Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Identifying Key Stream Restoration Variables In An Agriculturally Impaired Chesapeake Bay Watershed, Julia Portmann

Masters Theses, 2020-current

The Chesapeake Bay watershed spans several states, supports diverse ecosystems, and is crucial to local economies. However, agricultural practices in this region impair water quality. The Smith Creek watershed, within the Shenandoah Valley, was designated a showcase watershed in 2010 by the United States Department of Agriculture to demonstrate the efficacy of implementing restoration projects. We sampled fifteen farms ranging from unrestored to thirty-six years since restoration. At each site, we conducted a kick-net survey for macroinvertebrates, measured canopy cover, algal density, substrate size, and bank height and angle. We identified macroinvertebrates to family and calculated the Chesapeake Basin-wide Index …

Cost Benefit Analysis And Beyond: Stream Restoration In Richmond, Virginia, Claire Powell

Environmental Studies Senior Seminar Projects

This research assessed the costs and benefits of six recent stream restoration projects in Richmond, Virginia within the context of the Chesapeake Bay Total Maximum Daily Load (CB TMDL) pollutant reduction requirements. In order to meet these requirements, state and local governments promoted stream restoration as an important way to reduce Bay-wide inputs of nitrogen, phosphorus, and total suspended solids. The overall intention of this paper was to holistically evaluate the risks and positive impacts associated with stream restoration, with a focus on Little Westham Creek, a stream restoration project located on the University of Richmond campus. I hypothesized that …

Prince George County Shoreline Management Plan, C. Scott Hardaway Jr., Donna A. Milligan, Christine A. Wilcox, Marcia Berman, Tamia Rudnicky, Karinna Nunez, Sharon A. Killeen

Reports

Much of Prince George County’s shoreline is suitable for a “Living Shoreline” approach to shoreline management. The Commonwealth of Virginia has adopted policy stating that Living Shorelines are the preferred alternative for erosion control along tidal waters in Virginia (http://leg1.state.va.us/cgi‐bin/legp504.exe?111+ful+CHAP0885+pdf). The policy defines a Living Shoreline as …”a shoreline management practice that provides erosion control and water quality benefits; protects, restores or enhances natural shoreline habitat; and maintains coastal processes through the strategic placement of plants, stone, sand fill, and other structural and organic materials.” The key to effective implementation of this policy at the local level is understanding what …

Gloucester County Shoreline Management Plan, C. Scott Hardaway Jr., Donna A. Milligan, Christine A. Wilcox, Marcia Berman, Tamia Rudnicky, Karinna Nunez, Sharon A. Killeen

Reports

With approximately 85 percent of the Chesapeake Bay shoreline privately owned, a critical need existsto increase awareness of erosion potential and the choices available for shore stabilization that maintainsecosystem services at the land-water interface. The National Academy of Science published a report thatspotlights the need to develop a shoreline management framework (NRC, 2007). It suggests that improvingawareness of the choices available for erosion control, considering cumulative consequences of erosionmitigation approaches, and improving shoreline management planning are key elements to minimizingadverse environmental impacts associated with mitigating shore erosion.
Actions taken by waterfront property owners to stabilize the shoreline can affect the …

Shoreline Evolution: City Of Norfolk, Virginia Chesapeake Bay, Elizabeth And Lafayette River Shorelines, Donna A. Milligan, Christine Wilcox, C. Scott Hardaway Jr.

Reports

City of Norfolk is situated along the Chesapeake Bay, Elizabeth and Lafayette Rivers (Figure 1). Because the City’s shoreline is continually changing, determining where the shoreline was in the past, how far and how fast it is moving, and what factors drive shoreline change will help define where the shoreline will be going in the future. These rates and patterns of shore change along Chesapeake Bay’s estuarine shores will differ through time as winds, waves, tides and currents shape and modify coastlines by eroding, transporting and depositing sediments. The purpose of this report is to document how the shore zone …

Shoreline Evolution: City Of Chesapeake, Virginia Elizabeth River Shorelines Data Summary Report, Donna A. Milligan, Christine Wilcox, C. Scott Hardaway Jr.

