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Articles 1 - 30 of 43
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Machine Learning Methods For Computational Phenotyping Using Patient Healthcare Data With Noisy Labels, Praveen Kumar
Machine Learning Methods For Computational Phenotyping Using Patient Healthcare Data With Noisy Labels, Praveen Kumar
Computer Science ETDs
Positive and Unlabeled (PU) learning problems abound in many real-world applications. In healthcare informatics, diagnosed patients are considered labeled positive for a specific disease, but being undiagnosed does not mean they can be labeled negative. PU learning can improve classification performance, and estimate the positive fraction, α, among unlabeled samples. However, algorithms based on the Selected Completely At Random (SCAR) assumption are inadequate when the SCAR assumption fails (e.g., severe cases overrepresented), and when class imbalance is substantial. This dissertation presents and evaluates new algorithms to overcome these limitations. The proposed methods outperform the state-of-art for α-estimation, enhance classification performance, …
Medical Diagnosis Via Refined Neutrosophic Fuzzy Logic: Detection Of Illness Using Neutrosophic Sets, K. Hemabala, B. Srinivasa Kumar, Florentin Smarandache
Medical Diagnosis Via Refined Neutrosophic Fuzzy Logic: Detection Of Illness Using Neutrosophic Sets, K. Hemabala, B. Srinivasa Kumar, Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
The objective of the paper is to implement and validate diagnosis in the medical field via refined neutrosophic fuzzy logic (RNFL). As such, we have proposed a Max-Min composition (MMC) method in RNFL. This method deals with the diagnosis under certain constraints like uncertainty and indeterminacy. Further, we have considered the diagnosis problems to validate the sensitivity analysis of the novel multi attribute decision-making technique. Finally, we gave the graphical representations and compared the obtained results with other existing measures in refined neutrosophic fuzzy sets.
[Research Note] The Random Somatic Mutation Is Not Quite Random, Florentin Smarandache
[Research Note] The Random Somatic Mutation Is Not Quite Random, Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
This research note challenges the idea that Random Somatic Mutations are entirely random, highlighting their non-equiprobable nature and their influence on evolution, involution, or indeterminacy. It recalls the Neutrosophic Theory of Evolution, extending Darwin’s theory, and emphasizes the importance of distinguishing between different senses of “random mutation” in evolutionary theory.
Applying Data Science And Machine Learning To Understand Health Care Transition For Adolescents And Emerging Adults With Special Health Care Needs, Lisamarie Turk
Nursing ETDs
A problem of classification places adolescents and emerging adults with special health care needs among the most at risk for poor or life-threatening health outcomes. This preliminary proof-of-concept study was conducted to determine if phenotypes of health care transition (HCT) for this vulnerable population could be established. Such phenotypes could support development of future studies that require data classifications as input. Mining of electronic health record data and cluster analysis were implemented to identify phenotypes. Subsequently, a machine learning concept model was developed for predicting acute care and medical condition severity. Three clusters were identified and described (Cluster 1, n …
Science, Technology, Engineering, And Mathematics (Stem) Project-Based Learning (Pbl) Education: A New Mexico Case Study For Equity And Inclusion, Kimberly A. Scheerer
Science, Technology, Engineering, And Mathematics (Stem) Project-Based Learning (Pbl) Education: A New Mexico Case Study For Equity And Inclusion, Kimberly A. Scheerer
Teacher Education, Educational Leadership & Policy ETDs
This research addresses how student participation in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) project-based learning (PBL) education activities encourages underrepresented minority student achievement in STEM career field trajectories. Seven New Mexico high school counselors and 12 STEM organization personnel were interviewed during this study. Their responses represent the nuanced professional voices where New Mexico public education intersects with STEM student interest and cultural influence.
For students, STEM PBL can foster deep integration across educational disciplines and enhance STEM career trajectory interest and readiness. STEM education converged with PBL methodologies has the ability to leverage community support while broadening student networks. …
Collected Papers (On Neutrosophic Theory And Applications), Volume Vii, Florentin Smarandache
Collected Papers (On Neutrosophic Theory And Applications), Volume Vii, Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
This seventh volume of Collected Papers includes 70 papers comprising 974 pages on (theoretic and applied) neutrosophics, written between 2013-2021 by the author alone or in collaboration with 122 co-authors from 22 countries.
