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Articles 1 - 9 of 9
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Evaluating Parents Sociodemographic Factors And Childhood Vaccine Decisions, Mehret Girmay
Evaluating Parents Sociodemographic Factors And Childhood Vaccine Decisions, Mehret Girmay
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Vaccination is considered one of the most successful public health achievements of the 20th century. However, with increasing vaccine skepticism emerging over the past decades, there is a threat to the ongoing sustainment of vaccine coverage within all US communities. This study evaluated and compared parents’ sociodemographic factors associated with childhood vaccine decisions. This study is a secondary analysis of 893 parents/guardians, age 18-55 years with child(ren) < 7 years living in the U.S.
Predictive analysis was conducted using multinomial logistic regression modeling was used to examine vaccine decisions (accept, hesitant, and refuse) in relation to parents’ sociodemographic factors. Overall, (66.6%) of parents accepted recommended vaccines, while …
On Improving Performance Of The Binary Logistic Regression Classifier, Michael Chang
On Improving Performance Of The Binary Logistic Regression Classifier, Michael Chang
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Logistic Regression, being both a predictive and an explanatory method, is one of the most commonly used statistical and machine learning method in almost all disciplines. There are many situations, however, when the accuracies of the fitted model are low for predicting either the success event or the failure event. Several statistical and machine learning approaches exist in the literature to handle these situations. This thesis presents several new approaches to improve the performance of the fitted model, and the proposed methods have been applied to real datasets.
Transformations of predictors is a common approach in fitting multiple linear and …
Factors Associated With Eosinophilic Esophagitis In Nevada, Julia Lorraine Anderson
Factors Associated With Eosinophilic Esophagitis In Nevada, Julia Lorraine Anderson
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a rare immune-mediated illness with symptoms that range from difficulty swallowing to food impaction of the esophagus. Most published studies have been documented among patients residing in cool regions with significant annual rainfall. No published studies to our knowledge have been performed examining the healthcare utilization trends of EoE in Nevada. Utilizing two unique databases, the factors associated with EoE healthcare utilization patterns in Nevada were examined. All analyses were performed in R version 3.5.1. This study included a demographic and regional analysis identifying risk factors associated with having an EoE healthcare visit in Nevada. Several …
Telomeres, Nutrition And Mortality: Risk Factors For The Rate Of Telomere Length Decline And The Associations Between Telomere Length, Nutrition And Mortality, Saruna Ghimire
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Introduction: Telomeres are nucleoprotein structures located at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, thought to protect the DNA from damage. As a person experiences stressors, harmful exposures, and other diseases throughout their life, telomeres are thought to become damaged and their length shortened, decreasing their ability to protect the DNA. Nutrition is an important aspect of healthy aging. Preservation of telomere length (TL) is thought to be one of the mechanisms by which good nutrition can delay or prevent the development of chronic disease and death. Recent evidence of preservation of TL with good nutrition is promising. Thus, the aim of …
The Effects Of Injury On Running Status And Gait Biomechanics, Kristyne Wiegand
The Effects Of Injury On Running Status And Gait Biomechanics, Kristyne Wiegand
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Over the past several decades, endurance running has grown steadily as a popular form of physical activity. Running is easily accessible, does not require expensive equipment, and can be performed without specific skill training. Individuals who run also experience health benefits like increased cardiovascular health and reduced risk of all-cause morbidity. Despite these benefits, running is also associated with high rates of musculoskeletal injury. Although researchers have attempted to identify injury risks and mitigate the incidence of running injury, there is still no consensus as to why runners become injured. Research has also attempted to identify biomechanical movement patterns that …
K-Tuple Sampling From Partially Rank-Ordered Sets, Marvin Javier
K-Tuple Sampling From Partially Rank-Ordered Sets, Marvin Javier
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
With the introduction of Ranked Set Sampling (RSS), McIntyre (1952) demonstrated that using ranking information to select units for measurement can lead to estimators with reduced variance when compared to their counterparts based on a simple random sample of the same size. This is done by selecting a set of units, and without direct measurement, ranking the units in the set before identifying one unit for measurement. This ranking of the units can be done through judgement ranking (such as visual assessment), or by using a correlated auxiliary variable.
In its original form, RSS does not allow for ties when …
An Analysis Of Postmastectomy Breast Reconstruction Due To Breast Cancer In Nevada And The United States From 2008-2013, Jenna Webb
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Background: In the United States, female breast cancer was the leading cause of new cancer cases from 2011-2015. Since the Women’s Health and Cancer Act of 1998 (WHCRA), the federal government mandates employee and private health insurance providers to cover breast reconstruction if they cover mastectomies. Postmastectomy breast reconstruction (PBR) rates increased after the WHCRA, but these rates have remained relatively low throughout recent years. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine factors associated with women having PBR due to breast cancer in Nevada and the United States from 2008 to 2013. Methods: Using two HCUP database, NIS …
Contributions To Mcmc Methods In Constrained Domains With Applications To Neuroimaging, Sharang Chaudhry
Contributions To Mcmc Methods In Constrained Domains With Applications To Neuroimaging, Sharang Chaudhry
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods form a rich class of computational techniques that help its user ascertain samples from target distributions when direct sampling is not possible or when their closed forms are intractable. Over the years, MCMC methods have been used in innumerable situations due to their flexibility and generalizability, even in situations involving nonlinear and/or highly parametrized models. In this dissertation, two major works relating to MCMC methods are presented.
The first involves the development of a method to identify the number and directions of nerve fibers using diffusion-weighted MRI measurements. For this, the biological problem is …
Health Disparities Among Sexual And Gender Minorities, Jennifer Keeley
Health Disparities Among Sexual And Gender Minorities, Jennifer Keeley
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Decades of research has shown that sexual and gender minorities (SGMs) experience adverse health and mental health outcomes to a greater extent than their heterosexual peers. The need to better understand and eliminate health disparities in the SGM population was recognized by the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD) at NIH. The Secretary of Health at the Department of Health and Human Services approved the designation of the SGM population as a health disparities population in 2016 and called for SGM studies to examine the health needs of the SGM population across SGM subgroups via large representative …