Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Incremental And Decremental Svm For Regression, Honorius Gâlmeanu, Lucian Mircea Sasu, Rǎzvan Andonie

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences

Training a support vector machine (SVM) for regression (function approximation) in an incremental/decremental way consists essentially in migrating the input vectors in and out of the support vector set with specific modification of the associated thresholds. We introduce with full details such a method, which allows for defining the exact increments or decrements associated with the thresholds before vector migrations take place. Two delicate issues are especially addressed: the variation of the regularization parameter (for tuning the model performance) and the extreme situations where the support vector set becomes empty. We experimentally compare our method with several regression methods: the …

Size And Site Dependence Of The Catalytic Activity Of Iridium Clusters Towards Ethane Dehydrogenation, Yingbin Ge, Hao Jiang, Russell Kato, Prasuna Gummagatta

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences

This research focuses on optimizing transition metal nanocatalyst immobilization and activity to enhance ethane dehydrogenation. Ethane dehydrogenation, catalyzed by thermally stable Ir_n (n = 8, 12, 18) atomic clusters that exhibit a cuboid structure, was studied using the B3LYP method with triple-ζ basis sets. Relativistic effects and dispersion corrections were included in the calculations. In the dehydrogenation reaction Ir_n + C₂H₆ → H−Ir_n−C₂H₅ → (H)₂−Ir_n−C₂H₄, the first H-elimination is the rate-limiting step, primarily because the reaction releases sufficient heat to facilitate …

Plate Boundary Observatory And Related Networks: Gps Data Analysis Methods And Geodetic Products, Thomas A. Herring, Timothy I. Melbourne, Mark H. Murray, Michael A. Floyd, Walter M. Szeliga, Robert W. King, David A. Phillips, Christine M. Puskas, Marcelo Santillan, Lei Wang

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences

The Geodesy Advancing Geosciences and EarthScope (GAGE) Facility Global Positioning System (GPS) Data Analysis Centers produce position time series, velocities, and other parameters for approximately 2000 continuously operating GPS receivers spanning a quadrant of Earth’s surface encompassing the high Arctic, North America, and Caribbean. The purpose of this review is to document the methodology for generating station positions and their evolution over time and to describe the requisite trade-offs involved with combination of results. GAGE GPS analysis involves formal merging within a Kalman filter of two independent, loosely constrained solutions: one is based on precise point positioning produced with the …

A Direct, Early Stage Guanidinylation Protocol For The Synthesis Of Complex Aminoguanidine-Containing Natural Products, Christopher E. Malmberg, Stephen Chamberland

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences

The guanidine functional group, displayed most prominently in the amino acid arginine, one of the fundamental building blocks of life, is an important structural element found in many complex natural products and pharmaceuticals. Owing to the continual discovery of new guanidinecontaining natural products and designed small molecules, rapid and efficient guanidinylation methods are of keen interest to synthetic and medicinal organic chemists. Because the nucleophilicity and basicity of guanidines can affect subsequent chemical transformations, traditional, indirect guanidinylation is typically pursued. Indirect methods commonly employ multiple protection steps involving a latent amine precursor, such as an azide, phthalimide, or carbamate. By …

Superconducting And Normal State Properties Of The Systems La1−Xmxpt4ge12 (M=Ce,Th), K. Huang, D. Yazici, Benjamin D. White, I. Jeon, A. J. Breindel, N. Pouse, M. B. Maple

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences

Electrical resistivity, magnetization, and specific heat measurements were performed on polycrystalline samples of the filled-skutterudite systems La₁−_xM_xPt₄Ge₁₂ (M = Ce and Th). Superconductivity in LaPt₄Ge₁₂ was quickly suppressed with Ce substitution and no evidence for superconductivity was found down to 1.1 K for x > 0.2. Temperature-dependent specific heat data at low temperatures for La₁−_xCe_xPt₄Ge₁₂ show a change from powerlaw to exponential behavior, which may be an indication for multiband superconductivity in LaPt₄Ge₁₂. …

Tibetan Plateau Geladaindong Black Carbon Ice Core Record (1843–1982): Recent Increases Due To Higher Emissions And Lower Snow Accumulation, Matthew Jenkins, Susan Kaspari, Kang Shi-Chang, Bjorn Grigholm, Paul A. Mayewski

Student Published Works

Black carbon (BC) deposited on snow and glacier surfaces can reduce albedo and lead to accelerated melt. An ice core recovered from Guoqu glacier on Mt. Geladaindong and analyzed using a Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2) provides the first long-term (1843–1982) record of BC from the central Tibetan Plateau. Post 1940 the record is characterized by an increased occurrence of years with above average BC, and the highest BC values of the record. The BC increase in recent decades is likely caused by a combination of increased emissions from regional BC sources, and a reduction in snow accumulation. Guoqu glacier …

