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Articles 1 - 13 of 13
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Effective Number Theory: Counting The Identities Of A Quantum State, Ivan Horváth, Robert Mendris
Effective Number Theory: Counting The Identities Of A Quantum State, Ivan Horváth, Robert Mendris
Anesthesiology Faculty Publications
Quantum physics frequently involves a need to count the states, subspaces, measurement outcomes, and other elements of quantum dynamics. However, with quantum mechanics assigning probabilities to such objects, it is often desirable to work with the notion of a “total” that takes into account their varied relevance. For example, such an effective count of position states available to a lattice electron could characterize its localization properties. Similarly, the effective total of outcomes in the measurement step of a quantum computation relates to the efficiency of the quantum algorithm. Despite a broad need for effective counting, a well-founded prescription has not …
Unveiling The Molecular Mechanism Of Sars-Cov-2 Main Protease Inhibition From 137 Crystal Structures Using Algebraic Topology And Deep Learning, Duc Duy Nguyen, Kaifu Gao, Jiahui Chen, Rui Wang, Guo-Wei Wei
Unveiling The Molecular Mechanism Of Sars-Cov-2 Main Protease Inhibition From 137 Crystal Structures Using Algebraic Topology And Deep Learning, Duc Duy Nguyen, Kaifu Gao, Jiahui Chen, Rui Wang, Guo-Wei Wei
Mathematics Faculty Publications
Currently, there is neither effective antiviral drugs nor vaccine for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Due to its high conservativeness and low similarity with human genes, SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) is one of the most favorable drug targets. However, the current understanding of the molecular mechanism of Mpro inhibition is limited by the lack of reliable binding affinity ranking and prediction of existing structures of Mpro-inhibitor complexes. This work integrates mathematics (i.e., algebraic topology) and deep learning (MathDL) to provide a reliable ranking of the binding …
Simulating Phase Transitions And Control Measures For Network Epidemics Caused By Infections With Presymptomatic, Asymptomatic, And Symptomatic Stages, Benjamin Braun, Başak Taraktaş, Brian Beckage, Jane Molofsky
Simulating Phase Transitions And Control Measures For Network Epidemics Caused By Infections With Presymptomatic, Asymptomatic, And Symptomatic Stages, Benjamin Braun, Başak Taraktaş, Brian Beckage, Jane Molofsky
Mathematics Faculty Publications
We investigate phase transitions associated with three control methods for epidemics on small world networks. Motivated by the behavior of SARS-CoV-2, we construct a theoretical SIR model of a virus that exhibits presymptomatic, asymptomatic, and symptomatic stages in two possible pathways. Using agent-based simulations on small world networks, we observe phase transitions for epidemic spread related to: 1) Global social distancing with a fixed probability of adherence. 2) Individually initiated social isolation when a threshold number of contacts are infected. 3) Viral shedding rate. The primary driver of total number of infections is the viral shedding rate, with probability of …
Simultaneous Zeros Of A System Of Two Quadratic Forms, Nandita Sahajpal
Simultaneous Zeros Of A System Of Two Quadratic Forms, Nandita Sahajpal
Theses and Dissertations--Mathematics
In this dissertation we investigate the existence of a nontrivial solution to a system of two quadratic forms over local fields and global fields. We specifically study a system of two quadratic forms over an arbitrary number field. The questions that are of particular interest are:
- How many variables are necessary to guarantee a nontrivial zero to a system of two quadratic forms over a global field or a local field? In other words, what is the u-invariant of a pair of quadratic forms over any global or local field?
- What is the relation between u-invariants of a …
Effects Of Aperiodicity And Frustration On The Magnetic Properties Of Artificial Quasicrystals, Barry Farmer
Effects Of Aperiodicity And Frustration On The Magnetic Properties Of Artificial Quasicrystals, Barry Farmer
Theses and Dissertations--Physics and Astronomy
Quasicrystals have been shown to exhibit physical properties that are dramatically different from their periodic counterparts. A limited number of magnetic quasicrystals have been fabricated and measured, and they do not exhibit long-range magnetic order, which is in direct conflict with simulations that indicate such a state should be accessible. This dissertation adopts a metamaterials approach in which artificial quasicrystals are fabricated and studied with the specific goal of identifying how aperiodicity affects magnetic long-range order. Electron beam lithography techniques were used to pattern magnetic thin films into two types of aperiodic tilings, the Penrose P2, and Ammann-Beenker tilings. SQUID …
Eigenvalue Statistics And Localization For Random Band Matrices With Fixed Width And Wegner Orbital Model, Benjamin Brodie
Eigenvalue Statistics And Localization For Random Band Matrices With Fixed Width And Wegner Orbital Model, Benjamin Brodie
Theses and Dissertations--Mathematics
We discuss two models from the study of disordered quantum systems. The first is the Random Band Matrix with a fixed band width and Gaussian or more general disorder. The second is the Wegner $n$-orbital model. We establish that the point process constructed from the eigenvalues of finite size matrices converge to a Poisson Point Process in the limit as the matrix size goes to infinity.
