Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Nitrate Plus Nitrite Concentrations In A Himalayan Ice Core, William Berry Lyons, Paul Andrew Mayewski

Earth Science Faculty Scholarship

The measurement of chemical constituents in glacial ice has been useful in discerning historic trends in chemical deposition and hence paleo-atmospheric records in remote areas (Thompson and Mosley - Thompson, 1981; Johnson and Chamberlain, 1981; Ng and Patterson, 1981; Neftel et al., 1982). However, delineating the sources of the deposited chemical species in question is not always straightforward. This has been especially true for nitrate. Although it is now believed that man-made emissions are responsible for a high percentage of nitrate being deposited in remote areas of the Northern Hemisphere, numerous natural sources, named and unnamed, have also contributed to …

Disposal Of Household Wastewater In Soils Of High Stone Content (1981-1983), E. M. Rutledge, C. R. Mote, D. T. Mitchell, M. S. Hirsch, M. D. Harper, H. D. Scott, C. L. Griffis

Technical Reports

Four experimental filter fields were constructed with built-in monitoring equipment in Nixa soils. These soils contain many chert fragments and a fragipan about 60 cm below the soil surface. The fragipan restricts downward movement of water and is the designlimitingfeature. The four filter fields were: 1. A "standard" filter field, 76 cm deep. The bottom of the trench was in the fragipan. 2. A "modified standard" filter field, 30 cm deep. The bottom of the trench was above the fragipan. 3. A "modified pressure" filter field, 40 cm deep. The bottom of the trench was above the fragipan. In addition, …

Ua12/2/1 Magazine, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

Special magazine edition of the College Heights Herald, featuring articles:

• Humphreys, Mack. Beneath Bowling Green – Lost River Cave
• Malmer, Victoria. Food for Body, Food for Soul – Louis Cook
• Thomas, Steve. Coming Home – Bob Buster, Vietnam

Pamunkey River Slack Water Data Report : Temperature, Salinity, Dissolved Oxygen, 1970 - 1980, T. J. Brooks

Reports

This report contains station locations, survey schedules, field procedures, sample handling procedures, and data reduction and storage procedures. In addition, 11 years of contoured temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen data is presented.

Mattaponi River Slack Water Data Report : Temperature, Salinity, Dissolved Oxygen, 1970 - 1980, T. J. Brooks

Reports

This report contains station locations, survey schedules, field procedures, sample handling procedures, and data reduction and storage procedures. In addition, 9 years of contoured temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen data is presented.

Rappahannock River Slack Water Data Report: Temperature, Salinity, Dissolved Oxygen 1970-1980, T. J. Brooks

Reports

This report contains station locations, survey schedules, field procedures, sample handling procedures, and data reduction and storage procedures. In addition, 11 years of contoured temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen data is presented.

Postmarsupial Development And Growth Of Pagurapseudes Largoensis Mcsweeny (Crustacea, Tanaidacea), Charles G. Messing

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

Postmarsupial development of the gastropod shell-inhabiting tanaidacean Pagurapseudes largoensis McSweeny is described and compared with that of Heterotanais oerstedii (Krøyer) and Neotanais micromopher Gardiner. This is the first such study of an apseudomorphan based on experimentally reared animals. P. largoensis is gonochoristic; two manca instars are typical of all tanaidaceans so far investigated. In females, the mancas are followed by two or possibly three juvenile instars (=neutra), one or two preparatory instars characterized by rudimentary oostegites, and a copulatory stage with complete marsupium. Laboratory maintained animals pass through up to three copulatory stages, each separated by a preparatory stage of …

Volume 7, Number 7 (July 1983), The Solar Ocean Energy Liaison

The OTEC Liaison

No abstract provided.

Modeling Surface And Subsurface Stormflow On Steeply-Sloping Forested Watersheds, Patrick G. Sloan, Ian D. Moore, George B. Coltharp, Joseph D. Eigel

KWRRI Research Reports

A simple conceptual rainfall-runoff model, based on the variable source area concept, was developed for predicting runoff from small, steep-sloped, forested Appalachian watersheds. Tests of the model showed that the predicted and observed daily discharges were in good agreement. The results demonstrate the ability of the model to simulate the "flashy" hydrologic behavior of these watersheds.

Five subsurface flow models were evaluated by application to existing data measured at Coweeta on a reconstructed homogeneous forest soil. The five models were: Nieber 's 2-D and 1-D finite element models (based on Richards' equation), the kinematic wave equation, and two simple storage …

Volume 7, Number 6 (June 1983), The Solar Ocean Energy Liaison

The OTEC Liaison

No abstract provided.

A Systematic Study To Reduce Trihalomethane Precursors In Little Rock Drinking Water By Combined Alum Coagulation-Powdered Activated Carbon Treatment, Ali U. Shaikh

Technical Reports

Studies have been conducted to evaluate powdered activated carbon (PAC) as an agent for controlling trihalomethanes in drinking water. Laboratory studies indicate that PAC is highly efficient in removing free trihalomethanes in water within a few hours. The removal efficiency of humic acid, a known THM precursor, by PAC is considerably less. However, longer treatment time can remove the precursors quite significantly. Humic substances in surface water samples can also be removed by PAC.

