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Articles 1 - 15 of 15
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Meeting The Scientific Needs Of Ecological Risk Assessment In A Regulatory Context, Steven P. Bradbury, Tom C. Feitel, Cornelis J. Van Leeuwen
Meeting The Scientific Needs Of Ecological Risk Assessment In A Regulatory Context, Steven P. Bradbury, Tom C. Feitel, Cornelis J. Van Leeuwen
Steven P. Bradbury
During the past decade, the field of ecological risk assessment has progressed considerably. Advances have come from such international bodies as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the World Health Organisation (WHO), the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organisation (EPPO), and the European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETOC) (1–8). Risk assessments have played a critical role in the development of various regulations within the European Commission (EC) as well as in other parts of the world, including the United States, Canada, and Japan (9–17). But scientists and regulators are faced with three significant challenges: streamlining …
Trapezoidal Phase-Shifting Method For 3d Shape Measurement, Peisen S. Huang, Song Zhang, Fu-Pen Chiang
Trapezoidal Phase-Shifting Method For 3d Shape Measurement, Peisen S. Huang, Song Zhang, Fu-Pen Chiang
Song Zhang
We propose a novel structured light method, namely trapezoidal phase-shifting method, for 3-D shape measurement. This method uses three patterns coded with phase-shifted, trapezoidal-shaped gray levels. The 3-D information of the object is extracted by direct calculation of an intensity ratio. Theoretical analysis showed that this new method was significantly less sensitive to the defocusing effect of the captured images when compared to the traditional intensity-ratio based methods. This important advantage makes large-depth 3-D shape measurement possible. If compared to the sinusoidal phase-shifting method, the resolution is similar, but the processing speed is at least 4.5 times faster. The feasibility …
Microscale Simulation Of Martensitic Microstructure Evolution, Valery I. Levitas, Alexander V. Idesman, Dean L. Preston
Microscale Simulation Of Martensitic Microstructure Evolution, Valery I. Levitas, Alexander V. Idesman, Dean L. Preston
Valery I. Levitas
A new model for the evolution of multivariant martensitic microstructure in single crystals and polycrystals is developed. In contrast with Landau-Ginzburg models, which are limited in practice to nanoscale specimens, this new scale-free model is valid for length scales greater than 100 nm and without an upper bound. It is based on a thermodynamic potential in the volume fractions of the martensitic variants that exhibits an instability resulting in microstructure formation. Simulated microstructures in elastic single crystals and polycrystals under uniaxial loading are in qualitative agreement with those observed experimentally.
Release And Transport Of Nutrients From Livestock Manure Applied To Pastureland, Michelle L. Soupir, Saied Mostaghimi, Eugene R. Yagow, David H. Vaughan
Release And Transport Of Nutrients From Livestock Manure Applied To Pastureland, Michelle L. Soupir, Saied Mostaghimi, Eugene R. Yagow, David H. Vaughan
Michelle L. Soupir
Land applications of manure from confined animal systems and direct deposit by grazing animals are both major sources of nutrients in streams. An understanding of the overland transport mechanisms from land applied waste is needed to improve design of best management practices and modeling of NPS pollution. Release and transport plots were established to study in-field nutrient release and transport from pasturelands receiving phosphorus based livestock waste applications. The release plots determined the concentrations available to be transported to the edge of the field in runoff. Four manure treatments (turkey litter, liquid dairy manure, standard cowpies, and none) and three …
Reliable First-Principles Alloy Thermodynamics Via Truncated Cluster Expansions, Nikolai A. Zarkevich, Duane D. Johnson
