Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Spectralomics – Towards A Holistic Adaptation Of Label Free Spectroscopy, Hugh Byrne

Articles

Vibrational spectroscopy, largely based on infrared absorption and Raman scattering techniques, is much vaunted as a label free approach, delivering a high content, holistic characterisation of a sample, with demonstrable applications in a broad range of fields, from process analytical technologies and preclinical drug screening, to disease diagnostics, therapeutics, prognostics and personalised medicine. However, in the analysis of such complex systems, a trend has emerged in which spectral analysis is reduced to the identification of individual peaks, based on reference tables of assignments derived from literature, which are then interpreted as biomarkers. More sophisticated analysis attempts to unmix the spectrum …

Morton-Ordered Gpu Lattice Boltzmann Cfd Simulations With Application To Blood Flow, Gerald Gallagher, Fergal J. Boyle

Conference Papers

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is routinely used for numerically predicting cardiovascular-system medical device fluid flows. Most CFD simulations ignore the suspended cellular phases of blood due to computational constraints, which negatively affects simulation accuracy. A graphics processing unit (GPU) lattice Boltzmann-immersed boundary (LB-IB) CFD software package capable of accurately modelling blood flow is in development by the authors, focusing on the behaviour of plasma and stomatocyte, discocyte and echinocyte red blood cells during flow. Optimised memory ordering and layout schemes yield significant efficiency improvements for LB GPU simulations. In this work, comparisons of row-major-ordered Structure of Arrays (SoA) and Collected …

Cleanpage: Fast And Clean Document And Whiteboard Capture, Jane Courtney

Articles

The move from paper to online is not only necessary for remote working, it is also significantly more sustainable. This trend has seen a rising need for the high-quality digitization of content from pages and whiteboards to sharable online material. However, capturing this information is not always easy nor are the results always satisfactory. Available scanning apps vary in their usability and do not always produce clean results, retaining surface imperfections from the page or whiteboard in their output images. CleanPage, a novel smartphone-based document and whiteboard scanning system, is presented. CleanPage requires one button-tap to capture, identify, crop, and …

Sediqa: Sound Emitting Document Image Quality Assessment In A Reading Aid For The Visually Impaired, Jane Courtney

Articles

For visually impaired people (VIPs), the ability to convert text to sound can mean a new level of independence or the simple joy of a good book. With significant advances in optical character recognition (OCR) in recent years, a number of reading aids are appearing on the market. These reading aids convert images captured by a camera to text which can then be read aloud. However, all of these reading aids suffer from a key issue—the user must be able to visually target the text and capture an image of sufficient quality for the OCR algorithm to function—no small task …

Advancement Of Predictive Modeling Of Zeta Potentials (Ζ) In Metal Oxide Nanoparticles With Correlation Intensity Index (Cii), Andrey A. Toropov, Natalia Sizochenko, Alla P. Toropova, Danuta Leszczynska, Jerzy Leszczynski

Articles

It was expected that index of the ideality of correlation (IIC) and correlation intensity index (CII) could be used as possible tools to improve the predictive power of the quantitative model for zeta potential of nanoparticles. In this paper, we test how the statistical quality of quantitative structure-activity models for zeta potentials (ζ, a common measurement that reflects surface charge and stability of nanomaterial) could be improved with the use of these two indexes. Our hypothesis was tested using the benchmark data set that consists of 87 measurements of zeta potentials in water. We used quasi-SMILES molecular representation to take …

Synthetic, Yet Natural: Properties Of Wordnet Random Walk Corpora And The Impact Of Rare Words On Embedding Performance, Filip Klubicka, Alfredo Maldonado, Abhijit Mahalunkar, John D. Kelleher

Conference papers

Creating word embeddings that reflect semantic relationships encoded in lexical knowledge resources is an open challenge. One approach is to use a random walk over a knowledge graph to generate a pseudo-corpus and use this corpus to train embeddings. However, the effect of the shape of the knowledge graph on the generated pseudo-corpora, and on the resulting word embeddings, has not been studied. To explore this, we use English WordNet, constrained to the taxonomic (tree-like) portion of the graph, as a case study. We investigate the properties of the generated pseudo-corpora, and their impact on the resulting embeddings. We find …

A Multi-Task Approach To Incremental Dialogue State Tracking, Anh Duong Trinh, Robert J. Ross, John D. Kelleher

