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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Greenhouse Gas Exchanges With Temperate Grassland Systems, S C. Jarvis, D J. Hatch, G J. Dollard
Greenhouse Gas Exchanges With Temperate Grassland Systems, S C. Jarvis, D J. Hatch, G J. Dollard
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Preliminary studies are described which examine the fluxes of two important greenhouse gases from grassland systems, In the first, effects of different slurry application methods to a peat soil on the emission of N2O were examined. All methods resulted in a significant release of N20 at rates which varied with treatment, time and environmental conditions. The greatest rates of denitrification occurred with acidified slurry under wet conditions: this however, produced the lowest proportion of losses as N2O, In the second study, changes in CH4 concentration above a grazed sward were measured and indicated a definite positive flux from the system …
Simulating The Impact Of Global Warming On Regional Pasture Production Environment, P J. Vickery, M J. Hill, E P. Furnival
Simulating The Impact Of Global Warming On Regional Pasture Production Environment, P J. Vickery, M J. Hill, E P. Furnival
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Global warming scenarios predict increases in temperatures, evaporation and summer rainfall in the northern two-thirds of Australia. Pasture production models can be combined with spatial climate data in a geographic information system to predict net primary production from pastures. We used a pasture-sheep production model for a phalaris-white clover pasture together with interpolated climatic data to predict the outcome of increases in temperature, evaporation and summer rainfall for net primary production (NPP) from pastures in northern NSW. NPP was predicted to rise in winter due to elevated temperatures, to decline slightly In spring due to increased evaporation, and to change …
Climate Change And Variability: Impacts On New Zealand Pastures, M J. Salinger, A S. Porteous
Climate Change And Variability: Impacts On New Zealand Pastures, M J. Salinger, A S. Porteous
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Climate change and variability influence the productivity and distribution of New Zealand pasture species. Temperature and rainfall scenarios are used to explore the sensitivity of New Zealand pastures to potential climate warming next century. Temperature affects the length of the growing season with present pasture species extending 200 m higher in altitude for every 1 •c temperature increase. The greater area of New Zealand that becomes frost free allows the spread of subtropical pasture grasses southwards. However, where low rainfall limits pasture production, changes to the rainfall amount have a significant effect. A rainfall change of I 0% changes the …
Additive Negative Effects Of Decadal Warming And Nitrogen Addition On Grassland Community Stability, Q. Wu, G. D. Han, S. X. Chang, H. Y. Ren
Additive Negative Effects Of Decadal Warming And Nitrogen Addition On Grassland Community Stability, Q. Wu, G. D. Han, S. X. Chang, H. Y. Ren
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Much recent research has explored how global warming and increased nitrogen (N) deposition, two important components of global environmental changes, influence the structure and functioning of natural ecosystems. However, how ecosystem dynamics respond to the combination of long-term warming and N enrichment remains largely unexplored. The impact of warming and N addition on the temporal stability of plant communities were investigated in a decade-long field experiment. The study was conducted in northern China in a desert steppe, using a split-plot design with warming as the main-plot factor and N addition as the splitplot factor. Long-term warming and N addition had …
Perceptions Of Gauteng Beef Farmers On Significance Of Practising Climate Smart Agriculture, S. T. Jiyana, K-J. Leeuw, Abubeker Hassen, Ignatius V. Nsahlai
Perceptions Of Gauteng Beef Farmers On Significance Of Practising Climate Smart Agriculture, S. T. Jiyana, K-J. Leeuw, Abubeker Hassen, Ignatius V. Nsahlai
