Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Comparative Population Genetics And Evolutionary History Of Two Commonly Misidentified Billfishes Of Management And Conservation Concern, Andrea M. Bernard, Mahmood S. Shivji, Eric Prince, Fabio H.V. Hazin, Freddy Arocha, Andres Domingo, Kevin A. Feldheim

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

Background: Misidentifications between exploited species may lead to inaccuracies in population assessments, with potentially irreversible conservation ramifications if overexploitation of either species is occurring. A notable showcase is provided by the realization that the roundscale spearfish (Tetrapturus georgii), a recently validated species, has been historically misidentified as the morphologically very similar and severely overfished white marlin (Kajikia albida) (IUCN listing: Vulnerable). In effect, no information exists on the population status and evolutionary history of the enigmatic roundscale spearfish, a large, highly vagile and broadly distributed pelagic species. We provide the first population genetic evaluation of the …

Book Review - Wild Connection: What Animal Courtship And Mating Tell Us About Human Relationships, J. Matthew Hoch

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

No abstract provided.

Scaling Ecosystem Services To Reef Development : Effects Of Oyster Density On Nitrogen Removal And Reef Community Structure, M. Lisa Kellogg, Jeffrey C. Cornwell, Michael S. Owens, Mark Luckenbach, Paige G. Ross, Thomas A. Leggett, Jennifer C. Dreyer C. Dreyer, Bowdoin Lusk, Alan Birch, Edward Smith

Reports

Eighteen native oyster experimental reefs (16-m2 each) were restored using six oyster densities (0, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 250 adult oysters m-2) with three replicates of each density at each of two sites: one subtidal site in Onancock Creek, Virginia and one intertidal site in Hillcrest Oyster Sanctuary within The Nature Conservancy’s Virginia Coast Reserve. A science-based monitoring program explored quantitative relationships between structural and functional characteristics of these restored reefs. Structural parameters examined included oyster abundance, oyster size/biomass, surface shell volume, reef topographic complexity and sediment characteristics. Functional parameters included denitrification rates and macrofaunal abundance and biomass. Data …

Effects Of Ocean Acidification On The Dissolution Rates Of Reef-Coral Skeletons, Robert Van Woesik, Kelly Van Woesik, Liana Van Woesik, Sandra Van Woesik

Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

Ocean acidification threatens the foundation of tropical coral reefs. This study investigated three aspects of ocean acidification: (i) the rates at which perforate and imperforate coral-colony skeletons passively dissolve when pH is 7.8, which is predicted to occur globally by 2100, (ii) the rates of passive dissolution of corals with respect to coral-colony surface areas, and (iii) the comparative rates of a vertical reef-growth model, incorporating passive dissolution rates, and predicted sea-level rise. By 2100, when the ocean pH is expected to be 7.8, perforate Montipora coral skeletons will lose on average 15 kg CaCO3 m􀀀2 y􀀀1, which is approximately …

Comment On “Chemically Mediated Behavior Of Recruiting Corals And Fishes: A Tipping Point That May Limit Reef Recovery”, Andrew H. Baird, Vivian R. Cumbo, Joana Figueiredo, Saki Harii, Tom Hata, Joshua S. Madin

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

Dixson et al. (2014) report that coral larvae navigate towards chemical cues associated with healthy reefs and avoid cues from degraded reefs. However, the swimming capabilities of coral larvae and well-established patterns of recruitment and reef hydrodynamics indicate that coral larvae will not be able to use these cues to recruit to healthy reefs. Perfuming degraded reefs, as suggested by Dixson et al (2014), will not enhance recovery rather it will distract from the difficult task of reducing fishing effort and improving water quality.

Temperature-Induced Viral Resistance In Emiliania Huxleyi (Prymnesiophyceae), B. Jacob Kendrick, Giacomo R. Ditullio, Tyler Cyronak, James M. Fulton, Benjamin A. S. Van Mooy, Kay D. Bidle

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

Annual Emiliania huxleyi blooms (along with other coccolithophorid species) play important roles in the global carbon and sulfur cycles. E. huxleyi blooms are routinely terminated by large, host-specific dsDNA viruses, (Emiliania huxleyi Viruses; EhVs), making these host-virus interactions a driving force behind their potential impact on global biogeochemical cycles. Given projected increases in sea surface temperature due to climate change, it is imperative to understand the effects of temperature on E. huxleyi’s susceptibility to viral infection and its production of climatically active dimethylated sulfur species (DSS). Here we demonstrate that a 3°C increase in temperature induces EhV-resistant phenotypes …

Marginal Coral Populations: The Densest Known Aggregation Of Pocillopora In The Galápagos Archipelago Is Of Asexual Origin, Iliana B. Baums, Meghann Devlin-Durante, Beatrice A. A. Laing, Joshua S. Feingold, Tyler B. Smith, Andrew Bruckner, Joao Monteiro