Conference papers

Incrementality is a fundamental feature of language in real world use. To this point, however, the vast majority of work in automated dialogue processing has focused on language as turn based. In this paper we explore the challenge of incremental dialogue state tracking through the development and analysis of a multi-task approach to incremental dialogue state tracking. We present the design of our incremental dialogue state tracker in detail and provide evaluation against the well known Dialogue State Tracking Challenge 2 (DSTC2) dataset. In addition to a standard evaluation of the tracker, we also provide an analysis of the Incrementality …

Building Classifiers With Gmdh For Health Social Networks (Bd Askapatient), John Cardiff, Liliya Akhtyamova, Mikhail Alexandrov

Conference Papers

Health social media offer useful data for patients and doctors concerning both various medicines and treatments. Usually, these data are accompanied by their assessments in 5- star scale. But such a detail classification has small usefulness because patients and doctors, first of all, want to know about negative cases and to study in detail the extreme ones. In the paper we build classifiers of texts just for these cases using combined classes as negative, all others and worst, satisfactory, best. For this, we study possibilities of different GMDH-based algorithms and compare them with the results of other methods. The selection …

Non-Linear Machine Learning With Active Sampling For Mox Drift Compensation, Tamara Matthews, Muhammad Iqbal, Horacio Gonzalez-Velez

Conference papers

Abstract—Metal oxide (MOX) gas detectors based on SnO2 provide low-cost solutions for real-time sensing of complex gas mixtures for indoor ambient monitoring. With high sensitivity under ideal conditions, MOX detectors may have poor longterm response accuracy due to environmental factors (humidity and temperature) along with sensor aging, leading to calibration drifts. Finding a simple and efficient solution to correct such calibration drifts has been the subject of numerous studies but remains an open problem. In this work, we present an efficient approach to MOX calibration using active and transfer sampling techniques coupled with non-linear machine learning algorithms, namely neural networks, …

Design Study Of A Heavy Duty Load Cell Using Finite Element Analysis: A Practical Introduction To Mechatronic Design Process, Mohamad Saleh

The ITB Journal

Mechatronics design process is a series of analytical brain storming operations from sepcification to implementation. The mechtronic products are widly available in the market for various use and applications. This is expected to develop futher in the future with great competitiveness. In order to succeed in the market, mechatronic products need to satisfy the market expectations with regard to quality, fitness for purpose, customer's appeal and cost efficiency. Therefore, the design analysis techniques play a significat part in the market success of these products. Finite Element Analysis is probably the most commonly used numerical technique for mechatronic product design. This …

Comparison Of Two-Pass Algorithms For Dynamic Topic Modelling Based On Matrix Decompositions, John Cardiff, Gabriella Skitalinskaya, Mikhail Alexandrov

Conference Papers

In this paper we present a two-pass algorithm based on different matrix decompositions, such as LSI, PCA, ICA and NMF, which allows tracking of the evolution of topics over time. The proposed dynamic topic models as output give an easily interpreted overview of topics found in a sequentially organized set of documents that does not require further processing. Each topic is presented by a user-specified number of top-terms. Such an approach to topic modeling if applied to, for example, a news article data set, can be convenient and useful for economists, sociologists, political scientists. The proposed approach allows to achieve …

Data Mining By Grid Computing In The Search For Extrasolar Planets, Oisin Creaner [Thesis]

Doctoral

A system is presented here to provide improved precision in ensemble differential photometry. This is achieved by using the power of grid computing to analyse astronomical catalogues. This produces new catalogues of optimised pointings for each star, which maximise the number and quality of reference stars available. Astronomical phenomena such as exoplanet transits and small-scale structure within quasars may be observed by means of millimagnitude photometric variability on the timescale of minutes to hours. Because of atmospheric distortion, ground-based observations of these phenomena require the use of differential photometry whereby the target is compared with one or more reference stars. …

Data Analytics In Performance Of Kick-Out Distribution And Effectiveness In Senior Championship Football In Ireland, Roisin Donnelly, Darragh Daly

Articles

n recent years, data analytics has been a growing phenomenon in many fields, including sport, and there has been an increased focus on how technology will impact the work of coaching andperformance professionals. This paper provides a reflection of the use of data analytics within the Gaelic Athletic Association’s (GAA) football coaching practice in Ireland, and evaluates for coaches how to enhance kick- out distribution and effectiveness. Specifically, the study aimed to dissect and analyse kick- out strategies to assess from a coaching perspective, the impact on distribution andeffectiveness. The research is a …

Factorized Runge-Kutta-Chebyshev Methods, Stephen O'Sullivan

Conference papers

The second-order extended stability Factorized Runge-Kutta-Chebyshev (FRKC2) class of explicit schemes for the integration of large systems of PDEs with diffusive terms is presented. FRKC2 schemes are straightforward to implement through ordered sequences of forward Euler steps with complex stepsizes, and easily parallelised for large scale problems on distributed architectures.

