Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Properties Of New York/New Jersey Harbor Sediments, K. W. Jones, Huan Feng, E. A. Stren, U. Neuhäusler, J. Osán, N. Marinkovic, Z. Song

Huan Feng

Sediments found in waterways around the world may contain toxic compounds of anthropogeilic origin that can harm the environment and human health. As a result, it is often necessary to remove them and find disposal methods that are environmentally and economically acceptable. Here, we report on results obtained in an experimental program to characterize the nature of the sediment contamination. The objective was to gain a better understanding of the properties of the sediments to develop better methods for understanding the fate and transport of the contaminants and for improving methods for their removal from the sediments. Our investigations made …

Temperaments And Learning Styles Vs. Academic Performance Of First-Semester Physics Students, Shel Randall

Shel Randall

Comparing Experts And Novices In Solving Electrical Circuit Problems With The Help Of Eye-Tracking, David Rosengrant, Colin Thomson, Taha Mzoughi

David Rosengrant

In order to help introductory physics students understand and learn to solve problems with circuits, we must first understand how they differ from experts. This preliminary study focuses on problem-solving dealing with electrical circuits. We investigate difficulties novices have with circuits and compare their work with those of experts. We incorporate the use of an eye-tracker to investigate any possible differences or similarities on how experts and novices solve electrical circuit problems. Our results show similarities in gaze patterns among all subjects on the components of the circuit. We further found that experts would look back at the circuit while …

Pre-Service Physics Teachers And Physics Education Research, David Rosengrant

David Rosengrant

Training pre-service teachers requires, among other things, content knowledge, pedagogical skills and pedagogical content knowledge. Teacher preparation programs have little, if any spare time to add more courses/activities to their program. However, I argue in this paper that we, as educators, must enhance the amount of physics education research in our pre-service physics teacher training programs. In this study, I analyze the results of two different types of exposure to physics education research (PER) from two different groups of pre-service physics teachers in our masters of arts and teaching program. The preliminary results show, for example that the PER helped …

Vector Acoustic Intensity Around A Tuning Fork, Daniel A. Russell, Justin Junell, Daniel O. Ludwigsen

Daniel Ludwigsen

The acoustic intensity vector field around a tuning fork is investigated. Theory for a longitudinal quadrupole source predicts a well-defined transition between near-field and far-field, with significant circulation of sound energy in the near-field. Vector components of the time-averaged intensity were measured using a two-microphone intensity probe and found to agree well with predictions from theory. The vector intensity map is interpreted, and shown to provide useful information about the near-field of an acoustic source.

A Simple Electric Field Probe In A Gauss's Law Laboratory, Daniel O. Ludwigsen, Gregory N. Hassold

Daniel Ludwigsen

Early in our calculus-based introductory course, students are introduced to electric fields and sometimes struggle with the abstraction of a vector field. They have less familiarity with the phenomena associated with electric fields, and the connection between phenomena and mathematical formalism is weaker. Our very next topic is Gauss's law.

Science Classics, Mark Masthay

Mark Masthay

An essay on the impact of the works in the Imprints and Impressions: Milestones in Human Progress, an exhibition of rare books from the collection of Stuart Rose. Exhibition was held Sept. 29-Nov. 9, 2014, at the University of Dayton.

Basic Astronomy Labs, Terry L. Smith, Michael D. Reynolds, Jay S. Huebner

Jay S Huebner

Providing the tools and know-how to apply the principles of astronomy first-hand, these 43 laboratory exercises each contain an introduction that clearly shows budding astronomers why the particular topic of that lab is of interest and relevant to astronomy. About one-third of the exercises are devoted solely to observation, and no mathematics is required beyond simple high school algebra and trigonometry.Organizes exercises into six major topics—sky, optics and spectroscopy, celestial mechanics, solar system, stellar properties, and exploration and other topics—providing clear outlines of what is involved in the exercise, its purpose, and what procedures and apparatus are to be used. …

Projecting Chromatic Aberrations, David L. Gibbs Jr., Phil Ryan, Jay S. Huebner

Jay S Huebner

The chromatic aberration of lenses is a popular topic in introductory astronomy 1-4 and physics and is readily demonstrated on an optical bench to several students at a time. However, we are not aware of any published descriptions of demonstrations showing chromatic aberration that are useful for large lecture classes. This note describes a simple method of using an overhead projector and an extra lens for displaying chromatic aberrations in large lecture halls so it can be viewed by large audiences.

