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Articles 1 - 30 of 40
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Search For The Decays Of 113ba, Yongchi Xiao
Search For The Decays Of 113ba, Yongchi Xiao
Doctoral Dissertations
The search for new alpha-emitters in the region above tin-100 was carried out in Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) tandem accelerator in Tokai, Japan. This work aimed to discover barium-113 produced via the fusion-evaporation reaction nickel-58(nickel-58,3n)barium-113 and observation through its alpha-decay chain from barium-113 to xenon-109 to tellurium-105 and tin-101. In the proof of principle experiment in March 2014, the alpha-decay chain of xenon-109 was observed with Double-sided Silicon Strip Detector (DSSD) and digital electronics at JAEA Recoil Mass Separator (RMS). The first discovery-oriented barium-113 experiment was carried out in December 2014 searching for its alpha-decay, ground-state to ground-state beta-decay …
Gamma-Radiation Induced Corrosion Of Alloy 800, Mojtaba Momeni
Gamma-Radiation Induced Corrosion Of Alloy 800, Mojtaba Momeni
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
This thesis presents a newly developed mechanism and predictive model for the corrosion of Alloy 800. The Fe-Cr-Ni Alloy (Incoloy 800) is mainly used for steam generator (SG) tubing in CANDU and PWR reactors and is a candidate material for the proposed Canadian Supercritical Water Reactor (SCWR) in which it will be exposed to extreme conditions of high radiation flux and large temperature gradients. The influence of gamma radiation and water chemistry conditions on the corrosion behaviour of Alloy 800 are studied in this work. Ionizing radiation creates reducing (•eaq–, •H, •O2-) and oxidizing …
Investigation Of Neutron Induced Ternary Fission With The Niffte Time Projection Chamber, Alex C. Kemnitz
Investigation Of Neutron Induced Ternary Fission With The Niffte Time Projection Chamber, Alex C. Kemnitz
Physics
Ternary fission is a rare occurrence in which three particles are produced from a single fission event. This analysis uses tracked fission event data recorded by NIFFTE’s time projection chamber with a series of refined cuts to isolate all possible ternary events. The experiment used two targets, each consisting of two isotopes; one target was Pu-239 and U-235, and the other was U-238 and U-235. The data was used to measure the ternary/binary fission ratios for each isotope. The ratios for the Pu-239 and U-235 target that were found are shown to be too high due to alpha contamination. The …
Studying The Reaction 34ar(Alpha,P)37k And Its Impact On Xrb Nucleosynthesis And Observables, Amber C. Lauer
Studying The Reaction 34ar(Alpha,P)37k And Its Impact On Xrb Nucleosynthesis And Observables, Amber C. Lauer
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Type I X-Ray bursts (XRB’s) are a site of nucleosynthesis for some proton-rich elements up to A=100. These stellar explosions occur on the surface of a neutron star in a Low- Mass X-ray Binary accreting H- and He-rich material. During accretion nuclear burning occurs through stable processes such as the hot CNO (HCNO) cycles, but at some critical accretion condition the the HCNO cycles are bypassed through a breakout reaction. This triggers the thermonuclear runaway of the XRB. During the burst, nucleosynthesis on certain proton-rich nuclei, called (α, p) waiting points, can stall which could stall the energy generation and …
A Nonlocal Application Of The Dispersive Optical Model To 208pb, Michael Keim
A Nonlocal Application Of The Dispersive Optical Model To 208pb, Michael Keim
Undergraduate Research Symposium Posters
A nonlocal application of the dispersive optical model to neutrons and protons in 208Pb is presented. A nucleon self-energy is described by parametrized real and imaginary parts connected through a dispersion relation. This parametrization includes nonlocal Hartree-Fock and spin-orbit and local Coulomb real terms, and nonlocal volume and surface and local spin-orbit imaginary terms. A simple Gaussian nonlocality is employed, and appropriate asymmetry parameters are included to describe the N-Z dependence of the nucleus. These parameters are constrained by fitting to experimental data, including particle numbers, energy levels, the charge density, elastic-scattering angular distributions, reaction cross sections, and the …
Integrated Environment And Proximity Sensing For Uav Applications, Shawn S. Brackett
Integrated Environment And Proximity Sensing For Uav Applications, Shawn S. Brackett
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
As Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), or “drone” applications expand, new methods for sensing, navigating and avoiding obstacles need to be developed. The project applies an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) to a simulated quadcopter vehicle though Matlab in order to estimate not only the vehicle state but the world state around the vehicle. The EKF integrates multiple sensor readings from range sensors, IMU sensors, and radiation sensors and combines this information to optimize state estimates. The result is an estimated world map to be used in vehicle navigation and obstacle avoidance.