Reports

City of Chesapeake is situated between the Cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth along several branches of the Elizabeth River (Figure 1). Because the City's shoreline is continually changing, determining where the shoreline was in the past, how far and how fast it is moving, and what factors drive shoreline change will help define where the shoreline will be going in the future. These rates and patterns of shore change along Chesapeake Bay’s estuarine shores will differ through time as winds, waves, tides and currents shape and modify coastlines by eroding, transporting and depositing sediments.

The purpose of this report is …

Coercing Collaboration: The Chesapeake Bay Experience, Jamison E. Colburn

William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review

This Article uses a detailed case study of the Chesapeake to describe an emergent model of intergovernmental administration tailored to address our largest-scale environmental problems. The Obama EPA’s “total maximum daily load” (“TMDL”) in the Chesapeake has yet to be replicated. But it should be. The TMDL and its supporting norms were unique as an operational plan, achieving a level of transparency, accountability, means/ends rationality, and continuous improvement that were unprecedented at its scale. And whether this model can be replicated elsewhere turns out to be as much a question of law as of politics.

Shoreline Evolution: Stafford County, Virginia Potomac River And Rappahannock River Shorelines, Donna A. Milligan, Christine A. Wilcox, C. Scott Hardaway Jr.

Reports

Stafford County is situated along the upper reaches of the Potomac and Rappahannock Rivers. Because the County’s shoreline is continually changing, determining where the shoreline was in the past, how far and how fast it is moving, and what factors drive shoreline change will help define where the shoreline will be going in the future. These rates and patterns of shore change along Chesapeake Bay’s estuarine shores will differ through time as winds, waves, tides and currents shape and modify coastlines by eroding, transporting and depositing sediments. The purpose of this report is to document how the shore zone of …

Shoreline Evolution: Northumberland County, Virginia Chesapeake Bay, Potomac River, And Great Wicomico River Shorelines, Donna A. Milligan, Christine A. Wilcox, C. Scott Hardaway Jr.

Reports

Northumberland County is situated at the confluence of the Potomac River and Chesapeake Bay (Figure 1). Because the County’s shoreline is continually changing, determining where the shoreline was in the past, how far and how fast it is moving, and what factors drive shoreline change will help define where the shoreline will be going in the future. These rates and patterns of shore change along Chesapeake Bay’s estuarine shores will differ through time as winds, waves, tides and currents shape and modify coastlines by eroding, transporting and depositing sediments. The purpose of this report is to document how the shorezone …

Salt Ponds Shore Zone Modeling For Breakwater Placement: Summary Report, Donna A. Milligan, C. Scott Hardaway Jr.

Reports

The City of Hampton Beachfront and Storm Protection Management Plan (Waterway Surveys, VIMS, and URS, 2011) provides a conceptual plan for the placement of structures along Hampton’s shoreline (Figure 1). The Shoreline Studies Program (SSP) at the Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) provided the original shoreline modeling used for this plan in 1999. The modeling was used to provide guidance on structure placement for management of the entire beach fronting shoreline. The City has built three of the structures in the Plan along the public beach at Buckroeand presently is planning to design and construct the recommended breakwater in …

City Of Suffolk Shoreline Management Plan, C. Scott Hardaway Jr., Donna A. Milligan, Christine A. Wilcox, Marcia Berman, Tamia Rudnicky, Karinna Nunez, Sharon A. Killeen

Reports

City of Suffolk understands that water resources are an integral part of the quality of life for its residents. The City’s Comprehensive Plan states that management of development and land disturbing activities directly affect the quality of surface water, drinking water, fisheries and wetland habitat (City of Suffolk Department of Planning, 2006).

The shores of Suffolk range from exposed open river to very sheltered creeks, and the nature of shoreline change varies accordingly. While the City’s Comprehensive Plan provides general guidance for shore erosion control, a shoreline management plan is useful for evaluating and planning shoreline management strategies appropriate for …

Shoreline Evolution: Charles City County, Virginia, Donna A. Milligan, Christine Wilcox, C. Scott Hardaway Jr.