Disposal Of Household Wastewater In Soils Of High Stone Content (1977-1980), E. M. Rutledge, C. R. Mote, M. S. Hirsh, H. D. Scott, D. T. Mitchell

Technical Reports

Two experimental septic tank filter fields were constructed with built-in monitoring equipment in Nixa soils. These soils contain many chert fragments and a fragipan about 60 cm deep which restricts downward water movement and is the design-limiting feature. The standard filter field (76 cm deep) was built into the fragipan and the modified standard filter field (30 cm deep) was placed above it. During 30 months' observation, the modified standard performed better than the standard filter field. Maximum rise of effluent in the standard and modified standard came within 11 and 19 cm of the soil surface, respectively. Performance of …

Causes Of Localized Copper Corrosion In Drinking Water Supplies, R. A. Sims, R. W. Raible

Technical Reports

Excessive amounts of copper have been observed in drinking water at certain installations on Lake DeGray and at isolated locations in the Arkadelphia area of Arkansas. A study of these installations was conducted to determine the source of the copper contamination. The supply water was very low in copper and therefore dissolution of the copper plumbing caused by low water pH and long residence times was determined to be the most probable source.

Effects Of Sewage Pollution In The White River, Arkansas On Benthos And Leaf Detritus Decomposition, Arthur V. Brown, Lawrence D. Willis, Peter P. Brussock

Technical Reports

Recently there has been much emphasis placed on the importance of leaf detritus processing to the energetics of stream invertebrates. This study was designed primarily to assess the effects of municipal effluent on the ability of a stream community to utilize leaf detritus, and secondarily to evaluate the extent of the pollution of the White River by the Fayetteville, Arkansas effluent discharge. Physical and chemical water quality, benthos, and fish were sampled periodically at one station upstream and two stations downstream from the discharge, and in the Richland Creek tributary. Processing of leaf detritus was studied at each site using …

Volume 7, Number 5 (May 1983), The Solar Ocean Energy Liaison

The OTEC Liaison

No abstract provided.

Chemistry Of The Springs Of The Ozark Mountains, Northwestern Arkansas, Kenneth F. Steele

Technical Reports

Three lead-zinc mineralized areas of northern Arkansas were selected to study the effect of mineralization on ground water chemistry. The Ponca area has the largest amount of lead sulfide mineralization, the Zinc area has a significant amount of zinc silicate and zinc sulfide; whereas, the Rush area has zinc carbonate and zinc sulfide. A total of 143 samples were collected from these areas and analyzed for general water chemistry parameters including heavy metal The water quality of the area is generally good; however, a few springs exceed the drinking water standards for ammonia, nitrate, iron, manganese and lead. The surface …

Volume 7, Number 4 (April 1983), The Solar Ocean Energy Liaison

The OTEC Liaison

No abstract provided.

Monitoring Of Groundwater Levels For Real-Time Conjunctive Water Management, Richard C. Peralta, Vince Mazure, Paul Dutram

Technical Reports

Water users in the Arkansas Grand Prairie wish to maintain sufficient groundwater levels to: insure adequate groundwater reserves for time of drought, protect themselves from litigation caused by wells going dry, and insure a sustained yield. Achievement of these goals requires regular measurement of groundwater levels. Review of monitoring practice and technology indicates that spring and fall measurements taken over the entire area using steel tape and acoustic device is preferred for most long range planning. Continuous monitoring is indicated for critical parts of the region where saturated thicknesses are small. Desirable attributes of a data collection/transmission system for such …

Evaluation And Accessing Of Data For A Water Resources Simulator, Richard C. Peralta, Roberto Arce, Timothy Skergan

Technical Reports

This report evaluates the availability of data needed to use a groundwater simulation model for real time conjunctive water management in the Arkansas Grand Prairie. It is assumed that the goal of such management is to protect existing groundwater rights by maintaining water levels so that wells do not go dry, even in time of drought. Sufficient hydrogeologic data exists to use the simulation model to predict the effect of known pumping rates on groundwater levels. Developing an optimal set of "target" levels and annually managing pumping to achieve those levels requires additional data: fall groundwater levels, degree of connection …

Nutrients And Acid In The Rain And Dry Fallout At Fayetteville, Arkansas (1980-1982), George H. Wagner, Kenneth F. Steele

Technical Reports

Wet and dry fallout at Fayetteville, Arkansas have been collected separately and analyzed since April, 1980. The precipitation-weighted-average pH for two yearly periods of rainfall were 4.72 (6/80-5/81) and 4.75 (6/81-5/82). This corresponds to a concentration of the acid ion, H+, of about 18 parts per billion (ppb). Pure water in equilibrium with the CO2 of the air would have a pH of 5.65 (2.2 ppb of H+). The range of pH during this two year period was 3.86-7.74(140-0 ppb H+) for the rainfall. Aqueous extracts of the dry fallout were always in the 6.75-7.87 pH range, i.e., neutral to …

A Survey Of Soils Irrigated With Arkansas River Water, John T. Gilmour, H. D. Scott, R. E. Baser