The simulation handles the physics behind the vehicle flight. As …
Total Absorption Spectroscopy Of Neutron Rich Nuclei Across The N=50 Neutron Shell Closure, Kathleen Conner Goetz
Total Absorption Spectroscopy Of Neutron Rich Nuclei Across The N=50 Neutron Shell Closure, Kathleen Conner Goetz
Doctoral Dissertations
Decay spectroscopy of neutron rich nuclei near doubly magic 78Ni [78-Nickel] is relevant to nuclear structure and astrophysics as well as reactor and neutrino physics. β-decay [beta-decay] calorimetry studies are essential to reconstruct the decay strength function and is used to overcome the problems arising from the high density of states leading to nuclear Pandemonium. The Modular Total Absorption Spectrometer, currently located in HRIBF at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, collected data on 25 fission products of 238U [238-Uranium] during a run in March 2015. Analysis of the 84,85,86Br [84, 85 and 86-Bromine] data from the …
Measurement Of Heavy Flavor Yield And Azimuthal Anisotropy At Forward Angles In Cu + Au Collisions At A Center-Of-Mass Collision Energy Per Nucleon Of 200 Gev, Brandon Kyle Schmoll
Measurement Of Heavy Flavor Yield And Azimuthal Anisotropy At Forward Angles In Cu + Au Collisions At A Center-Of-Mass Collision Energy Per Nucleon Of 200 Gev, Brandon Kyle Schmoll
Doctoral Dissertations
Heavy flavor quarks are produced early in heavy ion collisions and will experience the full evolution of the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP). Measurements at forward rapidity may be influenced as much, or more, by the cold nuclear matter effects as by the hot nuclear matter effects associated with a QGP. As the medium evolves, the initial spatial anisotropy of participants is converted to an azimuthal anisotropy in the momentum space of outgoing particles. Therefore, the momentum spectra modification and anisotropy parameters provide useful information about the heavy quark interaction with the bulk medium.
Asymmetric heavy ion collisions, such as Cu+Au, …
R&D Of A High-Performance Dirc Detector For A Future Electron-Ion Collider, Stacey Lee Allison
R&D Of A High-Performance Dirc Detector For A Future Electron-Ion Collider, Stacey Lee Allison
Physics Theses & Dissertations
An Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) is proposed as the next big scientific facility to be built in the United States, costing over $1 billion in design and construction. Each detector concept for the electron/ion beam interaction point is integrated into a large solenoidal magnet. The necessity for excellent hadronic particle identification (pion/kaon/proton) in the barrel region of the solenoid has pushed research and development (R&D) towards a new, high-performance Detection of Internally Reflected Cherenkov light (DIRC) detector design. The passage of a high energy charged particle through a fused silica bar of the DIRC generates optical Cherenkov radiation. A large fraction …
Searching For Heavy Photons With Detached Vertices In The Heavy Photon Search Experiment, Holly Szumila-Vance
Searching For Heavy Photons With Detached Vertices In The Heavy Photon Search Experiment, Holly Szumila-Vance
Physics Theses & Dissertations
The Jefferson Lab Heavy Photon Search (HPS) experiment is searching for a hypothetical massive particle called the heavy photon which could mediate a dark electromagnetic-type force. If heavy photons kinetically mix with Standard Model photons, they may be radiated by electrons scattering from a heavy nucleus and then decay to e+e- pairs. HPS uniquely searches for heavy photons that either decay at the target or a measurable distance after. The experiment utilizes a silicon vertex tracker (SVT) for momentum and vertex reconstruction, together with an electromagnetic calorimeter for measuring particle energies and triggering events. The HPS experiment took its first …