Reliable First-Principles Alloy Thermodynamics Via Truncated Cluster Expansions, Nikolai A. Zarkevich, Duane D. Johnson
Nikolai A. Zarkevich
In alloys cluster expansions (CE) are increasingly used to combine first-principles electronicstructure calculations and Monte Carlo methods to predict thermodynamic properties. As a basis-set expansion in terms of lattice geometrical clusters and effective cluster interactions, the CE is exact if infinite, but is tractable only if truncated. Yet until now a truncation procedure was not well defined and did not guarantee a reliable truncated CE. We present an optimal truncation procedure for CE basis sets that provides reliable thermodynamics. We then exemplify its importance in Ni3V, where the CE has failed unpredictably, and now show agreement to a range of …
Driven Diffusive Systems: How Steady States Depend On Dynamics, D. P. Landau, Wooseop Kwak, Beate Schmittmann
Driven Diffusive Systems: How Steady States Depend On Dynamics, D. P. Landau, Wooseop Kwak, Beate Schmittmann
Beate Schmittmann
In contrast to equilibrium systems, nonequilibrium steady states depend explicitly on the underlying dynamics. Using Monte Carlo simulations with Metropolis, Glauber, and heat bath rates, we illustrate this expectation for an Ising lattice gas, driven far from equilibrium by an “electric” field. While heat bath and Glauber rates generate essentially identical data for structure factors and two-point correlations, Metropolis rates give noticeably weaker correlations, as if the “effective” temperature were higher in the latter case. We also measure energy histograms and define a simple ratio which is exactly known and closely related to the Boltzmann factor for the equilibrium case. …
Consequences Of Block Number On The Order-Disorder Transition And Viscoelastic Properties Of Linear (Ab)N Multiblock Copolymers, Lifeng Wu, Eric W. Cochran, Timothy P. Lodge, Frank S. Bates
Consequences Of Block Number On The Order-Disorder Transition And Viscoelastic Properties Of Linear (Ab)N Multiblock Copolymers, Lifeng Wu, Eric W. Cochran, Timothy P. Lodge, Frank S. Bates
Eric W. Cochran
The effect of block number on the order-disorder transition (ODT) and viscoelastic properties were studied for linear (AB) n multiblock copolymers. A series of symmetric poly(styrene-b-isoprene) n multiblocks ((SI) n, n = 1-10) were synthesized by anionic polymerization, and their order-disorder transition temperatures (T ODT) were located using dynamic mechanical spectroscopy. As n increases, T ODT approaches an asymptotic value, consistent with random phase approximation calculations. A systematic difference between the experimental and theoretical results is attributable to the effects of fluctuations, independent of the number of blocks. Addition of up to 20 vol % of a nonselective solvent depresses …
A Correlation Study Of Wind Speeds At Norski Runs And Valders Hall Of Science, Paul D. B. Skrade, Dale M. Nimrod
A Correlation Study Of Wind Speeds At Norski Runs And Valders Hall Of Science, Paul D. B. Skrade, Dale M. Nimrod
Paul D. B. Skrade
1976 and 1977 wind speeds were recorded from the roof of Valders Hall of Science, Luther College, Decorah, Iowa in a correlation study of wind-sun energy. Summer 2004 wind speeds and directions were recorded with the hopes of correlating the speeds at Valders Hall of Science and at Norski Runs, Chattahoochie County Park, Decorah, Iowa, a site for a potential Luther College wind farm. Motivation behind the study was to determine if topology of Upper Iowa River Valley affected wind speeds.
Heavy Quark Production By A Quasi-Classical Color Field In Proton-Nucleus Collisions, Kirill Tuchin
Heavy Quark Production By A Quasi-Classical Color Field In Proton-Nucleus Collisions, Kirill Tuchin
Kirill Tuchin
We calculate the inclusive heavy quark production cross section for proton-nucleus collisions at high energies. We perform calculation in a quasi-classical approximation (McLerran-Venugopalan model) neglecting all low-x evolution effects. The derived expression for the differential cross section can be applied for studying the heavy quark production in the central rapidity region at RHIC.