Advances In Mobile Video Networking, Qi Wang, Guojun Wang, Chrisos Grecos, Ansgar Gerlicher

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences

Video applications have been increasingly dominating worldwide mobile network traffic in the last years. The growing popularity of smart phones and other mobile devices, on demand and surveillance video services, multimedia social networking, the latest advances in video coding and transmission, and the significant increase in mobile network capacity have all contributed to this global phenomenon. Both challenges and opportunities have emerged in multiple research disciplines involving video signal processing, 4G such as LTE (Long Term Evolution) and even 5G mobile networks, mobile cloud computing, Big Visual Data, mobile user experience, and so on. Research in these leading-edge areas has …

Super-Intelligence Challenges And Lossless Visual Representation Of High-Dimensional Data, Boris Kovalerchuk

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences

Fundamental challenges and goals of the cognitive algorithms are moving super-intelligent machines and super-intelligent humans from dreams to reality. This paper is devoted to a technical way to reach some specific aspects of super-intelligence that are beyond the current human cognitive abilities. Specifically the proposed technique is to overcome inabilities to analyze a large amount of abstract numeric high-dimensional data and finding complex patterns in these data with a naked eye. Discovering patterns in multidimensional data using visual means is a long-standing problem in multiple fields and Data Science and Modeling in general. The major challenge is that we cannot …

Comparison Of Formulations Of Applied Tasks With Intervals, Fuzzy Sets And Probability Approaches, Boris Kovalerchuk, Vladik Kreinovich

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences

The focus of this paper is to clarify the concepts of solutions in linear equations in interval, probabilistic and fuzzy sets setting for real word tasks. There is a fundamental difference between formal definitions of the solutions and physically meaningful concept of solution in applied tasks when equations have uncertain components. For instance, a formal definition of the solution in terms of Moore interval analysis can be completely irrelevant for solving a real world task. We show that formal definitions must follow meaningful concept of the solution in the real world. The paper proposed several formalized definitions of the concept …

2015 Gsa International Distinguished Lecturer Tours Key Locations In Central And South America, Lisa L. Ely

Geological Sciences Faculty Scholarship

As the International Lecturer from North America, I visited 11 destinations in Ecuador, Peru, Chile, Costa Rica, Mexico, and Puerto Rico. The tour was designed to include locations where the topic of my presentation, “Following in the Footsteps of Darwin:
Combining Geological and Historical Evidence to Assess Earthquakes and Tsunami Hazards,” would have direct relevance.

Using Wastewater-Based Epidemiology To Estimate Drug Consumption—Statistical Analyses And Data Presentation, Caleb J. Banta-Green, Alex J. Brewer, Christoph Ort, Dennis R. Helsel, Jason R. Williams, Jennifer A. Field

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences

Aim

Analysis of wastewater samples can be used to assess population drug use, but reporting and statistical issues have limited the utility of the approach for epidemiology due to analytical results that are below the limit of quantification or detection. Unobserved or non-quantifiable—censored—data are common and likely to persist as the methodology is applied to more municipalities and a broader array of substances. We demonstrate the use of censored data techniques and account for measurement errors to explore distributions and annual estimates of the daily mean level of drugs excreted per capita.

Measurements

Daily 24-hour composite wastewater samples for 56 …

Channel Flow Studies Using Driftwood Density Analysis In Elger Bay, Camano Island, Wa, Rebeca Becerra, Jasmine Bates, Clairissa De La Vergne

Symposium Of University Research and Creative Expression (SOURCE)

Previous studies on Elger Bay, Camano Island, WA hypothesized that the bay has been emptying of stored driftwood since the 1970's. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a research project using a combination of field data and historical imagery analysis with Google Earth and ArcGIS to mathematically compare the density of driftwood. Changes in driftwood area may indicate changes in sea level rise, bay subsidence, and/or anthropogenic activity. We found that the maximum driftwood extent was actually closer to the 1950's than the 1970's. In addition to overall extent we investigated the overall channel flow along Elger Bay by analyzing …

The Spatial Distribution And Origins Of Sandstone Monoliths In The Swauk Watershed, Kittitas County, Wa, Rebeca Becerra, Daniel O'Dell

Symposium Of University Research and Creative Expression (SOURCE)