Nuclear Chiral Axial Currents And Applications To Few-Nucleon Systems, Alessandro Baroni
Nuclear Chiral Axial Currents And Applications To Few-Nucleon Systems, Alessandro Baroni
Physics Theses & Dissertations
This Thesis is divided into three main parts. The first part discusses basic aspects of chiral effective field theory and the formalism, based on time ordered perturbation theory, used to to derive the nuclear potentials and currents from the chiral Lagrangians. The second part deals with the actual derivation, up to one loop, of the two-nucleon potential and one- and two-nucleon weak axial charge and current. In both derivations ultraviolet divergences generated by loop corrections are isolated using dimensional regularization. The resulting axial current is finite and conserved in the chiral limit, while the axial charge requires renormalization. A complete …
Instrument Design Optimization With Computational Methods, Michael H. Moore
Instrument Design Optimization With Computational Methods, Michael H. Moore
Physics Theses & Dissertations
Using Finite Element Analysis to approximate the solution of differential equations, two different instruments in experimental Hall C at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility are analyzed. The time dependence of density fluctuations from the liquid hydrogen (LH2) target used in the Qweak experiment (2011-2012) are studied with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and the simulation results compared to data from the experiment. The 2.5 kW liquid hydrogen target was the highest power LH2 target in the world and the first to be designed with CFD at Jefferson Lab. The first complete magnetic field simulation of the Super High Momentum …
Test Of New Readout Electronics For The Bonus12 Experiment, Mathieu Ehrhart
Test Of New Readout Electronics For The Bonus12 Experiment, Mathieu Ehrhart
Physics Theses & Dissertations
For decades, electron-proton scattering experiments have been providing a large amount of data on the proton structure function. However, because of the instability of free neutrons, fewer experiments have been able to study the neutron structure function. The BONuS collaboration at Jefferson Laboratory addresses this challenge by scattering electrons off a deuterium target, using a RTPC capable of detecting the low-momentum spectator protons near the target. Events of electrons scattering on almost free neutrons are selected by constraining the spectator protons to very low momenta and very backward scattering angles. In 2005, BONuS successfully measured the neutron structure with scattering …
Measurement Of The Elastic Ep Cross Section At Q2 = 0.66, 1.10, 1.51 And 1.65 Gev2, Yang Wang
Measurement Of The Elastic Ep Cross Section At Q2 = 0.66, 1.10, 1.51 And 1.65 Gev2, Yang Wang
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
The nucleon form factors have been investigated by physicists for decades because of its fundamental importance. The world data of the proton magnetic form factor GMp shows that the measurements have been focused on Q2 lower than 5 GeV2 and it has large uncertainties at higher GeV2. Experiment E12-07-108 aims to improve the accuracy of the e − p elastic cross section to better than 2% over a Q2 range of 7 − 14 GeV2. From 2015 to 2016, the e − p elastic cross section was measured over a wide range of Q2 from 0.66 − 12.56 GeV2 at …
Working With Cuore In Search For The Neutrinoless-Double Beta Decay, Kevin H. Phung
Working With Cuore In Search For The Neutrinoless-Double Beta Decay, Kevin H. Phung
Physics
The neutrino, if found to be its own anti-particle, will reshape the Standard Model of physics. This paper will give some background information regarding CUORE’s experiment to discover the radioactive process known as neutrinoless double-beta decay, how their experiment works, and my own involvement in their research during the installation phase of the project in the summer of 2017.