Collected Papers (On Physics, Artificial Intelligence, Health Issues, Decision Making, Economics, Statistics), Volume Xi, Florentin Smarandache
Collected Papers (On Physics, Artificial Intelligence, Health Issues, Decision Making, Economics, Statistics), Volume Xi, Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
This eleventh volume of Collected Papers includes 90 papers comprising 988 pages on Physics, Artificial Intelligence, Health Issues, Decision Making, Economics, Statistics, written between 2001-2022 by the author alone or in collaboration with 84 co-authors from 19 countries.
Analyzing The Sustainability Of Industry Affected In Covid-19 Pandemic Scenario Using Cosine Similarity Measure Under Svpns And Pnn Model, Priyanka Majumder, Florentin Smarandache
Analyzing The Sustainability Of Industry Affected In Covid-19 Pandemic Scenario Using Cosine Similarity Measure Under Svpns And Pnn Model, Priyanka Majumder, Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
COVID-19 outbreak is a reminder of the fact that the pandemics have happened in the past and will also occur in the future. The COVID-19 not only has affected the economy; but also it has affected the livelihood, which leads to the changes in businesses. This study aims to identify the most significant indicator (or parameter) that impacts the sustainability of industries. The study should also develop a realtime monitoring system for the sustainability of industries affected by COVID 19. In this work, the Polynomial Neural Network (PNN) and cosine similarity measure under SVPNS (Single-Valued Pentapartitioned Neutrosophic Set) environment have …
Collected Papers (Neutrosophics And Other Topics), Volume Xiv, Florentin Smarandache
Collected Papers (Neutrosophics And Other Topics), Volume Xiv, Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
This fourteenth volume of Collected Papers is an eclectic tome of 87 papers in Neutrosophics and other fields, such as mathematics, fuzzy sets, intuitionistic fuzzy sets, picture fuzzy sets, information fusion, robotics, statistics, or extenics, comprising 936 pages, published between 2008-2022 in different scientific journals or currently in press, by the author alone or in collaboration with 99 co-authors from 26 countries.
نيوتروسوفيك أوفرسيت ، نيوتروسوفيك أونديرست ، وإزاحة نيوتروسوفيك [Neutrosophic Overset, Neutrosophic Underset, And Neutrosophic Offset], Florentin Smarandache, Riad K Al-Hamido (Translator From English To Arabic)), Khaled Adnan Alabdullah (Translator From English To Arabic)
نيوتروسوفيك أوفرسيت ، نيوتروسوفيك أونديرست ، وإزاحة نيوتروسوفيك [Neutrosophic Overset, Neutrosophic Underset, And Neutrosophic Offset], Florentin Smarandache, Riad K Al-Hamido (Translator From English To Arabic)), Khaled Adnan Alabdullah (Translator From English To Arabic)
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
تم تعريف Neutrosophic Over-/ Under- / Off-Set and -Logic لأول مرة بواسطة Smarandache في عام 1995 ونشر في عام 2007. وهي مختلفة تمامًا عن المجموعات / المنطق / الاحتمالات الأخرى. قام بتمديد مجموعة العدلات على التوالي إلى Neutrosophic Overset {عندما يكون بعض مكونات neutrosophic> 1} ، Neutrosophic Underset {عندما يكون بعض مكونات neutrosophic <0} ، وإلى إزاحة Neutrosophic {عندما تكون بعض مكونات العدلات خارج الفاصل الزمني [0 ، 1] ، أي بعض مكونات العدلات> 1 ومكونات أخرى نيوتروسوفيك <0}. هذا ليس مفاجئًا فيما يتعلق بالمجموعة / المنطق الغامض الكلاسيكي ، أو المجموعة / المنطق الغامض الحدسي ، أو الاحتمال الكلاسيكي / غير الدقيق ، حيث لا يُسمح بالقيم خارج الفاصل الزمني [0 ، 1] ، نظرًا لأن عالمنا الحقيقي به العديد من الأمثلة و تطبيقات المكونات الزائدة / السفلية / البعيدة عن العدلات
Neutrosophic Over-/Under-/Off-Set and -Logic were defined for the first time by Smarandache in 1995 and published in 2007. They are totally different from other sets/logics/probabilities. He extended the neutrosophic set respectively to Neutrosophic Overset {when some neutrosophic component is > 1}, Neutrosophic Underset {when …
0}.>0}>Collected Papers (On Neutrosophics Theory And Applications), Volume Xii, Florentin Smarandache
Collected Papers (On Neutrosophics Theory And Applications), Volume Xii, Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
This twelfth volume of Collected Papers includes 86 papers comprising 976 pages on Neutrosophic Theory and Applications, published between 2013-2021 in the international journal and book series NSS by the author alone or in collaboration with the following 112 co-authors (alphabetically ordered) from 21 countries.