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

Coral populations at distributional margins frequently experience suboptimal and variable conditions. Recurrent El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) warming events have caused extensive mortality of reef-building corals in the Eastern Pacific, and particularly impacted branching pocilloporid corals in the Galápagos Islands. Pocillopora spp. were previously more common and formed incipient reefs at several locations in the archipelago but now occur as scattered colonies. Here, we report an unusually concentrated aggregation of colonies and evaluate their current genetic diversity. In particular we focus on a large population of 1614 live Pocillopora colonies found in a volcanic lagoon along the southern shore of Isabela …

Aptian To Santonian Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy And Paleoenvironmental Change In The Sverdrup Basin As Revealed At Glacier Fiord, Axel Heiberg Island, Canadian Arctic Archipelago, Claudia J. Schröder-Adams, Jens O. Herrle, Ashton F. Embry, James W. Haggart, Jennifer M. Galloway, Adam T. Pugh, David M. Harwood

ANDRILL Research and Publications

Exceptional exposures of a High Arctic Cretaceous sedimentary record were studied at Glacier Fiord, Axel Heiberg Island. The succession reveals a complex Aptian to Santonian paleoenvironmental history of the Sverdrup Basin that documents several global events. Foraminiferal faunas in combination with rare macrofossil occurrences permit the distinction of nine zones that facilitate biostratigraphic correlations to other High Arctic locales, the Beaufort Mackenzie Basin and the Western Interior Sea. The depositional environment as exposed in the Christopher, Hassel, Bastion Ridge and Kanguk formations changed frequently from a shelf to a shoreface setting. Most sequence boundaries appear to be conformable where shoaling …

The Status Of Fishes In The Missouri River, Nebraska: Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser Fulvescens), Kirk D. Steffensen, Sam Stukel, Dane A. Shuman

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) occurrences in the Missouri River along Nebraska’s eastern border are historically sporadic and rare. Presently, the wild Lake Sturgeon population in this river reach may be extirpated. A Recovery Program initiated by the Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC) has stocked almost 150,000 hatchery-reared Lake Sturgeon into the lower Missouri River at several sites in Missouri. As a result, the number of Lake Sturgeon collected has increased. Since monitoring began in 2003, no Lake Sturgeon have been collected above Gavins Point Dam while 40 fish were collected downstream of Gavins Point Dam. The majority of …

Iron Sources And Dissolved-Particulate Interactions In The Seawater Of The Western Equatorial Pacific, Iron Isotope Perspectives, M. Labatut, F. Lacan, C. Pradoux, J. Chmeleff, A. Radic, J. W. Murray, F. Poitrasson, Anne M. Johansen, F. Thil

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences

This work presents iron isotope data in the western equatorial Pacific. Marine aerosols and top core margin sediments display a slightly heavy Fe isotopic composition (δ⁵⁶Fe) of 0.33 ± 0.11‰ (2SD) and 0.14 ± 0.07‰, respectively. Samples reflecting the influence of Papua New Guinea runoff (Sepik River and Rabaul volcano water) are characterized by crustal values. In seawater, Fe is mainly supplied in the particulate form and is found with a δ⁵⁶Fe between −0.49 and 0.34 ± 0.07‰. The particulate Fe seems to be brought mainly by runoff and transported across continental shelves and slopes. …

Measuring The Socio-Economic Characteristics Of A Lionfish Derby Event, Adam Nardelli, Stephanie Green, L. Akins, David W. Kerstetter

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Proceedings, Presentations, Speeches, Lectures

No abstract provided.

First Record Of The Tropical House Gecko Hemidactylus Mabouia (Moreau De Jonnès, 1818) In Texas, Alejandro Fierro-Cabo, August Rentfro

School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Invasions of the tropical house gecko Hemidactylus mabouia (Moreau de Jonnes, 1818) in the tropical Americas are well documented. While this gecko has been reported as well established and expanding its range in Florida, here we document the first record in the United States outside of this state. We detected a small reproducing population in Cameron County, Brownsville, Texas. We expect a rapid colonization of buildings by this species in southern Texas. We consider that this potential invasion poses novel obstacles to the continued presence of the earlier invasive Mediterranean gecko Hemidactylus turcicus (Linnaeus, 1758) across Texas

Cruise: Yr130619, Stations: S5153- S5168, York River Estuary And Pamunkey River, Virginia, Mudbed Longitudinal Profiler Station Survey Bracketing An Ebb Tide., Kelsey A. Fall, Grace M. Cartwright, Carl T. Friedrichs, David G. Bowers

Data

Dataset consists of profile and water column burst Data collected as part of a longitudinal profiler station survey at approximately 20 km, 25 km, 35 km, 45 km, 56 km and 62 km upriver from the mouth of the York River Estuary.

Cruise: Yr130612, Stations: S5127- S5138, York River Estuary And Pamunkey River, Virginia, Mudbed Longitudinal Profiler Station Survey Bracketing A Flood Tide., Kelsey A. Fall, Grace M. Cartwright, Carl T. Friedrichs, David G. Bowers

Data

Dataset consists of profile and water column burst Data collected as part of a longitudinal profiler station survey at approximately 20 km, 25 km, 35 km, 45 km, 56 km and 62 km upriver from the mouth of the York River Estuary.

