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2016

Cosmology

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Articles 1 - 18 of 18

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Non-Inflationary Bianchi Type Vi0 Model In Rosen’S Bimetric Gravity, M. S. Borkar, N. P. Gaikwad Dec 2016

Non-Inflationary Bianchi Type Vi0 Model In Rosen’S Bimetric Gravity, M. S. Borkar, N. P. Gaikwad

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

In this paper, we have present the solution of Bianchi type VI0 space-time by solving the Rosen’s field equations with massless scalar field φ and with constant scalar potential V(φ) for flat region. It is observed that the scalar field φ is an increasing function of time and affects the physical parameters of the model and leads to non-inflationary type solution of model, which contradicts the inflationary scenario. Other geometrical and physical properties of the model in relation to this non-inflationary model are also studied.

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Probing Dark Matter-Neutrino Connection Via Indirect Detection Experiments, Bradley Knockel Nov 2016

Probing Dark Matter-Neutrino Connection Via Indirect Detection Experiments, Bradley Knockel

Physics & Astronomy ETDs

Various evidence reveals that dark matter is a primary component of this universe. The amount of dark matter is known, but its identity is a mystery. To determine its properties, efforts to detect and produce dark matter are underway. Dark matter annihilations throughout the galaxy may produce photons, neutrinos, and cosmic rays. Neutrino and photon detectors may then indirectly detect dark matter by detecting these annihilation products. The annihilation rate, dark matter mass, and dark matter scattering rate off of matter affect the signals received at Earth. These signals can therefore probe the identity of dark matter, especially if dark …

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Fluctuations In A Cosmology With A Spacelike Singularity And Their Gauge Theory Dual Description, Robert H. Brandenberger, Elisa G. M. Ferreira, Ian A. Morrison, Yi-Fu Cai, Sumit R. Das, Yi Wang Oct 2016

Fluctuations In A Cosmology With A Spacelike Singularity And Their Gauge Theory Dual Description, Robert H. Brandenberger, Elisa G. M. Ferreira, Ian A. Morrison, Yi-Fu Cai, Sumit R. Das, Yi Wang

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We consider a time-dependent deformation of anti–de Sitter (AdS) space-time which contains a spacelike “singularity”—a spacelike region of high curvature. Making use of the AdS/CFT correspondence we can map the bulk dynamics onto the boundary. The boundary theory has a time dependent coupling constant which becomes small at times when the bulk space-time is highly curved. We investigate the propagation of small fluctuations of a test scalar field from early times before the bulk singularity to late times after the singularity. Under the assumption that the AdS/CFT correspondence extends to deformed AdS space-times, we can map the bulk evolution of …

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The Baryon Cycle At High Redshifts: Effects Of Galactic Winds On Galaxy Evolution In Overdense And Average Regions, Raphael Sadoun, Isaac Shlosman, Jun-Hwan Choi, Emilio Romano-Díaz Sep 2016

The Baryon Cycle At High Redshifts: Effects Of Galactic Winds On Galaxy Evolution In Overdense And Average Regions, Raphael Sadoun, Isaac Shlosman, Jun-Hwan Choi, Emilio Romano-Díaz

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We employ high-resolution cosmological zoom-in simulations focusing on a high-sigma peak and an average cosmological field at z ~ 6–12 in order to investigate the influence of environment and baryonic feedback on galaxy evolution in the reionization epoch. Strong feedback, e.g., galactic winds, caused by elevated star formation rates (SFRs) is expected to play an important role in this evolution. We compare different outflow prescriptions: (i) constant wind velocity (CW), (ii) variable wind scaling with galaxy properties (VW), and (iii) no outflows (NW). The overdensity leads to accelerated evolution of dark matter and baryonic structures, absent from the "normal" region, …

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H-, He-Like Recombination Spectra ‒ Ii. L-Changing Collisions For He Rydberg States, Francisco Guzmán, N. R. Badnell, R. J. R. Williams, P. A. M. Van Hoof, Marios Chatzikos, Gary J. Ferland Sep 2016

