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Articles 1 - 21 of 21
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Understanding The Role Of The Jet Streams And Gulf Stream Eddies On The Northwest Atlantic Marine Heatwaves, Lydia Rose Duncan Sims
Understanding The Role Of The Jet Streams And Gulf Stream Eddies On The Northwest Atlantic Marine Heatwaves, Lydia Rose Duncan Sims
Theses and Dissertations
The Northwest (NW) Atlantic is one of the fastest warming regions in the global ocean and in the recent decade has experienced several extreme temperature events. These extreme anomalous temperature events are known as Marine Heatwaves (MHWs), which are forced by a variety of physical processes that affect the heat source and sink of the water column. These MHWs have been increasing globally in duration and frequency due to anthropogenic warming, and have increased ecological damage seen in mass mortality events of economically viable species. Within the NW Atlantic, several key processes encourage the formation of MHWs, such as the …
Soil Organic Matter Diagenetic State Informs Boreal Forest Ecosystem Feedbacks To Climate Change, Allison N. Myers-Pigg, Karl Kaiser, Ronald Benner, Susan E. Ziegler
Soil Organic Matter Diagenetic State Informs Boreal Forest Ecosystem Feedbacks To Climate Change, Allison N. Myers-Pigg, Karl Kaiser, Ronald Benner, Susan E. Ziegler
Faculty Publications
The fate of soil organic carbon (SOC) in boreal forests is dependent on the integrative ecosystem response to climate change. For example, boreal forest productivity is often nitrogen (N) limited, and climate warming can enhance N cycling and primary productivity. However, the net effect of this feedback on the SOC reservoir and its longevity with climate change remain unclear due to difficulty in detecting small differences between large and variable carbon (C) fluxes needed to determine net changes in soil reservoirs. The diagenetic state of SOC – resulting from the physicochemical and biological transformations that alter the original biomolecular composition …
Sources And Cycling Of Neodymium And Rare Earth Elements In The Arctic Amerasian Basin And Bering Sea, Brian D. Duggan
Sources And Cycling Of Neodymium And Rare Earth Elements In The Arctic Amerasian Basin And Bering Sea, Brian D. Duggan
Theses and Dissertations
The isotopic composition of dissolved neodymium (143Nd/144Nd, expressed as εNd) behaves quasi-conservatively in the ocean and has been used as a palaeoceanographic tracer of ocean circulation. The εNd value of water masses is acquired—and often altered—during interaction with sediments along the margins; however, the processes involved in seawater εNd acquisition remains poorly characterized and quantified. Here we report the results of 349 Nd isotope and 354 rare earth element (REE) concentration measurements from 27 water column profiles across the Bering shelf and through the Arctic Amerasian Basin collected during U.S. Arctic GEOTRACES cruise HLY1502 (GEOTRACES section …
Arctic Ocean And Subarctic Seas Dynamics In A Changing Climate, Sarah B. Hall
Arctic Ocean And Subarctic Seas Dynamics In A Changing Climate, Sarah B. Hall
Theses and Dissertations
Salinity is the primary determinant of the Arctic Ocean’s vertical density stratification in the upper ocean, which has major implications on the ocean’s physical dynamics alongside a period of rapidly declining sea ice. In recent decades, the Arctic’s freshwater content (FWC) has increased as a result of the accumulation of freshwater source inputs. Additional freshwater exported to the North Atlantic may hinder overturning processes that are vital to the regulation of global climate. This dissertation employs in situ measurements, satellite observations, and ocean model simulations to better understand salinity and freshwater changes in the Arctic Ocean during this changing climate. …