Large groups of gigantic sandstone and conglomerate monoliths populate the Swauk Watershed of northern Kittitas County. These monoliths rest on side slopes in the watershed and distinctively project from their surroundings. The origins of these features are unknown. We studied these monoliths in the field by mapping their spatial distribution, describing their morphology and composition, and measuring their orientation and sizes in order to determine their origins. We used Google Earth and topographic maps to locate the monoliths and map their distribution. Interpretations were based from field work data and past research. Our field results show commonalities between the features …

Applying Machine Learning To Predict Stock Value, Joseph Lemley, Yishui Liu, Dipayan Banik, Sadia Afroze

Symposium Of University Research and Creative Expression (SOURCE)

The purpose of this study was to compare machine learning techniques for short term stock prediction and evaluate their effectiveness. Stock value analysis is an important element of modern economies. The ability to predict future stock prices from historical price values is of tremendous interest to investors. The prediction of stock performance is still an unsolved problem with a variety of techniques being proposed. Real stock values are affected by many elements, some of which cannot be measured. In this study, we limit our analysis to stock closing prices. We use these prices to predict the future stock value using …

Automatic Classification Of Perceived Gender From Face Images, Joseph Lemley, Sami Abdul-Wahid, Dipayan Banik

Symposium Of University Research and Creative Expression (SOURCE)

Building software that can visually and accurately perceive gender from face images is an important step in making more intelligent machines. Several approaches to this problem have been suggested in the literature. We evaluate Histogram of Oriented Gradients, Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (DTCWT) Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with Support Vector Machines (SVM) and compare them to Convolutional Neural Networks for this task. We train and test our classifiers with two benchmarks containing thousands of facial images. As expected, convolutional neural networks had the best performance while the performance of DTCWT varied most depending on the dataset used

Cyber Security Awareness In Higher Education, Toni Hunt

Symposium Of University Research and Creative Expression (SOURCE)

With technology advancing every day our society is becoming more connected than we have ever been before. While these advances are making our daily lives easier they are also adding extra risks to our personal information. Most people do not think about their identities getting stolen when they make an online purchase, check their email, or use social media. However, each time that you put your personal information on the Internet you are at risk of that information getting stolen. This is especially true for students, who spend so much time online doing school activities. Every time that they login …

Basal Characteristics Of The Main Sticky Spot On The Ice Plain Of Whillans Ice Stream, Antarctica, Tarun Luthra, Sridhar Anandakrishnan, J. Paul Winberry, Richard B. Alley, Nicholas Holschuh

Geological Sciences Faculty Scholarship

Understanding the processes that affect streaming ice flow and the mass balance of glaciers and ice sheets requires sound knowledge of their subglacial environments. Previous studies have shown that an extensive deformable subglacial sediment layer favors fast ice-stream flow. However, areas of high basal drag, termed sticky spots, are of particular interest because they inhibit the fast flow of the overriding ice. The stick-slip behavior of Whillans Ice Stream (WIS) is perhaps the most conspicuous manifestation of a subglacial sticky spot. We present new ice-thickness and seismic-reflection measurements collected over the main sticky spot in the ice plain of WIS, …

Gps Constraints On Interplate Locking Within The Makran Subduction Zone, Elyse Frohling, Walter Szeliga

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences

The Makran subduction zone is one of the last convergent margins to be investigated using space-based geodesy. While there is a lack of historical and modern instrumentation in the region, a sparse sampling of continuous and campaign measurements over the past decade has allowed us to make the first estimates of convergence rates. We combine GPS measurements from 20 stations located in Iran, Pakistan and Oman along with hypocentral locations from the International Seismological Centre to create a preliminary 3-D estimate of the geometry of the megathrust, along with a preliminary fault-coupling model for the Makran subduction zone. Using a …

Investigation Of Superconducting And Normal-State Properties Of The Filled-Skutterudite System Prpt4ge12−Xsbx, I. Jeon, K. Huang, D. Yazici, N. Kanchanavatee, Benjamin D. White, P.-C. Ho, S. Jang, N. Pouse, M. B. Maple

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences

We report a study of the superconducting and normal-state properties of the filled-skutterudite system PrPt₄Ge_12−xSb_x . Polycrystalline samples with Sb concentrations up to x = 5 were synthesized and investigated by means of x-ray diffraction, electrical resistivity, magnetic susceptibility, and specific heat measurements. We observed a suppression of superconductivity with increasing Sb substitution up to x = 4, above which no signature of superconductivity was observed down to 140 mK. The Sommerfeld coefficient, γ , of superconducting specimens decreases with increasing x up to x = 3, suggesting that superconductivity may depend on the …