H-, He-Like Recombination Spectra ‒ Ii. L-Changing Collisions For He Rydberg States, Francisco Guzmán, N. R. Badnell, R. J. R. Williams, P. A. M. Van Hoof, Marios Chatzikos, Gary J. Ferland

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

Cosmological models can be constrained by determining primordial abundances. Accurate predictions of the He i spectrum are needed to determine the primordial helium abundance to a precision of < 1 per cent in order to constrain big bang nucleosynthesis models. Theoretical line emissivities at least this accurate are needed if this precision is to be achieved. In the first paper of this series, which focused on H ι, we showed that differences in l-changing collisional rate coefficients predicted by three different theories can translate into 10 per cent changes in predictions for H ι spectra. Here, we consider the more complicated case of He atoms, where low-l subshells are not energy degenerate. A criterion for deciding when the energy separation between l subshells is small enough to apply energy-degenerate collisional theories is given. Moreover, for certain conditions, the Bethe approximation originally proposed by …

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Constraining Cosmological Parameters Using The Correlation Function, Michael Warrener Jun 2016

Constraining Cosmological Parameters Using The Correlation Function, Michael Warrener

Honors Theses

As the European Space Agency prepares to launch the space telescope Euclid in 2020, we are interested in using its observations of galaxy clustering as a new geometry-based tool to constrain the cosmological parameters Ωm and ΩΛ. In this work, we use data simulated by Magneticum (a high-resolution cosmological structure simulation) to model the correlation functions of both galaxies and clusters at several redshifts. We fit analytic models to the simulated data centered at the baryon acoustic oscillation peak to extract both the matter density parameter Ωm and the dark energy density parameter ΩΛ: We find that the correct cosmology …

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Bianchi Type-I Hyperbolic Models With Perfect Fluid And Dark Energy In Bimetric Theory Of Gravitation, M. S. Borkar, S. S. Charjan, V. V. Lepse Jun 2016

Bianchi Type-I Hyperbolic Models With Perfect Fluid And Dark Energy In Bimetric Theory Of Gravitation, M. S. Borkar, S. S. Charjan, V. V. Lepse

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

Three different Bianchi type-I cosmological models as related to perfect fluid, with quintessence and with Chaplygin gas, in bimetric theory of gravitation have been deduced. The perfect fluid model has hyperbolic geometry and all its physical parameters are also hyperbolic in nature and therefore they have been studied from hyperbolic geometric view point. All these models are isotropize and shear-less. Other geometrical and physical behaviors of the models have also been studied. The hyperbolic geometric view point of the models will be helpful to the people who use observational data to search for such type of geometry.

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Finding The First Stars, Eli D. Mcarthur Jun 2016

Finding The First Stars, Eli D. Mcarthur

Student Works

Minor perturbations resulting from a brief period of inflation at the time of the universe's birth seeded the growth of all structure in the universe. Using Enzo, a research code optimized for running cosmological simulations, we simulate the formation of the universe. We take into account the most current cosmological parameters and plot star formation rates of the universe for halos of varying mass from the beginning of time until today. By simulating star formation of the early universe, we verify that initially minuscule dark matter pockets resulting from inflationary perturbations attract more and more matter as the universe expands. …

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Lrs Bianchi Type-Ii Cosmological Model With String Bulk Viscous Fluid And Magnetic Field In Barber’S Second Self Creation Theory, M. S. Borkar, N. K. Ashtankar Jun 2016

Lrs Bianchi Type-Ii Cosmological Model With String Bulk Viscous Fluid And Magnetic Field In Barber’S Second Self Creation Theory, M. S. Borkar, N. K. Ashtankar

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

We present a solution of LRS Bianchi type-II space-time with string viscous fluid and magnetic field by solving the Barber’s field equations of self-creation theory of gravitation and it is seen that Barber scalar function 𝜙 affects the other physical parameters of the model and contributes a very high matter density, with high particle density at early stage of the universe and also it contributes the negative role of bulk viscous fluid in the evolution. Other geometrical and physical aspects of the model are also studied.