Preserving 7 digits for accuracy at 16 digit precision, the schemes are theoretically capable of maintaining internal stability at acceleration factors in excess of 6000 with respect to standard explicit Runge-Kutta methods. The stability domains have approximately the same extents as those of RKC schemes, and are a third longer …

A Modified Anonymisation Algorithm Towards Reducing Information Loss., Rose Tinabo

Doctoral

The growth of various technologies in the modern digital world results in the col- lection and storage of huge amounts of individual's data. In addition of providing direct services delivery, this data can be used for other non-direct activities known as secondary use. This includes activities such as doing research, analysis, quality and safety measurement, public health, and marketing.

Why Is An Einstein Ring Blue?, Jonathan Blackledge

Articles

Albert Einstein predicted the existence of `Einstein rings' as a consequence of his general theory of relativity. The phenomenon is a direct result of the idea that if a mass warps space-time then light (and other electromagnetic waves) will be `lensed' by the strong gravitational field produced by a large cosmological body such as a galaxy. Since 1998, when the first complete Einstein ring was observed, many more complete or partially complete Einstein rings have been observed in the radio and infrared spectra, for example, and by the Hubble Space Telescope in the optical spectrum. However, in the latter case, …

An Optical Machine Vision System For Applications In Cytopathology, Jonathan Blackledge, Dmitry Dubovitskiy

Articles

This paper discusses a new approach to the processes of object detection, recognition and classification in a digital image focusing on problem in Cytopathology. A unique self learning procedure is presented in order to incorporate expert knowledge. The classification method is based on the application of a set of features which includes fractal parameters such as the Lacunarity and Fourier dimension. Thus, the approach includes the characterisation of an object in terms of its fractal properties and texture characteristics. The principal issues associated with object recognition are presented which include the basic model and segmentation algorithms. The self-learning procedure for …

Cbtv: Visualising Case Bases For Similarity Measure Design And Selection, Brian Mac Namee, Sarah Jane Delany

Conference papers

In CBR the design and selection of similarity measures is paramount. Selection can benefit from the use of exploratory visualisation- based techniques in parallel with techniques such as cross-validation ac- curacy comparison. In this paper we present the Case Base Topology Viewer (CBTV) which allows the application of different similarity mea- sures to a case base to be visualised so that system designers can explore the case base and the associated decision boundary space. We show, using a range of datasets and similarity measure types, how the idiosyncrasies of particular similarity measures can be illustrated and compared in CBTV allowing …

Reply To "Comment On ‘Atomic Spectral Line Free-Parameter Deconvolution Procedure’”, Vladimir Milosavljevic, Goran Poparic

Articles

We do not agree with the authors of the preceding Comment [X. Nikolic, X. Ojurovic, and X. Mijatovic, Phys. Rev. E, 67, 058401, 2003]. Our numerical procedure for the deconvolution of the theoretical asymmetric convolution integral of a Gaussian and a plasma broadened spectral line profile jA,R(λ) for spectral lines enables the determination of all broadening parameters. All broadening parameters can be determined directly from the recorded line profile of a single line, with minimal assumptions or prior knowledge. Additional experimental diagnostics are not required.

Shadow Casting Phenomena At Newgrange, Frank Prendergast

Articles

A digital model of the Newgrange passage tomb and surrounding ring of monoliths known as the Great Circle is used to investigate sunrise shadow casting phenomena at the monument. Diurnal variation in shadow directions and lengths are analysed for their potential use in the Bronze Age to indicate the passage of seasonal time. Computer-aided simulations are developed from a photogrammetric survey to accurately show how three of the largest monoliths, located closest to the tomb entrance and archaeologically coded GC1, GC-1 and GC-2, cast their shadows onto the vertical face of the entrance kerbstone, coded K1. The phenomena occur at …