The proof is based on the method of Minami for the Anderson tight-binding model. As a first step, we expand upon the localization results by Schenker and Peled-Schenker-Shamis-Sodin to account for complex energies. We …
The Direct Scattering Map For The Intermediate Long Wave Equation, Joel Klipfel
The Direct Scattering Map For The Intermediate Long Wave Equation, Joel Klipfel
Theses and Dissertations--Mathematics
In the early 1980's, Kodama, Ablowitz and Satsuma, together with Santini, Ablowitz and Fokas, developed the formal inverse scattering theory of the Intermediate Long Wave (ILW) equation and explored its connections with the Benjamin-Ono (BO) and KdV equations. The ILW equation\begin{align*} u_t + \frac{1}{\delta} u_x + 2 u u_x + Tu_{xx} = 0, \end{align*} models the behavior of long internal gravitational waves in stratified fluids of depth $0< \delta < \infty$, where $T$ is a singular operator which depends on the depth $\delta$. In the limit $\delta \to 0$, the ILW reduces to the Korteweg de Vries (KdV) equation, and in the limit $\delta \to \infty$, the ILW (at least formally) reduces to the Benjamin-Ono (BO) equation.
While the KdV equation is very well understood, a rigorous analysis of inverse scattering for the ILW equation remains to be accomplished. There is currently no rigorous proof that the Inverse Scattering …
Geometry Of Linear Subspace Arrangements With Connections To Matroid Theory, William Trok
Geometry Of Linear Subspace Arrangements With Connections To Matroid Theory, William Trok
Theses and Dissertations--Mathematics
This dissertation is devoted to the study of the geometric properties of subspace configurations, with an emphasis on configurations of points. One distinguishing feature is the widespread use of techniques from Matroid Theory and Combinatorial Optimization. In part we generalize a theorem of Edmond's about partitions of matroids in independent subsets. We then apply this to establish a conjectured bound on the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity of a set of fat points.
We then study how the dimension of an ideal of point changes when intersected with a generic fat subspace. In particular we introduce the concept of a ``very unexpected hypersurface'' …
Scrollar Invariants Of Tropical Chains Of Loops, Kalila Joelle Sawyer
Scrollar Invariants Of Tropical Chains Of Loops, Kalila Joelle Sawyer
Theses and Dissertations--Mathematics
We define scrollar invariants of tropical curves with a fixed divisor of rank 1. We examine the behavior of scrollar invariants under specialization, and compute these invariants for a much-studied family of tropical curves. Our examples highlight many parallels between the classical and tropical theories, but also point to some substantive distinctions.
Algebraic And Geometric Properties Of Hierarchical Models, Aida Maraj
Algebraic And Geometric Properties Of Hierarchical Models, Aida Maraj
Theses and Dissertations--Mathematics
In this dissertation filtrations of ideals arising from hierarchical models in statistics related by a group action are are studied. These filtrations lead to ideals in polynomial rings in infinitely many variables, which require innovative tools. Regular languages and finite automata are used to prove and explicitly compute the rationality of some multivariate power series that record important quantitative information about the ideals. Some work regarding Markov bases for non-reducible models is shown, together with advances in the polyhedral geometry of binary hierarchical models.
Solutions To Systems Of Equations Over Finite Fields, Rachel Petrik
Solutions To Systems Of Equations Over Finite Fields, Rachel Petrik
Theses and Dissertations--Mathematics
This dissertation investigates the existence of solutions to equations over finite fields with an emphasis on diagonal equations. In particular:
- Given a system of equations, how many solutions are there?
- In the case of a system of diagonal forms, when does a nontrivial solution exist?
Many results are known that address (1) and (2), such as the classical Chevalley--Warning theorems. With respect to (1), we have improved a recent result of D.R. Heath--Brown, which provides a lower bound on the total number of solutions to a system of polynomials equations. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that several of our lower bounds …
Periodic Points On Tori: Vanishing And Realizability, Shane Clark
Periodic Points On Tori: Vanishing And Realizability, Shane Clark
Theses and Dissertations--Mathematics
Let $X$ be a finite simplicial complex and $f\colon X \to X$ be a continuous map. A point $x\in X$ is a fixed point if $f(x)=x$. Classically fixed point theory develops invariants and obstructions to the removal of fixed points through continuous deformation. The Lefschetz Fixed number is an algebraic invariant that obstructs the removal of fixed points through continuous deformation. \[L(f)=\sum_{i=0}^\infty (-1)^i \tr\left(f_i:H_i(X;\bQ)\to H_i(X;\bQ)\right). \] The Lefschetz Fixed Point theorem states if $L(f)\neq 0$, then $f$ (and therefore all $g\simeq f$) has a fixed point. In general, the converse is not true. However, Lefschetz Number is a complete invariant …
Graph-Theoretic Simplicial Complexes, Hajos-Type Constructions, And K-Matchings, Julianne Vega
Graph-Theoretic Simplicial Complexes, Hajos-Type Constructions, And K-Matchings, Julianne Vega
Theses and Dissertations--Mathematics
A graph property is monotone if it is closed under the removal of edges and vertices. Given a graph G and a monotone graph property P, one can associate to the pair (G,P) a simplicial complex, which serves as a way to encode graph properties within faces of a topological space. We study these graph-theoretic simplicial complexes using combinatorial and topological approaches as a way to inform our understanding of the graphs and their properties.
In this dissertation, we study two families of simplicial complexes: (1) neighborhood complexes and (2) k-matching complexes. A neighborhood complex is a simplicial …