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Fundamental Awareness: A Framework For Integrating Science, Philosophy And Metaphysics, Neil D. Theise, Menas Kafatos May 2016

Fundamental Awareness: A Framework For Integrating Science, Philosophy And Metaphysics, Neil D. Theise, Menas Kafatos

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

The ontologic framework of Fundamental Awareness proposed here assumes that non-dual Awareness is foundational to the universe, not arising from the interactions or structures of higher level phenomena. The framework allows comparison and integration of views from the three investigative domains concerned with understanding the nature of consciousness: science, philosophy, and metaphysics. In this framework, Awareness is the underlying reality, not reducible to anything else. Awareness and existence are the same. As such, the universe is non-material, self-organizing throughout, a holarchy of complementary, process driven, recursive interactions. The universe is both its own first observer and subject. Considering the world …

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Kenotic Effluent Panapotheism, Christopher E. Etter May 2016

Kenotic Effluent Panapotheism, Christopher E. Etter

Master of Arts in Religious Studies (M.A.R.S. Theses)

In these times of changing and evolving scientific discovery, philosophy and theology are at a critical juncture where they stand to lose all relevance if they are unable to keep up with the wealth of new knowledge and discoveries. Among the recent attempts in philosophy and theology to reconcile the relationship between science and these fields is Process Theology. Process Theology owes its origins to the 20th Century American philosopher Alfred North Whitehead. Whitehead and the philosophers and theologians he has influenced have developed a myriad of new theologies that all attempt to incorporate the new sciences, such as Quantum …

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Intersections Of Astrophysics, Cosmology And Particle Physics, Luiz Henrique Moraes Da Silva May 2016

Intersections Of Astrophysics, Cosmology And Particle Physics, Luiz Henrique Moraes Da Silva

Theses and Dissertations

With the success of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, a new era of discovery has just begun. The SU(3)C x SU(2)L x U(1)Y Standard Model (SM) of electroweak and strong interactions has once again endured intensive scrutiny. Most spectacularly, the recent discovery of a particle which seems to be the SM Higgs has possibly plugged the final remaining experimental hole in the SM, cementing the theory further. Adding more to the story, the IceCube Collaboration recently reported the discovery of extraterrestrial neutrinos, heralding a new era in astroparticle physics. The collaboration was able to isolate 36 events in …

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Schwarzschild Spacetime And Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker Cosmology, Zachary Cohen May 2016

Schwarzschild Spacetime And Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker Cosmology, Zachary Cohen

Honors Scholar Theses

The advent of General Relativity via Einstein's field equations revolutionized our understanding of gravity in our solar system and universe. The idea of General Relativity posits that gravity is entirely due to the geometry of the universe -- that is, the mass distribution throughout the universe results in the ``curving" of spacetime, which gives us the physics we see on a large scale. In the framework of General Relativity, we find that the universe behaves differently than was predicted in the model of gravitation developed by Newton. We will derive the general relativistic model for a simple system near a …

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H, He-Like Recombination Spectra – I. L-Changing Collisions For Hydrogen, Francisco Guzmán, N. R. Badnell, R. J. R. Williams, P. A. M. Van Hoof, Marios Chatzikos, Gary J. Ferland Apr 2016

H, He-Like Recombination Spectra – I. L-Changing Collisions For Hydrogen, Francisco Guzmán, N. R. Badnell, R. J. R. Williams, P. A. M. Van Hoof, Marios Chatzikos, Gary J. Ferland