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Farmers are crucial role-players in agriculture, especially in beef farming. Daily farm activities affect climate change, either negatively or positively. Therefore, farmers’ ability to relate climate change with farm activities is highly imperative. A study was conducted to investigate perceptions of Gauteng beef farmers on significance of practising climate smart agriculture (CSA). Semi-structured key informant interviews were conducted with 57 beef cattle farmers from three areas (Bronkhorstspruit, Rust de Winter and Cullinan) of Tshwane region (Gauteng province). A fully detailed ethical statement was used to explain the study and request farmers’ participation. Data analysis was done using a Statistical Package …
Long-Term N Addition, Not Warming, Increases Net Ecosystem Co2 Exchange In A Desert Steppe In Northern China, Guodong Han, Qian Wu
Long-Term N Addition, Not Warming, Increases Net Ecosystem Co2 Exchange In A Desert Steppe In Northern China, Guodong Han, Qian Wu
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Grasslands cover a major part of the global terrestrial area and provide important ecosystem functions such as sequestration of carbon (C). Desert steppes are unique ecosystems with properties in between desert and grasslands. They are considered to be vulnerable ecosystems that are at risk of desertification due to global change. To provide a robust prediction of the effect of climate warming and increased nitrogen (N) deposition on desert steppe, long-term studies that capture the annual variation in precipitation are needed. We conducted a 12-year field experiment in a desert steppe which showed that warming did not change ecosystem C exchange …
Effects Of Yearly Simulated Temperature Rise And Nitrogen Deposition On Soil Nutrient In The Songnen Meadow Steppes Of Northeast China, L. J. Hu, D. L. Wang, W. W. Wang, J. X. Guo
Effects Of Yearly Simulated Temperature Rise And Nitrogen Deposition On Soil Nutrient In The Songnen Meadow Steppes Of Northeast China, L. J. Hu, D. L. Wang, W. W. Wang, J. X. Guo
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
No abstract provided.
Planet At Risk From Grazing Animals?, Albrecht F. Glatzle
Planet At Risk From Grazing Animals?, Albrecht F. Glatzle
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The famous FAO report “Livestock’s Long Shadow” (Steinfeld et. al. 2006) and hundreds of subsequent publications blamed domestic livestock, in general, and grassland-based production systems in the (sub) tropics, in particular, of causing serious environmental hazards such as climate change, claiming that 18% of anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are from livestock, more than from the transport sector. Few reviews challenged this claim, and those that did received little attention from the media. Pitseky et al. (2009) revealed the double standard applied by the FAO in this matter. Whereas for livestock products a full life cycle assessment for …
Designing Resilient And Sustainable Grasslands For A Drier Future: Adaptive Strategies, Functional Traits And Biotic Interactions, Florence Volaire, Karim Barkaoui, Mark Norton
Designing Resilient And Sustainable Grasslands For A Drier Future: Adaptive Strategies, Functional Traits And Biotic Interactions, Florence Volaire, Karim Barkaoui, Mark Norton
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
In many regions of the world, such as Southern Europe and most Mediterranean areas, the frequency and magnitude of droughts and heat waves are expected to increase under global warming and will challenge the sustainability of both native and sown grasslands. To analyze the adaptive strategies of species, genotypes and cultivars, we aim both: (1) to understand the composition and functioning of natural grasslands; and (2) to propose ideotypes of cultivars and optimal composition for mixtures of species/genotypes under water deficit and high temperatures. This review presents a conceptual framework to analyze adaptive responses of perennial herbaceous species, starting from …
Managing Nitrous Oxide Emissions In Agricultural Fields, Mark S. Coyne, Wei Ren
Managing Nitrous Oxide Emissions In Agricultural Fields, Mark S. Coyne, Wei Ren
Plant and Soil Sciences Research Report
Agriculture is a major contributor to atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O) (Smith et al., 2014; Tian et al., 2015). Unfortunately, nitrous oxide destroys stratospheric ozone (O3) which protects us from ultraviolet radiation (Cicerone, 1989) and it increases ground level O3, whichis an air pollutant threatening human health and food production. Nitrous oxide is also 298 times more potent than an equivalent amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in terms of trapping and absorbing reflected solar radiation (Forster et al., 2007). Basic chemistry and physics assure us that increased levels of N2O in the …