Tropical Cyclone And Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions In The Gulf Of Mexico, Emily Nichole Eley
Tropical Cyclone And Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions In The Gulf Of Mexico, Emily Nichole Eley
Theses and Dissertations
The Gulf of Mexico (GoM) is historically a favorable region for the formation, maintenance and intensification of tropical cyclones that frequently evolve into powerful hurricanes. These natural disasters threaten the basin’s innate habitat and wildlife diversity, and the expansive coastal economies and communities. The dominant ocean circulation feature in the GoM is the Loop Current System (LCS) which includes the Loop Current (LC) and its associated mesoscale eddy field. The LC originates at the Yucatán Channel, loops anticyclonically into the basin, and ends at the Florida Straits; further it produces both anticyclonic and cyclonic eddies. The existence of the LCS …
Carbon In The Deep Biosphere: Forms, Fates, And Biogeochemical Cycling, Susan Q. Lang, Magdalena R. Osburn, Andrew D. Steen
Carbon In The Deep Biosphere: Forms, Fates, And Biogeochemical Cycling, Susan Q. Lang, Magdalena R. Osburn, Andrew D. Steen
Faculty Publications
Building on the synthesis of carbon reservoirs in Earth's subsurface, this chapter focuses on the forms, cycling, and fate of the carbon supporting microbial life in the terrestrial and marine subsurface. As the subsurface is estimated to host a vast reservoir of life on Earth, identifying the carbon compounds that life uses for energy and growth is key to understanding ecosystem functioning in the past and at present, and also for extrapolating these findings to the search for life in the universe. This chapter highlights advances in quantifying small carbon compounds, measuring rates of carbon turnover, and the fate of …
Serpentinization: Connecting Geochemistry, Ancient Metabolism And Industrial Hydrogenation, Martina Preiner, Joana C. Xavier, Fliipa L. Sousa, Verena Zimorski, Anna Neubeck, Susan Q. Lang, H. Chris Greenwell, Karl Kleinermanns, Harun Tüysüz, Tom M. Mccollom, Nils G. Holm, William F. Martin
Serpentinization: Connecting Geochemistry, Ancient Metabolism And Industrial Hydrogenation, Martina Preiner, Joana C. Xavier, Fliipa L. Sousa, Verena Zimorski, Anna Neubeck, Susan Q. Lang, H. Chris Greenwell, Karl Kleinermanns, Harun Tüysüz, Tom M. Mccollom, Nils G. Holm, William F. Martin
Faculty Publications
Rock–water–carbon interactions germane to serpentinization in hydrothermal vents have occurred for over 4 billion years, ever since there was liquid water on Earth. Serpentinization converts iron(II) containing minerals and water to magnetite (Fe3O4) plus H2. The hydrogen can generate native metals such as awaruite (Ni3Fe), a common serpentinization product. Awaruite catalyzes the synthesis of methane from H2 and CO2 under hydrothermal conditions. Native iron and nickel catalyze the synthesis of formate, methanol, acetate, and pyruvate—intermediates of the acetyl-CoA pathway, the most ancient pathway of CO2 fixation. Carbon monoxide dehydrogenase …
An Implementation Strategy To Quantify The Marine Microbial Carbon Pump And Its Sensitivity To Global Change, Carol Robinson, Douglas Wallace, Jung-Ho Hyun, Luca Polimene, Ronald Benner, Yao Zhang, Ruanhong Cai, Rui Zhang, Nianzhi Jiao
An Implementation Strategy To Quantify The Marine Microbial Carbon Pump And Its Sensitivity To Global Change, Carol Robinson, Douglas Wallace, Jung-Ho Hyun, Luca Polimene, Ronald Benner, Yao Zhang, Ruanhong Cai, Rui Zhang, Nianzhi Jiao
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Mixing It Up In The Ocean Carbon Cycle And The Removal Of Refractory Dissolved Organic Carbon, Yuan Shen, Ronald Benner
Mixing It Up In The Ocean Carbon Cycle And The Removal Of Refractory Dissolved Organic Carbon, Yuan Shen, Ronald Benner
Faculty Publications