Micro-Rockets For The Classroom, Alice S. Fletcher, Julia A. Cato, Jennifer A. Barrett, Jay S. Huebner

Jay S Huebner

Many people are fascinated with rocketry, as evidenced by hundreds of thousands of visitors to the Kennedy Space Center for Space Shuttle launches. Rockets demonstrate important basic principles of chemistry, engineering, and physics 1-5. Even model rockets are exciting to launch. Many physics teachers take advantage of this and use model solid fuel, 6 - 10 and water rockets 11-14 in their teaching activities. Scientific supply companies have responded to this interest and offer a range of equipment to investigate model rocket performance. 6,10,12,15 This note describes miniature solid fuel, or micro rockets, which are made from a single safety …

Measurement Of The Half-Life Of The T=1/2 Mirror Decay Of Ne-19 And Its Implication On Physics Beyond The Standard Model, Leah J. Broussard, Henning O. Back, Mitzi S. Boswell, A. S. Crowell, Peter Dendooven, G. S. Giri, Calvin R. Howell, M. F. Kidd, Klaus Jungmann, Wilbert L. Kruithof, A. Mol, Cornelis J. G. Onderwater, Robert W. Pattie Jr., Praveen D. Shidling, M. Sohani, D. J. Van Der Hoek, A. Rogachevskiy, Emil Traykov, Oscar O. Versolato, Lorenz Willmann, Hans W. Wilschut, Andrew T. Young

Robert W. Pattie Jr.

Titanium Oxide Nanotubes: Synthesis, Properties And Applications For Solar Energy Harvesting, Eugen Panaitescu

Eugen Panaitescu

Titanium oxide (titania) nanotubes, although relatively recently discovered (less than 15 years ago), have already shown great promise regarding solar energy harvesting applications, exhibiting very good photocatalytic and photovoltaic properties. An alternative anodization route for production of titania nanotubes at the surface of a titanium foil using chloride ions as catalyst instead of the routinely used highly toxic fluorides, is presented in this work. Moreover, the fabrication parameters are extensively studied, thus providing both an insight into the synthesis mechanism and hints towards possible process optimization routes. Although not forming uniformly over the sample surface and lacking long range ordering, …

Characterizing Scientific Production And Consumption In Physics, Qian Zhang, Nicola Perra, Bruno Gonçalves, Fabio Ciulla, Alessandro Vespignani

Alessandro Vespignani

We analyze the entire publication database of the American Physical Society generating longitudinal (50 years) citation networks geolocalized at the level of single urban areas. We define the knowledge diffusion proxy, and scientific production ranking algorithms to capture the spatiotemporal dynamics of Physics knowledge worldwide. By using the knowledge diffusion proxy we identify the key cities in the production and consumption of knowledge in Physics as a function of time. The results from the scientific production ranking algorithm allow us to characterize the top cities for scholarly research in Physics. Although we focus on a single dataset concerning a specific …

Topics In Electronic Structure And Spectroscopy Of Cuprates, Hsin Lin

Hsin Lin

I have applied first-principles calculations to investigate several interrelated problems concerned with the electronic structure and spectroscopy of cuprates. The specific topics addressed in this thesis are as follows. 1. By properly including doping effects beyond rigid band filling, a longstanding problem of the missing Bi-O pocket in the electronic structure of Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8}$ (Bi2212) is solved. The doping effect is explained in terms of Coulombic effect between layers and is a generic property of all cuprates. 2. A systematic study for Pb/O and rare-earth doping in Bi2212 is carried out to explain the experimental phase diagrams, and a possible new …

Realization Of Random-Field Ising Ferromagnetism In A Molecular Magnet, Bo Wen, P Subedi, Lin Bo, Y Yeshurun, M P. Sarachik, A D. Kent, A J. Millis, Christos Lampropoulos, G Christou

Christos Lampropoulos

The longitudinal magnetic susceptibility of single crystals of the molecular magnet Mn12-acetate obeys a Curie-Weiss law, indicating a transition to a ferromagnetic phase at ∼0.9 K. With increasing magnetic field applied transverse to the easy axis, a marked change is observed in the temperature dependence of the susceptibility, and the suppression of ferromagnetism is considerably more rapid than predicted by mean-field theory for an ordered single crystal. Our results can instead be fit by a Hamiltonian for a random-field Ising ferromagnet in a transverse magnetic field, where the randomness derives from the intrinsic distribution of locally tilted magnetic easy axes …

Experimental Determination Of The Weiss Temperature Of Mn12-Ac And Mn12-Ac-Meoh, Christos Lampropoulos, Shiqi Li, Lin Bo, Bo Wen, M P. Sarachik, P Subedi, A D. Kent, Y Yeshurun, A J. Millis, S Mukherjee, G Christou

Christos Lampropoulos

We report measurements of the susceptibility in the temperature range from 3.5 to 6.0 K of a series of Mn12-ac and Mn12-ac-MeOH samples in the shape of rectangular prisms of length lc and square cross section of side la. The susceptibility obeys a Curie-Weiss law, χ=C/(T−θ), where θ varies systematically with sample aspect ratio. Using published demagnetization factors, we obtain θ for an infinitely long sample corresponding to intrinsic ordering temperatures Tc≈0.85 K and ≈0.74 K for Mn12-ac and Mn12-ac-MeOH, respectively. The difference in Tc for two materials that have nearly identical unit cell volumes and lattice constant ratios suggests …

Fall 2010 Sci 2130: Quantum Physics: Information About Course: Learning Objectives, Stephen Holt

Stephen Holt

Modern Physics is based upon a few fundamental ideas that allow the explanation of phenomena that seem to defy consistency with traditional (Newtonian) physics. The most important of these (in the context of engineering applications) are the principles of quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics. This course will introduce the basic concepts of Modern Physics, with particular application to atoms, molecules and the materials utilized in modern electronics.