Coherent Vibrational Oscillation In Gold Prismatic Monolayer Periodic Nanoparticle Arrays, Wenyu Huang, Wei Qian, Mostafa A. El-Sayed
Coherent Vibrational Oscillation In Gold Prismatic Monolayer Periodic Nanoparticle Arrays, Wenyu Huang, Wei Qian, Mostafa A. El-Sayed
Wenyu Huang
We studied the ultrafast laser-induced coherent phonon oscillation in prismatic shaped gold nanoparticles assembled in monolayer periodic arrays by using the nanosphere lithographic technique. The amplitude and phase of the oscillation observed by ultrafast pump−probe transient spectroscopy is monitored as the wavelength of the dipolar surface plasmon absorption decreases. At a certain wavelength, the oscillation could not be observed. As the monitoring wavelength decreases further, the sign of the amplitude changes. From the wavelength at which the oscillation is not detected, the dependence of the absorption maxima on the size of the nanoparticles, the changes in the nanoparticle size are …
Nuclear Modification Factor In D + Au Collisions: Onset Of Suppression In The Color Glass Condensate, Dmitri Kharzeev, Yuri V. Kovchegov, Kirill Tuchin
Nuclear Modification Factor In D + Au Collisions: Onset Of Suppression In The Color Glass Condensate, Dmitri Kharzeev, Yuri V. Kovchegov, Kirill Tuchin
Kirill Tuchin
We perform a quantitative analysis of the nuclear modification factor in deuteron-gold collisions R dAu within the Color Glass Condensate approach, and compare our results with the recent data from RHIC experiments. Our model leads to Cronin enhancement at mid-rapidity, while at forward rapidities it predicts strong suppression of R dAu at all PT due to low-x evolution. We demonstrate that our results are consistent with the data for dAu charged hadron spectra, R dAu and R CP recently reported for rapidities in the interval η=0-3.2 by the BRAHMS experiment at RHIC. We also make a prediction for R pA …
Photochemical Generation Of Nitrenium Ions From Protonated 1,1-Diarylhydrazines, Arthur Winter, Selina I. Thomas, Andrew C. Kung, Daniel E. Falvey
Photochemical Generation Of Nitrenium Ions From Protonated 1,1-Diarylhydrazines, Arthur Winter, Selina I. Thomas, Andrew C. Kung, Daniel E. Falvey
Arthur Winter
Laser flash photolysis experiments, chemical trapping studies, and time-dependent density functional theory calculations demonstrate that photolysis of protonated 1,1-diarylhydrazines generates N,N-diarylnitrenium ions.
Effect Of Meta Electron-Donating Groups On The Electronic Structure Of Substituted Phenyl Nitrenium Ions, Arthur Winter
Effect Of Meta Electron-Donating Groups On The Electronic Structure Of Substituted Phenyl Nitrenium Ions, Arthur Winter
Arthur Winter
Density functional theory (UB3LYP/6-31G(d,p)) was used to determine substituent effects on the singlet−triplet-state energy gap for 21 meta-substituted phenylnitrenium ions. It was found that strongly electron-donating substituents stabilize the triplet state relative to the singlet state. With sufficiently strong meta electron donors (e.g., m,m‘-diaminophenylnitrenium ion) the triplet is predicted to be the ground state. Analysis of equilibrium geometries, Kohn−Sham orbital distributions, and Mulliken spin densities for the triplet states of this series of nitrenium ions leads to the conclusion that there are two spatially distinct types of low-energy triplet states. Simple arylnitrenium ions such as phenylnitrenium ions as well as …
Particle Correlations At High Partonic Density, Kirill Tuchin
Particle Correlations At High Partonic Density, Kirill Tuchin
Kirill Tuchin
We discuss manifestations of the particle correlations at high partonic density in the heavy-ion collisions at RHIC. In particular, we argue that the elliptic flow variable v% is dominated by particle correlations at high PT
Qcd In Curved Space-Time: A Conformal Bag Model, Dmitri Kharzeev, Eugene Levin, Kirill Tuchin
Qcd In Curved Space-Time: A Conformal Bag Model, Dmitri Kharzeev, Eugene Levin, Kirill Tuchin
Kirill Tuchin
We construct an effective low energy Lagrangian using constraints imposed by the renormalization group. Degrees of freedom are gluons and a scalar glueball. This effective theory has a dual description as classical gluodynamics on a curved conformal background. Color fields are dynamically confined, and the strong coupling freezes at distances larger than the glueball size. We make specific predictions (in particular, on the Nc dependence of glueball properties) which can be tested in lattice simulations of gluodynamics.