A Study Of Anti-Muon-Neutrino Induced Resonance Production In Nomad Three-Track Topology, Edward Dunton
A Study Of Anti-Muon-Neutrino Induced Resonance Production In Nomad Three-Track Topology, Edward Dunton
Senior Theses
In this study we are attempting to measure the sensitivity of our methods to anti-muon neutrino induced resonance interactions in the 3-track topology of the NOMAD experiment. We will use a set of Monte Carlo data meant to resemble the NOMAD outputs but with true event type known and then proceed by using a system of single-variable cuts and multivariable analysis through a multilayer perception neural network to distinguish events from these interactions and events from other neutrino or non-neutrino interactions. We will then produce a measurement of the sensitivity to these interactions and determine whether or not proceeding with …
Remote Neutron Spectroscopy On Mars, Christopher Gayle Tate
Remote Neutron Spectroscopy On Mars, Christopher Gayle Tate
Doctoral Dissertations
Remote neutron spectroscopy is an important technique in planetary science that allows for classification of the amount of light elements in a planetary regolith. It is especially suited for studying hydrogen abundances and elements with high thermal neutron absorption cross sections in the top ~1 meter of regolith. The Mars Science Laboratory rover Curiosity carries the first rover based neutron spectrometer Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons (DAN) in Gale crater, Mars. As the DAN instrument operates in passive mode, it is sensitive to neutrons produced through Galactic Cosmic Ray interactions and neutrons generated by the rover's Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator. In …
Jet-Hadron Correlations Relative To The Event Plane Pb--Pb Collisions At The Lhc In Alice, Joel Anthony Mazer
Jet-Hadron Correlations Relative To The Event Plane Pb--Pb Collisions At The Lhc In Alice, Joel Anthony Mazer
Doctoral Dissertations
In relativistic heavy ion collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), a hot, dense and strongly interacting medium known as the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) is produced. Quarks and gluons from incoming nuclei collide to produce partons at high momenta early in the collisions. By fragmenting into collimated sprays of hadrons, these partons form 'jets'. Within the framework of perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics (pQCD), jet production is well understood in pp collisions. We can use jets measured in pp interactions as a baseline reference for comparing to heavy ion collision systems to detect and study jet quenching. The jet quenching mechanism …
Production Of Electrons From Heavy Flavor Decays In Proton-Lead Collisions Measured With Alice At The Lhc, Rebecca Michelle Scott
Production Of Electrons From Heavy Flavor Decays In Proton-Lead Collisions Measured With Alice At The Lhc, Rebecca Michelle Scott
Doctoral Dissertations
This dissertation presents a measurement of the yield and cross section of electrons from heavy flavor decays at central rapidity in proton-lead collisions measured by the ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) detector at the Large Hadron Collider. This analysis extends the transverse momentum reach of an earlier measurement in ALICE and the comparison is shown. The cross section of single electrons in proton-lead collisions is compared to the value expected in the absence of nuclear modification from proton-proton collisions. The cross section is well described by the perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics and no statistically significant alteration due to hot nuclear …
Improving Predictive Capabilities Of Classical Cascade Theory For Nonproliferation Analysis, David Allen Vermillion
Improving Predictive Capabilities Of Classical Cascade Theory For Nonproliferation Analysis, David Allen Vermillion
Doctoral Dissertations
Uranium enrichment finds a direct and indispensable function in both peaceful and nonpeaceful nuclear applications. Today, over 99% of enriched uranium is produced by gas centrifuge technology. With the international dissemination of the Zippe archetypal design in 1960 followed by the widespread illicit centrifuge trafficking efforts of the A.Q. Khan network, traditional barriers to enrichment technologies are no longer as effective as they once were. Consequently, gas centrifuge technology is now regarded as a high-priority nuclear proliferation threat, and the international nonproliferation community seeks new avenues to effectively and efficiently respond to this emergent threat.