Collected Papers (On Neutrosophics, Plithogenics, Hypersoft Set, Hypergraphs, And Other Topics), Volume X, Florentin Smarandache
Collected Papers (On Neutrosophics, Plithogenics, Hypersoft Set, Hypergraphs, And Other Topics), Volume X, Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
This tenth volume of Collected Papers includes 86 papers in English and Spanish languages comprising 972 pages, written between 2014-2022 by the author alone or in collaboration with 105 co-authors from 26 countries.
Multiple Baseline Interrupted Time Series: Describing Changes In New Mexico Medicaid Behavioral Health Home Patients’ Care, Jessica Reno
Multiple Baseline Interrupted Time Series: Describing Changes In New Mexico Medicaid Behavioral Health Home Patients’ Care, Jessica Reno
Mathematics & Statistics ETDs
In 2016, the CareLink New Mexico behavioral health homes program began enrolling Medicaid recipients with the goal of increasing care coordination, improving access to services, and decreasing long-term costs of care for adults with serious mental illness (SMI) and children with severe emotional disturbance (SED). To evaluate these aims, a retrospective interrupted time series study using Medicaid claims data was designed. First, a comparable subset of non-enrolled individuals was selected from the pool of Medicaid recipients with SMI or SED using propensity score matching. Then, segmented regression was applied to three outcomes: total Medicaid charges, number of outpatient behavioral health …
An Approach To Neutrosophic Dialogue And A Response To Wef's Great Reset: How Dialogue Is Required In Order To Preserve Social Justice With Anger Management, Victor Christianto, Florentin Smarandache
An Approach To Neutrosophic Dialogue And A Response To Wef's Great Reset: How Dialogue Is Required In Order To Preserve Social Justice With Anger Management, Victor Christianto, Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
In recent debates, there are arguments on the role of anger in order to preserve social justice. For instance, in open democracy net, there is promoted phrase: "anger is the language of social justice." Others call for anger fueled with love (Sisonke Msimangs). Is that true? Is it achievable, the so-called "anger with love?"
