Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Measuring The Deterrent Effect Of Punitive Damages, Theodore Eisenberg

Cornell Law Faculty Publications

Professor Viscusi's article differs from the dominant mode of law and economics scholarship on punitive damages. The usual punitive damages article contains purely theoretical considerations about when punitive damages are appropriate and about their optimal level; no effort is made to ascertain whether the existing pattern of punitive awards corresponds with the theory. This is part of a larger problem: the dearth of empirical evidence in law and economics scholarship. Viscusi, on the other hand, provides empirical tests of whether punitive damages accomplish their goals, and he makes creative use of publicly available data sources. For the goal of his …

Student Fact Book, Fall 1998, Twenty Second Annual Edition, Wright State University, Office Of Student Information Systems, Wright State University

Wright State University Student Fact Books

The student fact book has general demographic information on all students enrolled at Wright State University for Fall Quarter, 1998.

Assessing The Accuracy Of A New Diagnostic Test When A Gold Standard Does Not Exist, Todd A. Alonzo, Margaret S. Pepe

UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series

Often the accuracy of a new diagnostic test must be assessed when a perfect gold standard does not exist. Use of an imperfect test biases the accuracy estimates of the new test. This paper reviews existing approaches to this problem including discrepant resolution and latent class analysis. Deficiencies with these approaches are identified. A new approach is proposed that combines the results of several imperfect reference tests to define a better reference standard. We call this the composite reference standard (CRS). Using the CRS, accuracy can be assessed using multistage sampling designs. Maximum likelihood estimates of accuracy and expressions for …

Complexity Reduction In State-Based Modeling, Martin Zwick

Systems Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

For a system described by a relation among qualitative variables (or quantitative variables "binned" into symbolic states), expressed either set-theoretically or as a multivariate joint probability distribution, complexity reduction (compression of representation) is normally achieved by modeling the system with projections of the overall relation. To illustrate, if ABCD is a four variable relation, then models ABC:BCD or AB:BC:CD:DA, specified by two triadic or four dyadic relations, respectively, represent simplifications of the ABCD relation. Simplifications which are lossless are always preferred over the original full relation, while simplifications which lose constraint are still preferred if the reduction of complexity more …

A Messy, But Instructive, Case Study In Design Of Experiments, Leroy A. Franklin, Belva J. Cooley, Gary Elrod

Mathematical Sciences Technical Reports (MSTR)

A company manufacturing fans wished to conduct an experimental design to determine the best combination of three factors affecting the breaking torque of the fans. Analysis of the data ceased to be straightforward when the authors found that the data failed the test for homogeneity of variances. After unsuccessfully attempting to transform the data and thereby meet the assumptions necessary to carry on the analysis, the authors relied upon a graphical analysis and a careful study of the means for each design point. This paper describes a statistically sound but novel strategy used to complete the analysis.

Attractors For Non-Compact Semigroups Via Energy Equations, Ioana Moise, Ricardo Rosa, Xiaoming Wang

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works

The energy-equation approach used to prove the existence of the global attractor by establishing the so-called asymptotic compactness property of the semigroup is considered, and a general formulation that can handle a number of weakly damped hyperbolic equations and parabolic equations on either bounded or unbounded spatial domains is presented. as examples, three specific and physically relevant problems are considered, namely the flows of a second-grade fluid, the flows of a Newtonian fluid in an infinite channel past an obstacle, and a weakly damped, forced Korteweg-de Vries equation on the whole line.

A Structural Result Of Irreducible Inclusions Of Type Iii Lambda Factors, Lambda Is An Element Of (0,1), Phan Loi

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications

Given an irreducible inclusion of factors with finite index N ⊂ M, where M is of type III_λ1/m, N of type III_λ1/n, 0 < λ < 1, and m,n are relatively prime positive integers, we will prove that if N ⊂ M satisfies a commuting square condition, then its structure can be characterized by using fixed point algebras and crossed products of automorphisms acting on the middle inclusion of factors associated with N ⊂ M. Relations between N ⊂ M and a certain G-kernel on subfactors are also discussed.

