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Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

2014

Articles 1 - 9 of 9

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Comparison Of Upper Tropospheric Carbon Monoxide From Mopitt, Ace-Fts, And Hippo-Qcls, Sara Martínez-Alonzo, Merritt N. Deeter, Helen M. Worden, John C. Gille, Louisa K. Emmons, Laura L. Pan, Mijeong Park, Gloria L. Manney, Peter F. Bernath, Chris D. Boone Dec 2014

Comparison Of Upper Tropospheric Carbon Monoxide From Mopitt, Ace-Fts, And Hippo-Qcls, Sara Martínez-Alonzo, Merritt N. Deeter, Helen M. Worden, John C. Gille, Louisa K. Emmons, Laura L. Pan, Mijeong Park, Gloria L. Manney, Peter F. Bernath, Chris D. Boone

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Products from the Measurements Of Pollution In The Troposphere (MOPITT) instrument are regularly validated using in situ airborne measurements. However, few of these measurements reach into the upper troposphere, thus hindering MOPITT validation in that region. Here we evaluate upper tropospheric (~500 hPa to the tropopause) MOPITT CO profiles by comparing them to satellite Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) retrievals and to measurements from the High-performance Instrumented Airborne Platform for Environmental Research Pole to Pole Observations (HIPPO) Quantum Cascade Laser Spectrometer (QCLS). Direct comparison of colocated v5 MOPITT thermal infrared-only retrievals, v3.0 ACE-FTS retrievals, and HIPPO-QCLS measurements shows …

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Distinguishing Molecular Characteristics Of Aerosol Water Soluble Organic Matter From The 2011 Trans-North Atlantic Us Geotraces Cruise, A. S. Wozniak, A. S. Willoughby, S. C. Gurganus, Patrick G. Hatcher Jan 2014

Distinguishing Molecular Characteristics Of Aerosol Water Soluble Organic Matter From The 2011 Trans-North Atlantic Us Geotraces Cruise, A. S. Wozniak, A. S. Willoughby, S. C. Gurganus, Patrick G. Hatcher

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

The molecular characteristics of aerosol organic matter (OM) determines to a large extent its impacts on the atmospheric radiative budget and ecosystem function in terrestrial and aquatic environments, yet the OM molecular details of aerosols from different sources are not well established. Aerosol particulate samples with North American-influenced, North African-influenced, and marine (minimal recent continental influence) air mass back trajectories were collected as part of the 2011 trans-North Atlantic US GEOTRACES cruise and analyzed for their water soluble OM (WSOM) molecular characteristics using electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis (PCA) separated the samples into …

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Compositions And Constituents Of Freshwater Dissolved Organic Matter Isolated By Reverse Osmosis, Yulong Zhang, Wen Huang, Jingdong Mao Jan 2014

Compositions And Constituents Of Freshwater Dissolved Organic Matter Isolated By Reverse Osmosis, Yulong Zhang, Wen Huang, Jingdong Mao

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) from riverine and lacustrine water was isolated using a reverse osmosis (RO) system. Solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) was used to quantitatively evaluate the compositions and constituents of DOM, which are compared with previous investigations on marine DOM. Results indicated that concentration factor (CF) was a key metric controlling yield and sorption of DOM on the RO system. The sorption was likely non-selective, based on the 13C NMR and δ13C analyses. Carbohydrates and lipids accounted for 25.0–41.5% and 30.2–46.3% of the identifiable DOM, followed by proteins (18.2–19.8%) and …

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A Molecular-Level Approach For Characterizing Water-Insoluble Components Of Ambient Organic Aerosol Particulates Using Ultrahigh-Resolution Mass Spectrometry, A. S. Willoughby, A. S. Wozniak, Patrick G. Hatcher Jan 2014

A Molecular-Level Approach For Characterizing Water-Insoluble Components Of Ambient Organic Aerosol Particulates Using Ultrahigh-Resolution Mass Spectrometry, A. S. Willoughby, A. S. Wozniak, Patrick G. Hatcher

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

The chemical composition of organic aerosols in the atmosphere is strongly influenced by human emissions. The effect these have on the environment, human health, and climate change is determined by the molecular nature of these chemical species. The complexity of organic aerosol samples limits the ability to study the chemical composition, and therefore the associated properties and the impacts they have. Many studies have addressed the watersoluble fraction of organic aerosols and have had much success in identifying specific molecular formulas for thousands of compounds present. However, little attention is given to the water-insoluble portion, which can contain most of …

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Validation Of Mipas Imk/Iaa V5r_O3_224 Ozone Profiles, A. Laeng, U. Grabowski, T. Von Clarmann, G. Stiller, N. Glatthor, M. Höpfner, S. Kellmann, M. Kiefer, A. Linden, S. Lossow, P. F. Bernath Jan 2014

Validation Of Mipas Imk/Iaa V5r_O3_224 Ozone Profiles, A. Laeng, U. Grabowski, T. Von Clarmann, G. Stiller, N. Glatthor, M. Höpfner, S. Kellmann, M. Kiefer, A. Linden, S. Lossow, P. F. Bernath