A Neutrosophic Clinical Decision-Making System For Cardiovascular Diseases Risk Analysis, Florentin Smarandache, Shaista Habib, Wardat-Us- Salam, M. Arif Butt, Muhammad Akram
A Neutrosophic Clinical Decision-Making System For Cardiovascular Diseases Risk Analysis, Florentin Smarandache, Shaista Habib, Wardat-Us- Salam, M. Arif Butt, Muhammad Akram
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Early diagnosis of heart disease can reduce this large number of deaths so that treatment can be carried out. Many decision-making systems have been developed, but they are too complex for medical professionals. To target these objectives, we develop an explainable neutrosophic clinical decision-making system for the timely diagnose of cardiovascular disease risk. We make our system transparent and easy to understand with the help of explainable artificial intelligence techniques so that medical professionals can easily adopt this system. Our system is taking thirtyfive symptoms as input parameters, which are, gender, …
"A Comparison Of Variable Selection Methods Using Bootstrap Samples From Environmental Metal Mixture Data", Paul-Yvann Djamen
"A Comparison Of Variable Selection Methods Using Bootstrap Samples From Environmental Metal Mixture Data", Paul-Yvann Djamen
Mathematics & Statistics ETDs
In this thesis, I studied a newly developed variable selection method SODA, and three customarily used variable selection methods: LASSO, Elastic net, and Random forest for environmental mixture data. The motivating datasets have neuro-developmental status as responses and metal measurements and demographic variables as covariates. The challenges for variable selections include (1) many measured metal concentrations are highly correlated, (2) there are many possible ways of modeling interactions among the metals, (3) the relationships between the outcomes and explanatory variables are possibly nonlinear, (4) the signal to noise ratio in the real data may be low. To compare these methods …
An Improved Method For Spectroscopic Quality Classification, Elizabeth G. Mayer
An Improved Method For Spectroscopic Quality Classification, Elizabeth G. Mayer
Mathematics & Statistics ETDs
Spectral quality classification is a vital step in data cleaning before the
analysis of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) data can be done. This
analysis compares five methods of quality classification; three of these are
legacy methods, Maudsley et al. (2006), Zhang et al. (2018), and
Bustillo et al. (2020), and two newly created methods that used a random forests
classifier (RFC) to inform their classifications. We found that the random forest
classifier was the most accurate at predicting spectra quality (balanced
accuracy for RF of 88% vs legacy of 70%, 72%, or 72%). A
Random-Forests-Informed Filtering method (RFIFM) for quality …
A Review Of Major Role Of Vitamin D3 In Human Immune System And Its Possible Use For Novel Corona Virus Treatment, Florentin Smarandache, Victor Christianto
A Review Of Major Role Of Vitamin D3 In Human Immune System And Its Possible Use For Novel Corona Virus Treatment, Florentin Smarandache, Victor Christianto
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
the evidences showing major role of Vitamin D3 in human immune system and its potential use for novel corona virus treatment. Our argument is based on research finding that corona virus has viral envelope glycoproteins. In this regard, Vitamin D3 proves to offer various beneficial effects, including immunomodulatory effect, in order to break the glycoproteins envelope of the virus. One of the greatest benefit of vitamin D3 is the fact that it is easy to get 10,000 - 20,000 IU of daily intake requirement, by sunbathing for more or less twenty minutes. Such a method is likely applicable in many …
A Short Remark On Multipurpose Laser Therapy “Helios” In Ukraine And Its Potential Application For Treatment Of Neurology Disorders, Florentin Smarandache, Volodymyr Krasnoholovets, Victor Christianto, Rizha Vitania, The Houw Liong
A Short Remark On Multipurpose Laser Therapy “Helios” In Ukraine And Its Potential Application For Treatment Of Neurology Disorders, Florentin Smarandache, Volodymyr Krasnoholovets, Victor Christianto, Rizha Vitania, The Houw Liong
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
However, a truly multipurpose laser therapy method is very rarely available. Here we introduce a multipurpose laser therapy device in Ukraine, which is capable to take care a multitude of diseases. It is called “Helios”, by one of us (VK). We also give a case where a patient who suffered from Covid-19 has been treated successfully until he is recovered to healthy condition. In the last section we also discuss potential future application of Helios for other fields; i.e. neurology disorders.