Twentieth-Century Warming Preserved In A Geladaindong Mountain Ice Core, Central Tibetan Plateau, Yulan Zhang, Shichang Kang, Bjorn Grigholm, Yongjun Zhang, Susan Kaspari, Uwe Morgenstern, Jiawen Ren, Dahe Qin, Paul A. Mayewski, Qianggong Zhang, Zhiyuan Cong, Mika Sillanpää, Margit Schwikowski, Feng Chen

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences

High-resolution δ¹⁸O records from a Geladaindong mountain ice core spanning the period 1477-1982 were used to investigate past temperature variations in the Yangtze River source region of the central Tibetan Plateau (TP). Annual ice-core δ¹⁸O records were positively correlated with temperature data from nearby meteorological stations, suggesting that the δ¹⁸O record represented the air temperature in the region. A generally increasing temperature trend over the past 500 years was identified, with amplified warming during the 20th century. A colder stage, spanning before the 1850s, was found to represent the Little Ice Age with colder …

Crustal And Upper-Mantle Structure Beneath Ice-Covered Regions In Antarctica From S-Wave Receiver Functions And Implications For Heat Flow, C. Ramirez, Andrew A. Nyblade, S. E. Hansen, Douglas A. Wiens, Sridhar Anandakrishnan, Richard C. Aster, Audrey D. Huerta, Partick Shore, Terry Wilson

Geological Sciences Faculty Scholarship

S-wave receiver functions (SRFs) are used to investigate crustal and upper-mantle structure beneath several ice-covered areas of Antarctica. Moho S-to-P (Sp) arrivals are observed at ~6–8 s in SRF stacks for stations in the Gamburtsev Mountains (GAM) and Vostok Highlands (VHIG), ~5–6 s for stations in the Transantarctic Mountains (TAM) and the Wilkes Basin (WILK), and ~3–4 s for stations in the West Antarctic Rift System (WARS) and the Marie Byrd Land Dome (MBLD). A grid search is used to model the Moho Sp conversion time with Rayleigh wave phase velocities from 18 to 30 s period to estimate crustal …

Upper Mantle Structure Of Central And West Antarctica From Array Analysis Of Rayleigh Wave Phase Velocities, David S. Heeszel, Douglas A. Wiens, Sridhar Anandakrishnan, Richard C. Aster, Ian W.D. Dalziel, Audrey D. Huerta, Andrew A. Nyblade, Terry J. Wilson, J. Paul Winberry

Geological Sciences Faculty Scholarship

The seismic velocity structure of Antarctica is important, both as a constraint on the tectonic history of the continent and for understanding solid Earth interactions with the ice sheet. We use Rayleigh wave array analysis methods applied to teleseismic data from recent temporary broadband seismograph deployments to image the upper mantle structure of central and West Antarctica. Phase velocity maps are determined using a two–plane wave tomography method and are inverted for shear velocity using a Monte Carlo approach to estimate three-dimensional velocity structure. Results illuminate the structural dichotomy between the East Antarctic Craton and West Antarctica, with West Antarctica …

Black Carbon Concentrations From A Tibetan Plateau Ice Core Spanning 1843–1982: Recent Increases Due To Emissions And Glacier Melt, Susan Kaspari, Matthew Jenkins, Shi-Chang Kang, Bjorn Grigholm

Geological Sciences Faculty Scholarship

Black carbon (BC) deposited on snow and glacier surfaces can reduce albedo and lead to accelerated melt. An ice core recovered from Guoqu glacier on Mt. Geladaindong and analyzed using a Single Particle Soot Photometer provides the first long-term 5 (1843–1982) record of BC concentrations from the Central Tibetan Plateau. The highest concentrations are observed from 1975–1982, which corresponds to a 2.0-fold and 2.4-fold increase in average and median values, respectively, relative to 1843–1940. BC concentrations post-1940 are also elevated relative to the earlier portion of the record. Causes for the higher BC concentrations include increased regional BC emissions and …

Using Data Analytics To Further Understand The Role That Boredom, Loneliness, Social Anxiety, Social Gratification, And Social Relationships (Brag) Play In A Driver’S Decision To Text, Nathan White, Yair Levy, Steven R. Terrell, Steve Bronsburg

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of Education and Professional Studies

Texting while driving is a growing problem that current efforts have failed to curtail. This behavior has serious, and sometimes fatal, consequences, and the factors that cause a driver to text are not well understood. This study investigates the influence that boredom, social relationships, social anxiety, and social gratification (BRAG) have upon the texting driver. A survey instrument was used to collect data from 297 respondents at a mid-sized regional university in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The data was evaluated with PLS-SEM, which indicated that social gratification plays a very significant role in a driver’s decision to …