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

We present the results of an extensive validation program of the most recent version of ozone vertical profiles retrieved with the IMK/IAA (Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research/Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia) MIPAS (Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding) research level 2 processor from version 5 spectral level 1 data. The time period covered corresponds to the reduced spectral resolution period of the MIPAS instrument, i.e., January 2005-April 2012. The comparison with satellite instruments includes all post-2005 satellite limb and occultation sensors that have measured the vertical profiles of tropospheric and stratospheric ozone: ACE-FTS, GOMOS, HALOE, HIRDLS, MLS, OSIRIS, POAM, …

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Global Stratospheric Fluorine Inventory For 2004-2009 From Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (Ace-Fts) Measurements And Slimcat Model Simulations, A. T. Brown, M. P. Chipperfield, N. A. D. Richards, C. Boone, P. F. Bernath Jan 2014

Global Stratospheric Fluorine Inventory For 2004-2009 From Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (Ace-Fts) Measurements And Slimcat Model Simulations, A. T. Brown, M. P. Chipperfield, N. A. D. Richards, C. Boone, P. F. Bernath

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Fluorine-containing species can be extremely effective atmospheric greenhouse gases. We present fluorine budgets using organic and inorganic species retrieved by the ACE-FTS satellite instrument supplemented with output from the SLIMCAT 3-D chemical transport model. The budgets are calculated between 2004 and 2009 for a number of latitude bands: 70-30 °N, 30-00 °N, 00 °N-30 °S, and 30-70°S. At lower altitudes total fluorine profiles are dominated by the contribution from CFC-12, up to an altitude of 20 km in the extra-tropics and 29 km in the tropics; above these altitudes the profiles are dominated by hydrogen fluoride (HF). Our data show …

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Derivation Of Tropospheric Methane From Tccon Ch4 And Hf Total Column Observations, K. M. Saad, D. Wunch, P. Bernath, C. Boone, B. Connor, N. M. Deutscher, D.W.T. Griffith, R. Kivi, J. Notholt, C. Roehl, M. Schneider, V. Sherlock, P. O. Wennberg Jan 2014

Derivation Of Tropospheric Methane From Tccon Ch4 And Hf Total Column Observations, K. M. Saad, D. Wunch, P. Bernath, C. Boone, B. Connor, N. M. Deutscher, D.W.T. Griffith, R. Kivi, J. Notholt, C. Roehl, M. Schneider, V. Sherlock, P. O. Wennberg

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

The Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) is a global ground-based network of Fourier transform spectrometers that produce precise measurements of column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of atmospheric methane (CH4). Temporal variability in the total column of CH4 due to stratospheric dynamics obscures fluctuations and trends driven by tropospheric transport and local surface fluxes that are critical for understanding CH4 sources and sinks. We reduce the contribution of stratospheric variability from the total column average by subtracting an estimate of the stratospheric CH4 derived from simultaneous measurements of hydrogen fluoride (HF). HF provides a proxy for …

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Technical Note: Swift - A Fast Semi-Empirical Model For Polar Stratospheric Ozone Loss, M. Rex, S. Kremser, P. Huck, G. Bodeker, I. Wohltmann, M. L. Santee, P. F. Bernath Jan 2014

Technical Note: Swift - A Fast Semi-Empirical Model For Polar Stratospheric Ozone Loss, M. Rex, S. Kremser, P. Huck, G. Bodeker, I. Wohltmann, M. L. Santee, P. F. Bernath

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

An extremely fast model to estimate the degree of stratospheric ozone depletion during polar winters is described. It is based on a set of coupled differential equations that simulate the seasonal evolution of vortex-averaged hydrogen chloride (HCl), nitric acid (HNO3), chlorine nitrate (ClONO2), active forms of chlorine (ClOx = Cl+ClO+2ClOOCl) and ozone (O3) on isentropic levels within the polar vortices. Terms in these equations account for the chemical and physical processes driving the time rate of change of these species. Eight empirical fit coefficients associated with these terms are derived by iteratively fitting the equations …

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Middle Atmospheric Changes Caused By The January And March 2012 Solar Proton Events, C. H. Jackman, C. E. Randall, V. L. Harvey, S. Wang, E. L. Fleming, M. López-Puertas, B. Funke, P. F. Bernath Jan 2014

Middle Atmospheric Changes Caused By The January And March 2012 Solar Proton Events, C. H. Jackman, C. E. Randall, V. L. Harvey, S. Wang, E. L. Fleming, M. López-Puertas, B. Funke, P. F. Bernath

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

The recent 23-30 January and 7-11 March 2012 solar proton event (SPE) periods were substantial and caused significant impacts on the middle atmosphere. These were the two largest SPE periods of solar cycle 24 so far. The highly energetic solar protons produced considerable ionization of the neutral atmosphere as well as HOx (H, OH, HO2) and NOx (N, NO, NO2). We compute a NOx production of 1.9 and 2.1 Gigamoles due to these SPE periods in January and March 2012, respectively, which places these SPE periods among the 12 largest in the past 50 yr. Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) …

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