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

Hydrogen and helium emission lines in nebulae form by radiative recombination. This is a simple process which, in principle, can be described to very high precision. Ratios of He I and H I emission lines can be used to measure the He+/H+ abundance ratio to the same precision as the recombination rate coefficients. This paper investigates the controversy over the correct theory to describe dipole l-changing collisions (nl → nl′ = l ± 1) between energy-degenerate states within an n-shell. The work of Pengelly & Seaton has, for half-a-century, been considered the definitive …

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Better Together Apr 2016

Better Together

DePaul Magazine

Faculty have taken full advantage of the university's innovative intercollegiate grant program, and the resulting research is as interesting and diverse as the collaborators themselves. What is resulting is research on "Patient and Primary Care Provider Perspectives on Recreational and Therapeutic Cannabis Use Within a Changing Socioculltural and Political Context;" a new minor in climate change science and policy; a new class, Communication, Coding and Entrepreneurship; brain inflammation research; and the project "Cosmology Meets Continental Philosophy: Natural Laws and Why There Is Something Rather Than Nothing"

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Direct Collapse To Supermassive Black Hole Seeds: Comparing The Amr And Sph Approaches, Yang Luo, Kentaro Nagamine, Isaac Shlosman Mar 2016

Direct Collapse To Supermassive Black Hole Seeds: Comparing The Amr And Sph Approaches, Yang Luo, Kentaro Nagamine, Isaac Shlosman

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We provide detailed comparison between the adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) code ENZO-2.4 and the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH)/N-body code GADGET-3 in the context of isolated or cosmological direct baryonic collapse within dark matter (DM) haloes to form supermassive black holes. Gas flow is examined by following evolution of basic parameters of accretion flows. Both codes show an overall agreement in the general features of the collapse; however, many subtle differences exist. For isolated models, the codes increase their spatial and mass resolutions at different pace, which leads to substantially earlier collapse in SPH than in AMR cases due …

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Hectomap And Horizon Run 4: Dense Structures And Voids In The Real And Simulated Universe, Ho Seong Hwang, Margaret J. Geller, Changbom Park, Daniel G. Fabricant, Michael J. Kurtz, Kenneth J. Rines, Juhan Kim, Antonaldo Diaferio, J. Jabran Zahid, Perry Berland, Michael Calkins, Susan Tokarz, Sean Moran Feb 2016

Hectomap And Horizon Run 4: Dense Structures And Voids In The Real And Simulated Universe, Ho Seong Hwang, Margaret J. Geller, Changbom Park, Daniel G. Fabricant, Michael J. Kurtz, Kenneth J. Rines, Juhan Kim, Antonaldo Diaferio, J. Jabran Zahid, Perry Berland, Michael Calkins, Susan Tokarz, Sean Moran

Physics & Astronomy

HectoMAP is a dense redshift survey of red galaxies covering a 53 deg2 strip of the northern sky. HectoMAP is 97% complete for galaxies with r < 20.5, (g− r) > 1.0, and (r − i) > 0.5. The survey enables tests of the physical properties of large-scale structure at intermediate redshift against cosmological models. We use the Horizon Run 4, one of the densest and largest cosmological simulations based on the standard Λ Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM) model, to compare the physical properties of observed large-scale structures with simulated ones in a volume-limited sample covering 8 × 106 …

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It Is Sufficient To Set The Cosmological Constant To Zero Or To A Small Number At An Initial Time, Recai̇ Erdem Jan 2016

It Is Sufficient To Set The Cosmological Constant To Zero Or To A Small Number At An Initial Time, Recai̇ Erdem

Turkish Journal of Physics

I point out a simple but usually overlooked fact about the cosmological constant problem: to solve the cosmological constant problem it is sufficient to find a symmetry or mechanism that sets the cosmological constant to zero or to a tiny value at some time in the past, provided that general relativity is the relevant theory of gravity, and the energy-momentum tensor (excluding the part of the form of a cosmological constant) is conserved. The relevant symmetry or mechanism need not be applicable today. Any additional cosmological constant term induced by a phase transition in the energy-momentum tensor in this case …

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