A large quantity of reduced carbon is sequestered in the ocean as refractory dissolved molecules that persist through several circuits of global overturning circulation. Key aspects of the cycling of refractory dissolved organic carbon (DOC) remain unknown, making it challenging to predict how this large carbon reservoir will respond to climate change. Herein we investigate mechanisms that remove refractory DOC using bioassay experiments with DOC isolated from surface, mesopelagic and deep waters of the Atlantic Ocean. The isolated DOC was refractory to degradation by native microbial communities, even at elevated concentrations. However, when the refractory DOC was introduced to a …
Shelf Cross-Shore Flows Under Storm-Driven Conditions: Role Of Stratification, Shoreline Orientation, And Bathymetry., Xiaodong Wu, Nirnimesh Kumar, George Voulgaris
Shelf Cross-Shore Flows Under Storm-Driven Conditions: Role Of Stratification, Shoreline Orientation, And Bathymetry., Xiaodong Wu, Nirnimesh Kumar, George Voulgaris
Faculty Publications
Numerical simulations are used to study the response of Long Bay, SC (USA), a typical coastal embayment with curved coastline located on the South Atlantic Bight, to realistic, climatologically defined, synoptic storm forcing. Synoptic storms, consisting of cold and warm 25 fronts as well as tropical storms, are used as forcing under both mixed and stratified initial conditions. The analysis focuses on the development of cross-shore shelf circulation and the relative contributions of regionally defined cross-shore winds and alongshore bathymetric variation. The simulation results show that, under stratified conditions, the regionally defined offshore directed wind component promotes upwelling during the …
Biochemical And Structural Controls On The Decomposition Dynamics Of Boreal Upland Forest Moss Tissues, Michael Philben, Sara Butler, Sharon A. Billings, Ronald Benner, Kate A. Edwards, Susan E. Ziegler
Biochemical And Structural Controls On The Decomposition Dynamics Of Boreal Upland Forest Moss Tissues, Michael Philben, Sara Butler, Sharon A. Billings, Ronald Benner, Kate A. Edwards, Susan E. Ziegler
Faculty Publications
Mosses contribute an average of 20 % of boreal upland forest net primary productivity and are frequently observed to degrade slowly compared to vascular plants. If this is caused primarily by the chemical complexity of their tissues, moss decomposition could exhibit high temperature sensitivity (measured as Q10) due to high activation energy, which would imply that soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks derived from moss remains are especially vulnerable to decomposition with warming. Alternatively, the physical structure of the moss cell-wall biochemical matrix could inhibit decomposition, resulting in low decay rates and low temperature sensitivity. We tested these hypotheses by …
A Recent Project Shows That The Microbial Carbon Pump Is A Primary Mechanism Driving Ocean Carbon Uptake, Jing M. Chen, Louis Legendre, Ronald Benner
A Recent Project Shows That The Microbial Carbon Pump Is A Primary Mechanism Driving Ocean Carbon Uptake, Jing M. Chen, Louis Legendre, Ronald Benner
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Biological Hot Spots And The Accumulation Of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter In A Highly Productive Ocean Margin, Yuan Shen, Cédric G. Fichot, Sheng-Kang Liang, Ronald Benner
Biological Hot Spots And The Accumulation Of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter In A Highly Productive Ocean Margin, Yuan Shen, Cédric G. Fichot, Sheng-Kang Liang, Ronald Benner
Faculty Publications
Concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and major biochemicals (amino acids and carbohydrates) were measured during five cruises (2009–2010) to the Louisiana margin in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Concentrations of amino acids and carbohydrates were elevated at mid-salinities and were indicative of plankton production of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in surface waters. Hot spots of two compositionally distinct types of labile DOM were identified based on the relative abundances of amino acids and carbohydrates. Amino acid-rich hot spots occurred sporadically in regions of high phytoplankton biomass and were mostly observed between dusk and dawn, reflecting a grazing source. In …
Isotopic (Δ13c, Δ14c) Analysis Of Organic Acids In Marine Samples Using Wet Chemical Oxidation, Susan Q. Lang, G. L. Früh-Green, S. M. Bernasconi, L. Wacker
Isotopic (Δ13c, Δ14c) Analysis Of Organic Acids In Marine Samples Using Wet Chemical Oxidation, Susan Q. Lang, G. L. Früh-Green, S. M. Bernasconi, L. Wacker
Faculty Publications
We present a method for the isolation and off-line isotope analysis of formate and acetate in marine samples. Organic acids are separated by high performance liquid chromatography and collected in glass Exetainer® screw-capped vials that have been prespiked with an oxidant and flushed with helium. The vials are subsequently heated to convert the organic compounds to CO2 for radiocarbon and δ13C analysis. Small aliquots are sampled for measurement of δ13C by isotope ratio mass spectrometry, whereas the majority of the CO2 is saved for radiocarbon analysis by accelerator mass spectrometry using a gas ion …
A Physiochemically Constrained Seawater Culturing System For Production Of Benthic Foraminifera, Christopher J. Hintz, G. Thomas Chandler, Jay M. Bernhardt, Daniel C. Mccorkle, Suzanne M. Havach, Jessica K. Blanks, Timothy J. Shaw
A Physiochemically Constrained Seawater Culturing System For Production Of Benthic Foraminifera, Christopher J. Hintz, G. Thomas Chandler, Jay M. Bernhardt, Daniel C. Mccorkle, Suzanne M. Havach, Jessica K. Blanks, Timothy J. Shaw
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Methods And Models For Estimating Advective Pore Water Exchange In Tidal Flats, Timothy J. Shaw
Methods And Models For Estimating Advective Pore Water Exchange In Tidal Flats, Timothy J. Shaw
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Chemical Signals From Submarine Fluid Advection Onto The Continental Shelf, W. S. Moore, Timothy J. Shaw
Chemical Signals From Submarine Fluid Advection Onto The Continental Shelf, W. S. Moore, Timothy J. Shaw
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
234Th And 210Pb Evidence For Rapid Ingestion Of Settling Particles By Mobile Epibenthic Megafauna In The Abyssal Ne Pacific, L. M. L. Lauerman, J. M. Smoak, Timothy J. Shaw, W. S. Moore, K. L. Smith Jr.
234Th And 210Pb Evidence For Rapid Ingestion Of Settling Particles By Mobile Epibenthic Megafauna In The Abyssal Ne Pacific, L. M. L. Lauerman, J. M. Smoak, Timothy J. Shaw, W. S. Moore, K. L. Smith Jr.
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Organic Matter Accumulation, Sulfate Reduction, And Methanogenesis In Pliocene–Pleistocene Turbidites On The Iberia Abyssal Plain, P. A. Meyers, Timothy J. Shaw
Organic Matter Accumulation, Sulfate Reduction, And Methanogenesis In Pliocene–Pleistocene Turbidites On The Iberia Abyssal Plain, P. A. Meyers, Timothy J. Shaw
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
The Implications Of Turbidite-Driven Redox Changes In Sediments Of The Iberia Abyssal Plain, Timothy J. Shaw, P. A. Meyers
The Implications Of Turbidite-Driven Redox Changes In Sediments Of The Iberia Abyssal Plain, Timothy J. Shaw, P. A. Meyers
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Hydrothermal Fluids And Petroleum In Surface Sediments Of Guaymas Basin, Gulf Of California: A Case Study, J. M. Gieskes, B. R. Simoneit, T. Brown, Timothy J. Shaw, Y. C. Wang, A. Magenheim
Hydrothermal Fluids And Petroleum In Surface Sediments Of Guaymas Basin, Gulf Of California: A Case Study, J. M. Gieskes, B. R. Simoneit, T. Brown, Timothy J. Shaw, Y. C. Wang, A. Magenheim
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.