But Was He Sorry? The Role Of Remorse In Capital Sentencing, Theodore Eisenberg, Stephen P. Garvey, Martin T. Wells

Cornell Law Faculty Publications

What role does remorse really play in capital sentencing? We divide this basic question in two. First, what makes jurors come to believe a defendant is remorseful? Second, does a belief in the defendant's remorse affect the jury's final judgment of life or death? Here we present a systematic, empirical analysis that tries to answer these questions.

What makes jurors think a defendant is remorseful? Among other things, we find that the more jurors think that the crime is coldblooded, calculated, and depraved and that the defendant is dangerous, the less likely they are to think the defendant is remorseful. …

Statistics Of Active Galactic Nuclei In Rich Clusters Revisited, M. Way, R. Flores, H. Quintana

Physics Faculty Works

Using the spectrophotometry of a large sample of galaxies in 19 Abell clusters, we have selected 42 candidate active galactic nuclei (AGNs) using the criteria used by Dressler and coworkers in their analysis of the statistics of 22 AGNs in 14 rich cluster fields, which are based on the equivalent width of [O II] 3727 Å, Hβ, and [O III] 5007 Å emission. We have then discriminated AGNs from H II region-like galaxies (hereafter H II galaxies) in the manner developed by Veilleux & Osterbrock using the additional information provided by Hα and [N II] 6583 Å or Hα and …

Evolution Of Mixed-State Regions In Type-Ii Superconductors, Chaocheng Huang, Tom Svobodny

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications

A mean-field model for dynamics of superconducting vortices is studied. The model, consisting of an elliptic equation coupled with a hyperbolic equation with discontinuous initial data, is formulated as a system of nonlocal integrodifferential equations. We show that there exists a unique classical solution in C^1+α(Ω₀) for all t > Ω, where Ω₀ is the initial vortex region that is assumed to be in C^1+α. Consequently, for any time t, the vortex region Ω_t is of C^1+α, and the vorticity is in C^α(Ω_t).

Ranking And Explaining The Scholarly Impact Of Law Schools, Theodore Eisenberg, Martin T. Wells

Cornell Law Faculty Publications

This article measures 32 law schools' academic reputations by citations to their faculties' works. Yale, Chicago, Harvard, and Stanford rank alone at the top. Seven or eight schools compose the next group. We also explore the relation between scholarly impact and entry-level or lateral hire status, gender, minority status, subjects taught, and years in teaching. Lateral hires systematically outperform entry-level hires. We find no substantial evidence of male-female differences. We find some evidence of lower citations for minority females, but this difference is largely attributable to those in teaching fewer than 8 years. For faculty members in teaching more than …

Preparation Of Gold-Coated Molybdenum Articles And Articles Prepared Thereby, Timothy S. Romano, Tom K. Evans, Gary B. Hughes, Karl H. Neumann

Statistics

A gold-coated molybdenum article (30) is made by furnishing a substrate (32) made of pure molybdenum or an alloy of molybdenum, and preparing a slurry of gold powder, acrylic binder, and acetone liquid carrier. The slurry is applied to a portion of a surface of the substrate. The substrate with applied slurry is heated in vacuum or inert atmosphere to an elevated temperature, preferably about 2040.degree. F., and thereafter cooled to ambient temperature. The result is an article (30) having at least a portion of the substrate (32) covered with an adherent gold coating (34).

Larger Board Size And Decreasing Firm Value In Small Firms, Theodore Eisenberg, Stefan Sundgren, Martin T. Wells

Cornell Law Faculty Publications

Several studies hypothesize a relation between board size and financial performance. Empirical tests of the relation exist in only a few studies of large U.S. firms. We find a significant negative correlation between board size and profitability in a sample of small and midsize Finnish firms. Finding a board-size effect for a new and different class of firms affects the range of explanations for the board-size effect.