Reports

Charles City County is situated along the upper reaches of the James River (Figure 1). Because the County’s shoreline is continually changing, determining where the shoreline was in the past, how far and how fast it is moving, and what factors drive shoreline change will help define where the shoreline will be going in the future. These rates and patterns of shore change along Chesapeake Bay’s estuarine shores will differ through time as winds, waves, tides and currents shape and modify coastlines by eroding, transporting and depositing sediments. The purpose of this report is to document how the shore zone …

Shoreline Evolution: Northampton County, Virginia Chesapeake Bay Shoreline 2013, Donna A. Milligan, Christine A. Wilcox, C. Scott Hardaway Jr.

Reports

Northampton County is situated along Virginia’s Eastern Shore (Figure 1). Because the County’s shoreline is continually changing, determining where the shoreline was in the past, how far and how fast it is moving, and what factors drive shoreline change will help define the shoreline’s future movement. These rates and patterns of shore change along Chesapeake Bay’s estuarine shores will differ through time as winds, waves, tides and currents shape and modify coastlines by eroding, transporting and depositing sediments. The purpose of this report is to document how the Chesapeake Bay shoreline of Northampton County has evolved since 1938. Aerial imagery …

Dune Monitoring Data Update Summary: 2013, Donna A. Milligan, C. Scott Hardaway Jr., George R. Thomas

Reports

The Shoreline Studies Program at VIMS established a beach and dune monitoring program for nine sites around the Virginia portion of Chesapeake Bay (Milligan et al., 2005). These sites were monitored twice yearly for four years (2001-2004). In addition to three years of relatively calm conditions, these data included the impact of Hurricane Isabel, a nearly 100-yr event, on the Bay’s shorelines. The shoreline’s change due to the storm and their subsequent short-term recovery was documented by this data. Since the end of the monitoring program other events have impacted Chesapeake Bay shorelines. In order to document the longer-term recovery …

Shoreline Evolution: Westmoreland County, Virginia Potomac River And Rappahannock River Shorelines, Donna A. Milligan, Christine Wilcox, C. Scott Hardaway Jr., Mary C. Cox

Reports

Westmoreland County is situated along the Potomac River and Rappahannock River. Through time, the County’s shoreline has evolved, and determining the rates and patterns of shore change provides the basis to know how a particular coast has changed through time and how it might proceed in the future. Along Chesapeake Bay’s estuarine shores, winds, waves, tides and currents shape and modify coastlines by eroding, transporting and depositing sediments. The purpose of this report is to document how the shore zone of Westmoreland County has evolved since 1937. Aerial imagery was taken for most of the Bay region beginning that year …

Shoreline Evolution: Lancaster County, Virginia Rappahannock River And Chesapeake Bay Shorelines 2012, Donna A. Milligan, Christine A. Wilcox, C. Scott Hardaway Jr., Mary C. Cox

Reports

ancaster County is situated along the Rappahannock River and Chesapeake Bay (Figure 1). The County has 330 miles of tidal shoreline (Lancaster, 2007). Through time, the County’s shoreline has evolved, and determining the rates and patterns of shore change provides the basis to know how a particular coast has changed through time and how it might proceed in the future. Along Chesapeake Bay’s estuarine shores, winds, waves, tides and currents shape and modify coastlines by eroding, transporting and depositing sediments. The purpose of this report is to document how the shore zone of Lancaster County has evolved since 1937. Aerial …

Slides: Who Should Be At The Table, And What Should They Be Talking About?, Robert W. Adler

Navigating the Future of the Colorado River (Martz Summer Conference, June 8-10)

Presenter: Robert W. Adler, James I. Farr Chair in Law, University of Utah, S.J. Quinney College of Law

9 slides

Shoreline Evolution: City Of Hampton, Virginia Chesapeake Bay, Back River, And Hampton River Shorelines, Donna A. Milligan, Christine Wilcox, C. Scott Hardaway Jr., Mary C. Cox

Reports

The City of Hampton has about 95 miles of tidal shoreline along Chesapeake Bay, Hampton Roads, Back River, and Hampton River (Figure 1). Through time, the City’s shoreline has evolved, and determining the rates and patterns of shore change provides the basis to know how a particular coast has changed through time and how it might proceed in the future. Along Chesapeake Bay’s estuarine shores, winds, waves, tides and currents shape and modify coastlines by eroding, transporting and depositing sediments. The purpose of this report is to document how the shore zone of City of Hampton has evolved since 1937. …

Legal Initiatives Driving Clean Up Of Chesapeake Bay, Roy A. Hoagland, Jon Mueller