Effective response first requires an …
Synthesis, Characterization And Biological Studies Of Technetium-99m And Rhenium-188 Peptides, Vanessa Anne Sanders
Synthesis, Characterization And Biological Studies Of Technetium-99m And Rhenium-188 Peptides, Vanessa Anne Sanders
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Radiopharmaceuticals are very powerful diagnostic tools for evaluation of a host of medical conditions. These drugs are labeled with radioactive isotopes, which are utilized to create pictures of areas of interest through absorption of the drug. They are currently in high demand due to their ability to image areas that traditional imaging devices cannot. The radioisotope 99mTc, with a half-life of 6.01 hours and a 140 keV gamma emission, is central to many radiopharmaceutical compounds. This isotope is easily obtained from a 99Mo-99mTc generator, through beta decay and column chromatography separations. Very little technetium, less than 6 ng, is needed …
Fast Neutron Detection In Nuclear Material Photofission Assay Using A 15 Mev Linear Electron Accelerator, Matthew Steven Hodges
Fast Neutron Detection In Nuclear Material Photofission Assay Using A 15 Mev Linear Electron Accelerator, Matthew Steven Hodges
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
The purpose of this research was to use a 15 MeV (K15 model by Varian) linear electron accelerator (linac) for the photon assay of special nuclear materials (SNM). First, the properties of the photon radiation probe were determined. The stochastic radiation transport code, MCNP5, was used to develop computational models for the linac. The spectral distribution of photons as well as dose rate contour maps of the UNLV accelerator facility were computed for several linac operating configurations. These computational models were validated through comparison with experimental measurements of dose rates.
The linac model was used to simulate the photon interrogation …
Development Of Nuclear Underground Engineered Test Surrogates For Technical Nuclear Forensics Exploitation, Robert Boone Gilbreath
Development Of Nuclear Underground Engineered Test Surrogates For Technical Nuclear Forensics Exploitation, Robert Boone Gilbreath
Masters Theses
A method for formulation and production of Nuclear UnderGround Engineered Test Surrogates (NUGETS) based on notional improvised nuclear device (IND) detonations in an underground environment analogous to the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS) is presented. Extensive statistical analyses of precursory geochemical and geophysical characteristics are combined with an augmented surrogate debris cooling technique and predictive IND contributions from the ORIGEN Fallout Analysis Tool. Precursory and resultant elemental compositions, cooling curve calculations, and visual comparison of NUGETS to genuine underground debris are reported. Application of NUGETS methodology to future studies in urban, underground post-detonation technical nuclear forensic (TNF) analysis is suggested.
Probing Pulse Structure At The Spallation Neutron Source Via Polarimetry Measurements, Connor Miller Gautam
Probing Pulse Structure At The Spallation Neutron Source Via Polarimetry Measurements, Connor Miller Gautam
Masters Theses
The Fundamental Neutron Physics Beamline (FNPB) at Spallation Neutron Source is used to probe fundamental forces via cold neutrons. The beamline's latest experiment is probing the hadronic weak interaction through the capture of polarized cold neutrons on 3He nuclei. While the strong nuclear force is dominant in this interaction, a weak signal can be observed in the parity violating momentum asymmetry in the reaction products. As the asymmetry measurement requires both neutron spin states, a means of controlling the neutron spin is required. In order to alternate the spins, a radio frequency spin rotator was installed for the experiment. …
Characterization Of Reactor Background Radiation At Hfir For The Prospect Experiment, Blaine Alexander Heffron
Characterization Of Reactor Background Radiation At Hfir For The Prospect Experiment, Blaine Alexander Heffron
Masters Theses
This work describes an investigation of the background radiation present at the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) on behalf of the PROSPECT collaboration. The PROSPECT experiment is designed to make a precision measurement of the antineutrino spectrum at HFIR and search for sterile neutrinos. Temporal and spacial variation of neutron and gamma backgrounds at the experiment site for the PROSPECT detector are measured in order to determine if the reactor correlated radiation will contribute a significant background to the inverse beta decay signal. Knowledge of spacial background variation will also be used to inform the design of a local shield …