A Longitudinal Study Of Hospitalization Rates For Patients With Chronic Disease: Results From The Medical Outcomes Study., Eugene C. Nelson, Colleen A. Mchorney, Willard G. Manning, W H. Rogers

Dartmouth Scholarship

To prospectively compare inpatient and outpatient utilization rates between prepaid (PPD) and fee-for-service (FFS) insurance coverage for patients with chronic disease. Data from the Medical Outcomes Study, a longitudinal observational study of chronic disease patients conducted in Boston, Chicago, and Los Angeles.A four-year prospective study of resource utilization among 1,681 patients under treatment for hypertension, diabetes, myocardial infarction, or congestive heart failure in the practices of 367 clinicians.

Semi-Permanent Vacuum Closure With Multiple Retubulation Capability, Arthur A. Eneim, Tom K. Evans, Timothy S. Romano, Gary B. Hughes

Statistics

A vacuum system (20) includes an enclosure (22) having a vacuum-tight wall (26) and an internally threaded aperture (66) through the wall (26). A tip-off fitting (24) has a base (50) with a bore (52) therethrough, a hollow tube (62) fixed to the base (50) with a vacuum-tight seal, such that an interior (64) of the tube (62) is in communication with the bore (52) in the base (50), and an external thread (58) on the exterior of the base (50). The external thread (58) on the exterior of the base (50) is dimensioned to threadably engage the internal thread …

Spatial Estimates For Stochastic Flows In Euclidean Space, Salah-Eldin A. Mohammed, Michael K. R. Scheutzow

Articles and Preprints

We study the behavior for large |x| of Kunita-type stochastic flows φ(t, ω, x) on R^d, driven by continuous spatial semimartingales. For this class of flows we prove new spatial estimates for large |x|, under very mild regularity conditions on the driving semimartingale random field. It is expected that the results would be of interest for the theory of stochastic flows on noncompact manifolds as well as in the study of nonlinear filtering, stochastic functional and partial differential equations. Some examples and counterexamples are given.

Further Properties Of An Extremal Set Of Uniqueness, David E. Grow, Matt Insall

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works

Consider the circle group T = R mod 2_ as the interval [0, 1). Then each x 2 T has a binary expansion: x =P1 k=1 xk2−k where each xk is 0 or 1. Let S be the set of x with a binary expansionsuch that the number of 1's does not exceed the number of the leading zeros by more than one. The authors prove that the countable compact set S cannot be expressed as the union of a finite number of Dirichlet sets.

Attractor Dimension Estimates For Two-Dimensional Shear Flows, Charles R. Doering, Xiaoming Wang

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We study the large time behavior of boundary and pressure-gradient driven incompressible fluid flows in elongated two-dimensional channels with emphasis on estimates for their degrees of freedom, i.e., the dimension of the attractor for the solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations. for boundary driven shear flows and flux driven channel flows we present upper bounds for the degrees of freedom of the form ca Re^3/2 where c is a universal constant, a denotes the aspect ratio of the channel (length/width), and Re is the Reynolds number based on the channel width and the imposed "outer" velocity scale. for fixed pressure …

Atomoicity Of Mappings, J. J. Charatonik, W. J. Charatonik

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works

A mapping f:X→Y between continua X and Y is said to be atomic at a subcontinuumK of the domain X provided that f(K) is nondegenerate and K=f^-1(f(K)). The set of subcontinua at which a given mapping is atomic, considered as a subspace of the hyperspace of all subcontinua of X, is studied. The introduced concept is applied to get new characterizations of atomic and monotone mappings. Some related questions are asked.