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Shoreline Evolution Lancaster County, Virginia Chesapeake Bay And Rappahannock River Shorelines 2006, C. Scott Hardaway Jr., Donna A. Milligan, Lyle M. Varnell, Christine A. Wilcox, George R. Thomas, Kevin P. O'Brien

Reports

Shoreline evolution is the change in shore position through time. In fact, it is the material resistance of the coastal geologic underpinnings against the impinging hydrodynamic (and aerodynamic) forces. Along the shores of Chesapeake Bay and Rappahannock River, it is a process-response system. The processes at work include winds, waves, tides and currents, which shape and modify coastlines by eroding, transporting and depositing sediments. The shore line is commonly plotted and measured to provide a rate of change but it is as important to understand the geomorphic patterns of change. Shore analysis provides the basis to know how a particular …

Dune Evolution Middlesex County, Virginia Rappahannock River And Piankatank River Shorelines, C. Scott Hardaway Jr., Donna A. Milligan, Lyle M. Varnell, Christine A. Wilcox, George R. Thomas, Kevin P. O'Brien

Reports

Shoreline evolution is the change in shore position through time. In fact, it is the material resistance of the coastal geologic underpinnings against the impinging hydrodynamic (and aerodynamic) forces. Along the shores of Chesapeake Bay, it is a process-response system. The processes at work include winds, waves, tides and currents, which shape and modify coastlines by eroding, transporting and depositing sediments. The shore line is commonly plotted and measured to provide a rate of change but it is as important to understand the geomorphic patterns of change. Shore analysis provides the basis to know how a particular coast has changed …

Dune Evolution Accomack County, Virginia Chesapeake Bay Shorelines, C. Scott Hardaway Jr., Donna A. Milligan, Lyle M. Varnell, Christine Wilcox, George R. Thomas

Reports

Shoreline evolution is the change in shore position through time. In fact, it is the material resistance of the coastal geologic underpinnings against the impinging hydrodynamic (and aerodynamic) forces. Along the shores of Chesapeake Bay, it is a process-response system. The processes at work include winds, waves, tides and currents, which shape and modify coastlines by eroding, transporting and depositing sediments. The shore line is commonly plotted and measured to provide a rate of change but it is as important to understand the geomorphic patterns of change. Shore analysis provides the basis to know how a particular coast has changed …

Chesapeake Bay Dune Systems: Monitoring, Donna A. Milligan, C. Scott Hardaway Jr., George R. Thomas, Lyle M. Varnell, Thomas A. Barnard, William G. Reay, Travis R. Comer, Christine A. Wilcox

Reports

This project is aimed at developing an understanding of detailed beach and dune change. During the course of this monitoring, Hurricane Isabel impacted the coastal plain of Virginia and significantly altered almost all Bay shorelines to one degree or another in September 2003. This is particularly true of shorelines facing north, east, and south since the winds shifted as the storm passed. This event provided an opportunity to measure the changes to natural dune systems around the Bay due to the storm as well as their recovery after the event.

Shoreline Evolution Chesapeake Bay And Piankatank River Shorelines Mathews County, Va, C. Scott Hardaway Jr., Donna A. Milligan, Lyle M. Varnell, Christine A. Wilcox, George R. Thomas

Reports

Shoreline evolution is the change in shore position through time. In fact, it is the material resistance of the coastal geologic underpinnings against the impinging hydrodynamic (and aerodynamic) forces. Along the shores of Chesapeake Bay, it is a process-response system. The processes at work include winds, waves, tides and currents, which shape and modify coastlines by eroding, transporting and depositing sediments. The shore line is commonly plotted and measured to provide a rate of change but it is as important to understand the geomorphic patterns of change. Shore analysis provides the basis to know how a particular coast has changed …

Shoreline Evolution Chesapeake Bay Shoreline City Of Norfolk, Va, C. Scott Hardaway Jr., Donna A. Milligan, Lyle M. Varnell, Christine A. Wilcox, George R. Thomas, Travis R. Comer