Photoproduction And Radiative Decay Of Ηt Meson In Clas At Jlab, Georgie Mbianda Njencheu
Photoproduction And Radiative Decay Of Ηt Meson In Clas At Jlab, Georgie Mbianda Njencheu
Physics Theses & Dissertations
In this work the η/ meson photoproduction cross sections as well as the distribution of the di-pion invariant mass, m(π+π−), in the radiative decay mode η/ → π+π−γ have been measured using the CLAS detector at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility using tagged incident photons in the center-of-mass energy range 1.96 GeV - 2.72 GeV. The measurements are performed on a liquid hydrogen target in the reaction γp → pη/(η/ → π+π−γ). The analysis is based on the …
Developments In Pet-Mri For Radiotherapy Planning Applications, John Christian Patrick
Developments In Pet-Mri For Radiotherapy Planning Applications, John Christian Patrick
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
The hybridization of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) provides the benefit of soft-tissue contrast and specific molecular information in a simultaneous acquisition. The applications of PET-MRI in radiotherapy are only starting to be realised. However, quantitative accuracy of PET relies on accurate attenuation correction (AC) of, not only the patient anatomy but also MRI hardware and current methods, which are prone to artefacts caused by dense materials. Quantitative accuracy of PET also relies on full characterization of patient motion during the scan. The simultaneity of PET-MRI makes it especially suited for motion correction. However, quality assurance …
Characterization Of Neutron And Proton Exposure On The Radiation Resistant Bacterium, Deinococcus Radiodurans, Ronald C. Lenker
Characterization Of Neutron And Proton Exposure On The Radiation Resistant Bacterium, Deinococcus Radiodurans, Ronald C. Lenker
Theses and Dissertations
Deinococcus radiodurans is a robust bacterium that is known for its extraordinary resistance to ionizing radiation. In general, many of the investigations of this bacterium's resistance have revolved around low linear energy transfer radiation, such as gamma and electron radiation. This study explored Deinococcus radiodurans's ability to survive high linear energy transfer radiation, specifically proton and neutron radiation. Deinococcus radiodurans was dehydrated to reduce the effects of low linear energy transfer radiation. The bacteria were exposed to both neutron and proton radiation of varying amounts and rehydrated. The resulting colonies were counted and compared to colonies of non-irradiated control samples …
Modeling The White Sands Missile Range Fast Burst Reactor Using A Discrete Ordinates Code, Pentran, Taylor R. Schulmeister
Modeling The White Sands Missile Range Fast Burst Reactor Using A Discrete Ordinates Code, Pentran, Taylor R. Schulmeister
Theses and Dissertations
The goal of this research was to develop and characterize a deterministic model of a fast burst reactor (FBR) using a discrete ordinates neutral particle transport code, PENTRAN. The White Sands Missile Range FBR design was chosen for this research because this FBR is important to the DoD due to its short duration, high energy neutron flux which is representative of the neutron flux output created by a nuclear weapon. One, two, and three dimensional PENTRAN models of the FBR were developed and neutron transport based eigenvalue calculations were performed. These eigenvalue calculations were conducted using two different set of …
Determination Of The Kinematics Of The Qweak Experiment And Investigation Of An Atomic Hydrogen Møller Polarimeter, Valerie Marie Gray
Determination Of The Kinematics Of The Qweak Experiment And Investigation Of An Atomic Hydrogen Møller Polarimeter, Valerie Marie Gray
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
The Qweak experiment has tested the Standard Model through making a precise measurement of the weak charge of the proton (QpW). This was done through measuring the parity-violating asymmetry for polarized electrons scattering off of unpolarized protons. The parity-violating asymmetry measured is directly proportional to the four-momentum transfer (Q^2) from the electron to the proton. The extraction of QpW from the measured asymmetry requires a precise Q^2 determination. The Qweak experiment had a Q^2 = 24.8 ± 0.1 m(GeV^2) which achieved the goal of an uncertainty of ≤ 0.5%. From the measured asymmetry and Q^2 , QpW was determined to …