Spatiotemporal Slip Rate Variations Along Surprise Valley Fault In Relation To Pleistocene Pluvial Lakes, Brian N. Marion

All Master's Theses

Using mapped paleoshoreline features with high-resolution topographic data and obtained radiocarbon dates on paleoshoreline tufas, I documented precise fault offsets of dated features over the last 25 ka along the Surprise Valley Fault (SVF). Fault offset measured in three lake sections within Surprise Valley ranged from 3.6 m in the southern section to 14.4 m in the central section. The offset paleoshorelines are dated to the late Pleistocene (<22 >ka) and were formed during the latest impoundment of pluvial Lake Surprise since the last glacial maximum. Slip rates vary along strike, assuming a fault dip of 68° with 0.25 ± …

Fluid Release During Eclogite Formation, North Qaidam Terrane, Western China, Jake M. Meyer

All Master's Theses

Ultrahigh-pressure (UHP, depths ≳100 km) eclogite samples from the Dulan area of the North Qaidam Terrane, western China, preserve evidence of fluid release along a prograde pressure-temperature (P-T) path. Eclogite sample D126A, Grt + Omp + Qtz + Zo + Amp + Phe + minor Rt + Hem, contains garnet porphyroblasts that preserve strong Ca zoning, recording higher core values (Grs₃₄), lower inner mantle values (Grs₂₅), increasing outer mantle values (Grs₂₈), and lower rim values (Grs₂₆). Isochemical phase diagrams (pseudosections), assuming H₂O saturation, produce a P-T path constrained by multiple …

Applications Of Computational Geometry And Computer Vision, Joseph Lemley

All Master's Theses

Recent advances in machine learning research promise to bring us closer to the original goals of artificial intelligence. Spurred by recent innovations in low-cost, specialized hardware and incremental refinements in machine learning algorithms, machine learning is revolutionizing entire industries. Perhaps the biggest beneficiary of this progress has been the field of computer vision. Within the domains of computational geometry and computer vision are two problems: Finding large, interesting holes in high dimensional data, and locating and automatically classifying facial features from images. State of the art methods for facial feature classification are compared and new methods for finding empty hyper-rectangles …

Hazard Identification And Coastal Stratigraphy In Crescent Harbor, Northeast Whidbey Island, Washington, Brian Ostrom

All Master's Theses

Crescent Harbor marsh, on northeastern Whidbey Island, records evidence of co-seismic land-level change 1825 to 1925 cal. yrs. BP. The lithostratigraphy and diatom microfossil assemblages reveal a marsh peat abruptly overlain by intertidal mud, indicating rapid subsidence. Analysis of the modern-day position of depositional facies indicates subsidence from a high marsh to a tidal-flat environment representing an estimated 1.7 m elevation change. The timing of subsidence fits within the dates of a rupture found on the nearby Utsalady Point fault between 1,100 and 2,200 years BP (Johnson et al. 2004). Likely, the stratigraphy at Crescent Harbor records the same event …

The Role Of Fire In Montane Forest Environments In The Willamette National Forest, Oregon, Tamara G. Cox

All Master's Theses

High-resolution charcoal and pollen analyses were used to reconstruct a 16,000-year-long fire and vegetation history of the Blair Lake watershed in the Willamette National Forest of Oregon. The record shows that during the late glacial period, overall fire frequency was relatively low. Pinus and Abies were the dominant vegetation, along with Pseudotsuga and Alnus, suggesting that an open-canopy conifer forest developed soon after the area was glacier free. Fire frequency increased during the early Holocene. Warmer and drier conditions are reflected in the herbaceous vegetation, Artemisia, Poaceae, and Cyperaceae, suggesting that meadows or other openings were part of …

Investigating Taphonomic Changes Of Deposits And Modeling Of The 2010 Earthquake And Tsunami In South-Central Chile, Alexandra Carranco Ruiz

All Master's Theses

South-central Chile has an extensive written catalog of historic earthquakes and tsunamis, but such records can be subject to inconsistencies. Dated tsunami deposits are more objective data that provide hard evidence of past tsunamis. The inland extent of deposits from past tsunamis (paleodeposits) can be used in tsunami modeling to reveal characteristics of the source earthquake, but these deposits may have undergone taphonomic processes since initial deposition. Therefore, to determine how tsunami deposits change during burial and preservation and the potential limitations of using paleodeposits in modeling, I investigated the modern 2010 M_w 8.8 Maule earthquake and tsunami as …