Fall 2010 Sci 2130: Quantum Physics: Course Materials: Homework Overview, Stephen Holt

Stephen Holt

Modern Physics is based upon a few fundamental ideas that allow the explanation of phenomena that seem to defy consistency with traditional (Newtonian) physics. The most important of these (in the context of engineering applications) are the principles of quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics. This course will introduce the basic concepts of Modern Physics, with particular application to atoms, molecules and the materials utilized in modern electronics.

Fall 2010 Sci 2130: Quantum Physics: Course Materials: Assignments, Stephen Holt

Stephen Holt

Modern Physics is based upon a few fundamental ideas that allow the explanation of phenomena that seem to defy consistency with traditional (Newtonian) physics. The most important of these (in the context of engineering applications) are the principles of quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics. This course will introduce the basic concepts of Modern Physics, with particular application to atoms, molecules and the materials utilized in modern electronics.

Fall 2010 Sci 2130: Quantum Physics: Information About Course: Course Syllabus, Stephen Holt

Stephen Holt

Modern Physics is based upon a few fundamental ideas that allow the explanation of phenomena that seem to defy consistency with traditional (Newtonian) physics. The most important of these (in the context of engineering applications) are the principles of quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics. This course will introduce the basic concepts of Modern Physics, with particular application to atoms, molecules and the materials utilized in modern electronics.

How Deep Is The Irrationalism In The Science?, Pal R. Molnar

Pal R. Molnar

In the last decades a strong skeptic movement started against the para-sciences or irrationalism. We welcome this endeavor and we would like to extend the target of this movement into the field of scientific irrationalism too. In this article we try to discuss some of the clear and evident contradiction in the physics. Most of these problems were published in the last 20 years [1], and here we try to collect the biggest and stunk bugs. With this paper we try to break out the wall of silence about the inner problems of scientific world view. We believe that the …

Lattice Thermal Conductivity Of K2(Bi1_Zsbz)8se13 Solid Solutions, Jeffrey S. Dyck, Theodora Kyratsi, Evripides Hatzikraniotis, M Paraskevopoulous, H. K. Shin, Ctirad Uher, Mercouri Kanatzidis

Jeffrey Dyck

The family of solid solutions of the type B -K2(Bi1_zSbz)8Se13 (0

Magnetic And Transport Properties Of The V2– Vi3 Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor Sb2_Xmnxte3, Jeffrey Dyck, P. Svanda, P. Lostak, J. Horak, W. Chen, C. Uher

Jeffrey Dyck

We have measured electrical and magnetic properties of single crystals of Sb2_xMnxTe3 with x =0 – 0.045 at temperatures of 2 K to 300 K. Hall effect measurements indicate that each manganese atom donates approximately one hole to the valence band. The magnetic susceptibility is paramagnetic down to 2 K, and both Curie–Weiss and Brillouin analyses show that manganese substitutes for Sb and takes the Mn2+ state with S=5/2. Contrary to the case of III–V host matrices, manganese does not stimulate ferromagnetic order in the family of bulk layered V2– VI3 diluted magnetic semiconductors, at least in the range of …

Highly Anisotropic Crystal Growth And Thermoelectric Properties Of K2bi8_Xsbxse13 Solid Solutions: Band Gap Anomaly At Low X, Jeffrey S. Dyck, Theodora Kyratsi, Wei Chan, Duck-Young Chung, Ctirad Uher, Konstantinos Paraskevopoulos, Mercouri Kanatzidis

Jeffrey Dyck

The thermoelectric properties of solid solutions of the type B -K2Bi8_xSbxSe13 (0

Thermoelectric Properties Of The N-Type Filled Skutterudite Ba0.3co4sb12 Doped With Ni, Jeffrey Dyck, Wei Chen, Ctirad Uher, Lidong Chen, Xinfeng Tang, Toshio Hirai

Jeffrey Dyck

Synthesis and electrical and thermal transport properties are reported for several filled skutterudite compounds doped with Ni: Ba0.3NixCo4_xSb12 with 0

Why Magnification Works, Terry L. Smith, Jay S. Huebner

Jay S Huebner

The simplest way to magnify the view of a small object is to bring the object closer to the eye, and of course science teachers know about magnifying glasses, telescopes, and microscopes.But why magnification works seems intuitive and is not usually explained to our students. We present here a few ideas on magnification that we use in our classroom and some general information on vision that we hope will be helpful to other teachers.

Comparison Of Suppression Across Frequencies, Linda M. Thibodeau, Marc A. Fagelson

Marc A. Fagelson

Multi-Ball Collisions, Terry L. Smith, Jay S. Huebner

Jay S Huebner

Explanation to use the "double-ball" demonstration as a model for the supernova core bounce.