A Short Remark On Bong Han Duct System (Pvs) As A Neutrosophic Bridge Between Eastern And Western Medicine Paradigms, Victor Christianto, Florentin Smarandache
A Short Remark On Bong Han Duct System (Pvs) As A Neutrosophic Bridge Between Eastern And Western Medicine Paradigms, Victor Christianto, Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
In a previous paper in this journal (IJNS), it is mentioned about a possible approach of “curemony” as a middle way in order to reconcile Eastern and Western’s paradigms of medicine [1]. Although it is known in literature that there are some attempts to reconcile between Eastern and Western medicine paradigms, known as “integrative medicine,” here a new viewpoint is submitted, i.e. Bong Han duct system (PVS), which is a proof of Meridian system, can be a bridge between those two medicine paradigms in neutrosophic sense. This can be considered as a Neutrosophic Logic way to bridge or reconcile the …
New Types Of Neutrosophic Set/Logic/Probability, Neutrosophic Over-/ Under-/ Off Set, Neutrosophic Refined Set, And Their Extension To Plithogenic Set/Logic/Probability, With Applications, Florentin Smarandache
New Types Of Neutrosophic Set/Logic/Probability, Neutrosophic Over-/ Under-/ Off Set, Neutrosophic Refined Set, And Their Extension To Plithogenic Set/Logic/Probability, With Applications, Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
This international collective massive book, edited by Florentin Smarandache, has 716 pages, and represents the special issue on neutrosophic environment at SYMMETRY international journal (Scopus, Web of Science, IF: 2.143). The book contains 37 published papers, by 73 authors and coauthors, from 13 countries from around the world, in alphabetical order: China, Cuba, Ecuador, Egypt, India, Jordan, Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, Romania, Saudi Arabia, United Kingdom, and United States of America.
How To Balance Intuitive And Analytical Functions Of Brain: A Neutrosophic Way Of Scientific Discovery Process, Florentin Smarandache, Victor Christianto, Robert Neil Boyd
How To Balance Intuitive And Analytical Functions Of Brain: A Neutrosophic Way Of Scientific Discovery Process, Florentin Smarandache, Victor Christianto, Robert Neil Boyd
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
Initially this article stems from our discussion on math and mysticism, inspired by an article by Ralph Abraham. But it becomes a discussion on the role of intuition and inspiration in scientific discovery process. Hopefully this article will help anyone who aspires to be good scientists or engineers.
On The Efficacy Of Moringa Oleifera As Anticancer Treatment: A Literature Survey, Florentin Smarandache, Victor Christianto
On The Efficacy Of Moringa Oleifera As Anticancer Treatment: A Literature Survey, Florentin Smarandache, Victor Christianto
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
Medicinal plants are important elements of indigenous medical system that have persisted in developing countries. Many of the botanical chemo-preventions currently used as potent anticancer agents. However, some important anticancer agents are still extracted from plants because they cannot be synthesized chemically on a commercial scale due to their complex structures that often contain several chiral centers. The aim of this study was to test different extracts from the Moringa oleifera leaves. Previous studies have shown potentially antioxidant, antitumor promoter, anticlastogen and anticarcinogen activities both in vitro and in vivo. Emerging evidence indicates that efficacy of Moringa oleifera in cancer …
An Integral Triune Model Of Human Consciousness And Its Implications To Cancer Treatment, Victor Christianto, Florentin Smarandache
An Integral Triune Model Of Human Consciousness And Its Implications To Cancer Treatment, Victor Christianto, Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
To emphasize what we have outlined in a preceding paper, we consider the following: that human consciousness model should take into consideration “spirit” role, i.e. the mind-body-spirit as integral aspect, which view is neglected in the so-called Freudian mental model. In this paper, we consider two approaches to cancer treatment derived from such an integral triune view of human consciousness, including (a) healing frequency approach as advised by Royal Rife and David Hawkins, and also (b) relational therapy, based on recent research on the healing role of love and compassion.
Non-Locality, Precognition & Spirit From The Physics Point Of View, Florentin Smarandache, Victor Christianto
Non-Locality, Precognition & Spirit From The Physics Point Of View, Florentin Smarandache, Victor Christianto
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
There are various supernatural phenomena which can hardly be explained by the existing mainstream science, for instance non-local interactions (e.g. ESP) and also precognitive interdictions. And there are other problems such as how to include the Spirit in the framework of physics. For example, it has been known for long time that intuition plays significant role in many professions and human life, including entrepreneurship, government, and also in detective or law enforcement activities. Despite these examples, such a precognitive interdiction is hardly accepted in mainstream science. In this paper, we discuss non-local interactions and advanced solutions of Maxwell equations, and …
On The Efficacy Of High-Dose Ascorbic Acid As Anticancer Treatment: A Literature Survey, Florentin Smarandache, Victor Christianto
On The Efficacy Of High-Dose Ascorbic Acid As Anticancer Treatment: A Literature Survey, Florentin Smarandache, Victor Christianto
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid, ascorbate) has a controversial history in cancer treatment. Emerging evidence indicates that ascorbate in cancer treatment deserves re-examination. As research results concerning ascorbate pharmacokinetics and its mechanisms of action against tumor cells have been published, and as evidence from case studies has continued to mount that ascorbate therapy could be effective if the right protocols were used, interest among physicians and scientists has increased.