Technical Reports

Interest in the use of Arkansas River water for irrigation has increased recently as land adjacent to the river is converted to crop production and river water is considered as an alternative to depleted underground supplies. Since the Arkansas River can contain elevated concentrations of sodium chloride, this study was designed to determine if soil conditions adverse to crop growth were developing where river water has been used. The impact of river water on sites where river water was used as either the sole source for up to 3 years or as a supplement to another surface source for up …

The Costs And Benefits Of Soil Erosion Control In The North Lake Chicot Watershed, Robert N. Shulstad, C. Tim Osborn, Alan D. Mcqueen

Technical Reports

Lake Chicot is divided by a levee into two basins, the high quality northern basin and the extremely polluted southern basin. Water quality in the northern basin of Lake Chicot is diminishing due to soil erosion. Costs for alternative control programs for the seventeen fare, 11,470 acre northern watershed were estimated. Twenty-nine combinations of rotations and best management practices were evaluated. Soil loss can be reduced almost 25 percent from 4.2 tons per acre to 3.2 tons per acre, while increasing net returns to farmers from $83.94 per acre to $107.28 per acre by altering present cropping patterns. A prohibition …

Expansion Potential For Irrigation Within The Mississippi Delta Region, Robert N. Shulstad, Ralph D. May, Jon Mark Erstine, Blake N. Phillips, Billy E. Herrington Jr.

Technical Reports

17.6 million acres, or 73 percent, of the Mississippi Delta Region is currently cropland and possesses the physical characteristics of slope, texture and soil type which are recommended for irrigation. Economic feasibility of expanding irrigation by flood, furrow and center pivot methods were examined under 24 scenarios representing two sets of crop prices, yield levels, production costs, opportunity costs and six crop rotations. Irrigation was economically feasible for 56 to 100 percent of the cropland across all scenarios. Approximately 88 percent of the cropland can be economically irrigated with flood or furrow in its present form, 8 percent yield highest …

The Effects Of Forest Harvest On Water Quality And Aquatic Life (Phase I), Edmond J. Bacon

Technical Reports

A long term study on the effects of clearcut forest harvest and regeneration was conducted in a representative watershed of the Ouachita National Forest. Fourteen water quality parameters were analyzed to characterize baseline water quality. Water quality was classified as excellent. A total of 350 quantitative benthic samples and 15 ultraviolet light trap samples yielded 173 species of macroinvertebrates. Mean densities of macroinvertebrates ranged from 4,800/m2 to 23,040/m2 and averaged 12,499/m2 in the upper Little Missouri River. Twenty-two quantitative collections of fishes were made at representative riffles and pools. The average biomass estimates for riffles and pools were 5.69 kg/ha …

Volume 7, Number 3 (March 1983), The Solar Ocean Energy Liaison

The OTEC Liaison

No abstract provided.

Industries Assistance Commission Inquiry Into Drought Assistance, Department Of Agriculture And Food, Western Australia, Australia. Industries Assistance Commission, J. Ripley

All other publications

This submission outlines the extent of drought in Western Australia in 1982/83, examines the adequacy of drought assistance measures and, after canvassing alternative assistance measures, proposes a preferred package of drought assistance measures.

The issue of whether or not the non-farm sector in rural areas should receive drought assistance, and if so what type, is not addressed in this submission. Rather the framework of discussion is restricted to the farm sector.

Volume 7, Number 2 (February 1983), The Solar Ocean Energy Liaison

The OTEC Liaison

No abstract provided.

Precise And Accurate Determination By Infrared Photometry Of Co2 Dynamics In Marine Ecosystems, Kenneth M. Johnson, Curtis M. Burney, John Mcn. Sieburth

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

Preliminary studies with an ampule analyzing unit and infrared (IR) detector showed that procedures for standardization and determination of total carbon dioxide (ΣCO₂), while often precise, lacked the accuracy required to estimate the net productivity and respiration of aquatic ecosystems during studies in which sampling over diel cycles was used. Scaling down sample and standard volumes to the µl range and the use of a commercial sodium carbonate standard without dilution before and after replicate sample injections gave accurate results as shown by comparison with indirect (pH-alkalinity) ΣCO₂, determinations with a standard error of ±3 µmoles …

Ice Mass Fluctuations In Northernvictoria Land, Paul Andrew Mayewski

Earth Science Faculty Scholarship

[From the introduction] Rennick Glacier is one of the major ice drainages for the northern Victoria Land sector of East Antarctica. Unlike glaciers farther south along the Transantarctic Mountains, Rennick Glacier does not drain into the Ross Ice Shelf but flows directly into a seasonally ice-covered ocean. Therefore, current fluctuations of this glacier are unhampered by the dampening effects of the Ross Ice Shelf. The primary controls on the activity of this glacier and others in this region are mass balance and sea level.

Oilseed Agronomy, A G. Mckay

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Seeding rates for Wesbrook 83MT56 Interstate rapeseed variety testing 83MT47 Fusilade on rapeseed 83MT57 Triazine resistant rapeseed 83MT55 Rapeseed windrowing - time of harvest 83MA9