Reports

Shoreline evolution is the change in shore position through time. In fact, it is the material resistance of the coastal geologic underpinnings against the impinging hydrodynamic (and aerodynamic) forces. Along the shores of Chesapeake Bay, it is a process-response system. The processes at work include winds, waves, tides and currents, which together shape and modify coastlines by eroding, transporting and depositing sediments. The shore line is commonly plotted and measured to provide a rate of change, but it is as important to understand the geomorphic patterns of change. Shore analysis provides the basis to know how a particular coast has …

Northampton County Dune Inventory, C. Scott Hardaway Jr., Donna A. Milligan, Lyle M. Varnell, George R. Thomas, Walter L. Priest, Linda M. Meneghini, Thomas A. Barnard, Christine Wilcox

Reports

Northampton County is located on the Eastern Shore of Virginia (Figure 1). Only dune sites on Chesapeake Bay were analyzed. A total of 30 dune sites were identified along Northampton’s shoreline (Figure 2). It is the intent of this publication to provide the user with information on the status of dunes in Northampton County. This information comes from research performed in 1999 and 2000 which was presented in a report entitled “Chesapeake Bay Dune Systems: Evolution and Status (Hardaway et al., 2001). Although somewhat dated, the information provides a short historical perspective of the state of each site at the …

City Of Norfolk Dune Inventory, C. Scott Hardaway Jr., Donna A. Milligan, Lyle M. Varnell, George R. Thomas, Walter L. Priest, Linda M. Meneghini, Thomas A. Barnard, Christine Wilcox

Reports

City of Norfolk, Virginia is located on the southern shore of Chesapeake Bay (Figure 1). Thirteen dune sites were identified along it’s Chesapeake Bay shore from Little Creek Inlet to Willoughby Spit (Figure 2). It is the intent of this publication to provide the user with information on the status of dunes in City of Norfolk. This information comes from research performed in 1999 and 2000 which was presented in a report entitled “Chesapeake Bay Dune Systems: Evolution and Status (Hardaway et al., 2001). Although somewhat dated, the information provides a short historical perspective of the state of each site …

Lancaster County Dune Inventory, C. Scott Hardaway Jr., Donna A. Milligan, Lyle M. Varnell, George R. Thomas, Walter L. Priest, Linda M. Meneghini, Thomas A. Barnard, Christine Wilcox

Reports

Lancaster County, Virginia is located at the confluence of the Rappahannock River and Chesapeake Bay (Figure 1). Most of the dunes are located along the Rappahannock River with the remainder along Chesapeake Bay. There are a total of 45 dune sites identified along the Lancaster County shoreline (Figure 2). It is the intent of this publication to provide the user with information on the status of dunes in Lancaster County. This information comes from research performed in 1999 and 2000 which was presented in a report entitled “Chesapeake Bay Dune Systems: Evolution and Status (Hardaway et al., 2001). Although somewhat …

Shoreline Evolution Chesapeake Bay Shoreline Northampton County, Va, C. Scott Hardaway Jr., Donna A. Milligan, Lyle M. Varnell, Christine Wilcox, George R. Thomas, Travis R. Comer

Reports

Shoreline evolution is the change in shore position through time. In fact, it is the material resistance of the coastal geologic underpinnings against the impinging hydrodynamic (and aerodynamic) forces. Along the shores of the Chesapeake Bay, it is a process-based response system. The processes at work include winds, waves, tides, and currents, which together provide the energy which shapes and modifies coastlines by eroding, transporting, and depositing sediments. The shore line is commonly plotted and measured to provide a rate of change, but it is as important to understand the geomorphic patterns of change. Shore analysis provides the basis to …

City Of Virginia Beach Dune Inventory, C. Scott Hardaway Jr., Donna A. Milligan, Lyle M. Varnell, George R. Thomas, Walter L. Priest, Linda M. Meneghini, Thomas A. Barnard, Sharon A. Killeen

Reports

The City of Virginia Beach is located on the southern shore of Chesapeake Bay (Figure 1). Ocean coast dunes were not included in this assessment. Primary tidal shorelines extend from Cape Henry westward to Little Creek Inlet. Eight (8) dune sites were identified along the City of Virginia Beach shoreline on the southern shore of Chesapeake Bay (Figure 2). It is the intent of this publication to provide the user with information on the status of dunes in City of Virginia Beach. This information comes from research performed in 1999 and 2000 which was presented in a report entitled “Chesapeake …