role Of Larval Dispersal In Metapopulation Gene Flow: Local Population Dynamics Matter, Daphne M. Munroe, John M. Klinck, Eileen E. Hofmann, Eric N. Powell
OES Faculty Publications
The degree of genetic connectivity among populations in a metapopulation has direct consequences for species evolution, development of disease resistance, and capacity of a metapopulation to adapt to climate change. This study used a metapopulation model that integrates population dynamics, dispersal, and genetics within an individual-based model framework to examine the mechanisms and dynamics of genetic connectivity within a metapopulation. The model was parameterized to simulate four populations of oysters (Crassostrea virginica) from Delaware Bay on the mid-Atlantic coast of the United States. Differences among the four populations include a strong spatial gradient in mortality, a spatial gradient …
An Introduction To Ecology Of Infectious Diseases - Oysters And Estuaries, Eileen E. Hofmann, Susan E. Ford
An Introduction To Ecology Of Infectious Diseases - Oysters And Estuaries, Eileen E. Hofmann, Susan E. Ford
OES Faculty Publications
Infectious diseases are recognized as an important factor regulating marine ecosystems (Harvell et al., 1999, 2002, 2004; Porter et al., 2001; McCallum et al., 2004; Ward and Lafferty, 2004; Stewart et al., 2008; Bienfang et al., 2011). Many of the organisms affected by marine diseases have important ecological roles in estuarine and coastal environments and some are also commercially important. Outbreaks of infectious diseases in these environments, referred to as epizootics, can produce significant population declines and extinctions, both of which threaten biodiversity, food web interactions, and ecosystem productivity (Harvell et al., 2002, 2004).
Impact Of Abrupt Deglacial Climate Change On Tropical Atlantic Subsurface Temperatures, Matthew W. Schmidt, Ping Chang, Jennifer E. Hertzberg, Theodore R. Them Ii, Link Li, Bette L. Otto-Bliesner
Impact Of Abrupt Deglacial Climate Change On Tropical Atlantic Subsurface Temperatures, Matthew W. Schmidt, Ping Chang, Jennifer E. Hertzberg, Theodore R. Them Ii, Link Li, Bette L. Otto-Bliesner
OES Faculty Publications
Both instrumental data analyses and coupled ocean-atmosphere models indicate that Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) variability is tightly linked to abrupt tropical North Atlantic (TNA) climate change through both atmospheric and oceanic processes. Although a slowdown of AMOC results in an atmospheric-induced surface cooling in the entire TNA, the subsurface experiences an even larger warming because of rapid reorganizations of ocean circulation patterns at intermediate water depths. Here, we reconstruct high-resolution temperature records using oxygen isotope values and Mg/Ca ratios in both surface- and sub-thermocline-dwelling planktonic foraminifera from a sediment core located in the TNA over the last 22 ky. …
Solar Forcing Of Florida Straits Surface Salinity During The Early Holocene, Matthew W. Schmidt, William A. Weinlein, Franco Marcantonio, Jean Lynch-Stieglitz
Solar Forcing Of Florida Straits Surface Salinity During The Early Holocene, Matthew W. Schmidt, William A. Weinlein, Franco Marcantonio, Jean Lynch-Stieglitz
OES Faculty Publications
Previous studies showed that sea surface salinity (SSS) in the Florida Straits as well as Florida Current transport covaried with changes in North Atlantic climate over the past two millennia. However, little is known about earlier Holocene hydrographic variability in the Florida Straits. Here, we combine Mg/Ca-paleothermometry and stable oxygen isotope measurements on the planktonic foraminifera Globigerinoides ruber (white variety) from Florida Straits sediment core KNR166-2 JPC 51 (24° 24.70' N, 83° 13.14' W, 198 m deep) to reconstruct a high-resolution (~25 yr/sample) early to mid Holocene record of sea surface temperature and δ18OSW)(a …
High Resolution Determination Of Nanomolar Concentrations Of Dissolved Reactive Phosphate In Ocean Surface Waters Using Long Path Liquid Waveguide Capillary Cells (Lwcc) And Spectrometric Detection, Louise A. Zimmer, Gregory A. Cutter
High Resolution Determination Of Nanomolar Concentrations Of Dissolved Reactive Phosphate In Ocean Surface Waters Using Long Path Liquid Waveguide Capillary Cells (Lwcc) And Spectrometric Detection, Louise A. Zimmer, Gregory A. Cutter
OES Faculty Publications
In the last decade, long path length, low volume, liquid waveguide capillary cells (LWCC) in conjunction with conventional nutrient auto-analyzers have been applied to determinations of nanomolar levels of phosphate, nitrate, and nitrite in oligotrophic waters. This article reports a high resolution, real-time, continuous method for nanomolar dissolved reactive phosphate measurements in ocean surface waters with data logging every 30 seconds for up to 16 consecutive hours. Surface seawater is pumped continuously from a shipboard underway tow-fish unit to a helium gas-segmented, continuous-flow, nutrient auto-analyzer modified with a 250 cm LWCC. To circumvent baseline instability due to reagents, a parallel …
Deglacial Variability Of Antarctic Intermediate Water Penetration Into The North Atlantic From Authigenic Neodymium Isotope Ratios, Ruifang C. Xie, Franco Marcantonio, Matthew W. Schmidt
Deglacial Variability Of Antarctic Intermediate Water Penetration Into The North Atlantic From Authigenic Neodymium Isotope Ratios, Ruifang C. Xie, Franco Marcantonio, Matthew W. Schmidt
OES Faculty Publications
Understanding intermediate water circulation across the last deglacial is critical in assessing the role of oceanic heat transport associated with Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation variability across abrupt climate events. However, the links between intermediate water circulation and abrupt climate events such as the Younger Dryas (YD) and Heinrich Event 1 (H1) are still poorly constrained. Here, we reconstruct changes in Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) circulation in the subtropical North Atlantic over the past 25 kyr by measuring authigenic neodymium isotope ratios in sediments from two sites in the Florida Straits. Our authigenic Nd isotope records suggest that there was little …
Novel Lineages Of Prochlorococcus And Synechococcus In The Global Oceans, Sijun Huang, Steven W. Wilhelm, H. Rodger Harvey, Karen Taylor, Nianzhi Jiao, Feng Chen
Novel Lineages Of Prochlorococcus And Synechococcus In The Global Oceans, Sijun Huang, Steven W. Wilhelm, H. Rodger Harvey, Karen Taylor, Nianzhi Jiao, Feng Chen
OES Faculty Publications
Picocyanobacteria represented by Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus have an important role in oceanic carbon fixation and nutrient cycling. In this study, we compared the community composition of picocyanobacteria from diverse marine ecosystems ranging from estuary to open oceans, tropical to polar oceans and surface to deep water, based on the sequences of 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS). A total of 1339 ITS sequences recovered from 20 samples unveiled diverse and several previously unknown clades of Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus. Six high-light (HL)-adapted Prochlorococcus clades were identified, among which clade HLVI had not been described previously. Prochlorococcus clades HLIII, HLIV and …