Arc Approximation Property And Confluence Of Induced Mappings, W. J. Charatonik

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We say that a continuum X has the arc approximation property if every subcontinuum K of X is the limit of a sequence of arcwise connected subcontinua of X all containing a fixed point of K. This property is applied to exhibit a class of continua Y such that confluence of a mapping f : X - Y implies confluence of the induced mappings 2^f : 2^x - @^y and C(f) : C(x) - C(y). The converse implications are studied and similar interrelations are considered for some other classes of mappings, related to confluent ones.

Orthogonal Harmonic Analysis Of Fractal Measures, Palle Jorgensen, Steen Pedersen

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications

We show that certain iteration systems lead to fractal measures admitting an exact orthogonal harmonic analysis.

Unrelieved Pain And Distress In Animals: An Analysis Of Usda Data On Experimental Procedures, Martin Stephens, Philip Mendoza, Adrianna Weaver, Tamara Hamilton

Experimentation Collection

Pain and distress are core issues in the field of animal experimentation and in the controversy that surrounds it. We sought to add to the empirical base of the literature on pain and distress by examining government data on experimental procedures that caused unrelieved pain and distress (UPAD) in animals. Of the species regulated by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), most of the approximately 100,000 animals subjected to UP AD during the year analyzed (1992) were guinea pigs and hamsters. Most of these animals were used in industry laboratories for various testing procedures, primarily vaccine potency testing. We discuss …

Convergence Of Random Walks On The Circle Generated By An Irrational Rotation, Francis E. Su

All HMC Faculty Publications and Research

Fix . Consider the random walk on the circle which proceeds by repeatedly rotating points forward or backward, with probability , by an angle . This paper analyzes the rate of convergence of this walk to the uniform distribution under ``discrepancy'' distance. The rate depends on the continued fraction properties of the number . We obtain bounds for rates when is any irrational, and a sharp rate when is a quadratic irrational. In that case the discrepancy falls as (up to constant factors), where is the number of steps in the walk. This is the first example of a sharp …

Ua56/1 Fact Book, Wku Institutional Research

WKU Archives Records

Statistical and demographic profile of WKU.

Exponential Dichotomy And Mild Solutions Of Nonautonomous Equations In Banach Spaces, Y. Latushkin, Timothy W. Randolph, R. Schnaubelt

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We prove that the exponential dichotomy of a strongly continuous evolution family on a Banach space is equivalent to the existence and uniqueness of continuous bounded mild solutions of the corresponding inhomogeneous equation. This result addresses nonautonomous abstract Cauchy problems with unbounded coefficients. The technique used involves evolution semigroups. Some applications are given to evolution families on scales of Banach spaces arising in center manifolds theory. © 1998 Plenum Publishing Corporation.

Some Harmonic N-Slit Mappings, Michael Dorff

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works

The class SH consists of univalent, harmonic, and sense-preserving functions f in the unit disk, Δ, such that f = h+ḡ where h(z) = z + ∑2∞ akzk g(z) = ∑1∞ bkzk. SHO will denote the subclass with b1 = 0. We present a collection of n-slit mappings (n ≥ 2) and prove that the 2-slit mappings are in SH while for n ≥ 3 the mappings are in SHO. Finally, we show that these mappings establish the sharpness of a previous theorem by Clunie and Sheil-Small while disproving a conjecture about the inner mapping radius. ©1998 American Mathematical Society.

Punitive Awards After Bmw, A New Capping System, And The Reported Opinion Bias, Theodore Eisenberg, Martin T. Wells

Cornell Law Faculty Publications

Capping punitive damages awards is a centerpiece of the tort reform movement. According to the American Tort Reform Association, as of June 30, 1996, forty-three states allowed punitive damages awards. Of these, twenty-nine states impose no caps on punitive damages and fourteen impose some form of cap. In states that cap punitive awards, the preferred method is to employ a simple multiple of the compensatory award. Eleven states rely on a multiple of the compensatory damages award. The most popular multiple is three times the compensatory award, but this is used by only five states. The capping multiples range from …