Neutrosophic Computing And Machine Learning, Vol. 1, Florentin Smarandache, Maikel Leyva-Vázquez
Neutrosophic Computing And Machine Learning, Vol. 1, Florentin Smarandache, Maikel Leyva-Vázquez
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
La neutrosofía es una nueva rama de la filosofía la cual estudia el origen, naturaleza y alcance de las neutralidades, así como sus interacciones con diferentes espectros ideacionales: (A) es una idea, proposición, teoría, evento, concepto o entidad; anti (A) es el opuesto de (A); y (neut-A) significa ni (A) ni anti (A), es decir, la neutralidad entre los dos extremos. Etimológicamente neutron-sofía [Frances neutre < Latin neuter, neutral, y griego sophia, conocimiento] significa conocimiento de los pensamiento neutrales y comenzó en 1995. Su teoría fundamental afirma que toda idea < A > tiende a ser neutralizada, disminuida, balaceada por las ideas (no solo como Hegel planteó)- como un estado de equilibrio.
A Sketch Of Consciousness Space Beyond Freudian Mental Model And Implications To Socio-Economics Modeling And Integrative Cancer Therapy, Florentin Smarandache, Victor Christianto
A Sketch Of Consciousness Space Beyond Freudian Mental Model And Implications To Socio-Economics Modeling And Integrative Cancer Therapy, Florentin Smarandache, Victor Christianto
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
In this paper, we give an outline of an ongoing study to go beyond Freudian mental archetypal model. First, we discuss the essence of numerous problems that we suffer in our sophisticated and modernized society. Then we discuss possibility to reintroduce spirit into human consciousness. While we are aware that much remain to be done and we admit that this is only a sketch, we hope that this paper will start a fresh approach of research towards more realistic nonlinear consciousness model with wide ranging implications to socio-economic modeling and also integrative cancer therapy. At the last section we also …
Proposed Method For Measuring The Let Of Radiotherapeutic Particle Beams, Stephen D. Bello
Proposed Method For Measuring The Let Of Radiotherapeutic Particle Beams, Stephen D. Bello
Physics & Astronomy ETDs
The Bragg peak geometry of the depth dose distributions for hadrons allows for precise and effective dose delivery to tumors while sparing neighboring healthy tissue. Further, compared against other forms of radiotherapeutic treatments, such as electron beam therapy (EBT) or photons (x and \(\gamma\)-rays), hadrons create denser ionization events along the particle track, which induces irreparable damage to DNA, and thus are more effective at inactivating cancerous cells. The measurement of radiation's ability to inactivate cellular reproduction is the relative biological effectiveness (RBE). A quality related to the RBE that is a measurable physical property is the linear energy transfer …
A Retinal Vessel Detection Approach Based On Shearlet Transform And Indeterminacy Filtering On Fundus Images, Florentin Smarandache, Yanhui Guo, Umit Budak, Abdulkadir Sengur
A Retinal Vessel Detection Approach Based On Shearlet Transform And Indeterminacy Filtering On Fundus Images, Florentin Smarandache, Yanhui Guo, Umit Budak, Abdulkadir Sengur
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
A fundus image is an effective tool for ophthalmologists studying eye diseases. Retinal vessel detection is a significant task in the identification of retinal disease regions. This study presents a retinal vessel detection approach using shearlet transform and indeterminacy filtering. The fundus image’s green channel is mapped in the neutrosophic domain via shearlet transform. The neutrosophic domain images are then filtered with an indeterminacy filter to reduce the indeterminacy information. A neural network classifier is employed to identify the pixels whose inputs are the features in neutrosophic images. The proposed approach is tested on two datasets, and a receiver operating …