Cruise: Yr130618, Stations: S5139- S5152, York River Estuary And Pamunkey River, Virginia, Mudbed Longitudinal Profiler Station Survey Bracketing An Ebb Tide., Kelsey A. Fall, Grace M. Cartwright, Carl T. Friedrichs, David G. Bowers

Data

Dataset consists of profile and water column burst Data collected as part of a longitudinal profiler station survey at approximately 20 km, 25 km, 35 km, 45 km, 56 km and 62 km upriver from the mouth of the York River Estuary.

Mammalian Keratin Associated Proteins (Krtaps) Subgenomes: Disentangling Hair Diversity And Adaptation To Terrestrial And Aquatic Environments, Imran Khan, Emanuel Maldonado, Vitor Vasconcelos, Stephen J. O'Brien, Warren E. Johnson, Agostinho Antunes

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

Background: Adaptation of mammals to terrestrial life was facilitated by the unique vertebrate trait of body hair, which occurs in a range of morphological patterns. Keratin associated proteins (KRTAPs), the major structural hair shaft proteins, are largely responsible for hair variation.

Results: We exhaustively characterized the KRTAP gene family in 22 mammalian genomes, confirming the existence of 30 KRTAP subfamilies evolving at different rates with varying degrees of diversification and homogenization. Within the two major classes of KRTAPs, the high cysteine (HS) subfamily experienced strong concerted evolution, high rates of gene conversion/recombination and high GC content. In contrast, high glycine-tyrosine …

Possible Recovery Of Acropora Palmata (Scleractinia:Acroporidae) Within The Veracruz Reef System, Gulf Of Mexico: A Survey Of 24 Reefs To Assess The Benthic Communities, Elizabeth Anne Larson, David S. Gilliam, Mauricio Lopez Padierna, Brian K. Walker

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

Recent evidence shows that Acropora palmata within the Veracruz Reef System, located in the southwestern Gulf of Mexico, may be recovering after the die off from the flooding of the Jamapa River and a dramatic cold water event in the 1970s. Since this decline, few surveys have documented the status of A. palmata. The 28 named reefs in the system are divided into 13 northern and 15 southern groups by the River. Between 2007 and 2013, we surveyed 24 reefs to assess the benthic communities. Seven of the 11 reefs surveyed in the northern group and all in the …

Regional Differences In Quality Of Krill And Fish As Prey Along The Western Antarctic Peninsula, Kate E. Ruck, Deborah K. Steinberg, Elizabeth A. Canuel

VIMS Articles

The warming trend in the northern part of the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) has led to a decrease in perennial and summer sea ice, an increase in heat content over the shelf, and lower phytoplankton biomass, which could affect the prey quality of krill and fish that are utilized by apex predators. We compared prey quality metrics, including elemental (C, N) content; total, neutral, and polar lipid content; and energy densities of known penguin prey items including krill (Euphausia superba, Thysanoessa macrura, and E. crystallorophias) and fish (silverfish Pleuragramma antarcticum and the myctophid Electrona antarctica) …

Enhanced Acidification Of Global Coral Reefs Driven By Regional Biogeochemical Feedbacks, Tyler Cyronak, Kai G. Schulz, Isaac R. Santos, Bradley D. Eyre

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

Physical uptake of anthropogenic CO₂ is the dominant driver of ocean acidification (OA) in the open ocean. Due to expected decreases in calcification and increased dissolution of CaCO₃ framework, coral reefs are thought to be highly susceptible to OA. However, biogeochemical processes can influence the pCO₂ and pH of coastal ecosystems on diel and seasonal time scales, potentially modifying the long‐term effects of increasing atmospheric CO₂. By compiling data from the literature and removing the effects of short‐term variability, we show that the average pCO₂ of coral reefs throughout the globe has increased ~3.5‐fold …

Cruise: Yr080507, Stations: S4526- S4540, Clay Bank, York River Virginia 3-Hour Mudbed Calibration Survey From A Slack To Flood Tide, Grace M. Cartwright, Carl T. Friedrichs

Data

Dataset consists of profile and water column burst Data and bottom burst Data collected as part of a 3-hour anchor station survey in support of an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) tripod deployed in nearby location.

Cruise: Yr080416, Stations: S4489- S4497, Gloucester Point, York River Virginia 5-Hour Mudbed Calibration Survey Bracketing An Ebb Tide, Grace M. Cartwright, Carl T. Friedrichs

Data

Dataset consists of profile and water column burst Data and bottom burst Data collected as part of a 5-hour anchor station survey in support of an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) tripod deployed in nearby location.

Cruise: Yr080415, Stations: S4461- S4488, Clay Bank, York River Virginia 6-Hour Mudbed Calibration Survey Bracketing An Ebb Tide, Grace M. Cartwright, Carl T. Friedrichs

Data

Dataset consists of profile and water column burst Data and bottom burst Data collected as part of a 6-hour anchor station survey in support of an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) tripod deployed in nearby location.

Cruise: Yr080418, Stations: S4498- S4514, Clay Bank, York River Virginia 3-Hour Mudbed Calibration Survey From A Slack To Ebb Tide, Grace M. Cartwright, Carl T. Friedrichs

Data

Dataset consists of profile and water column burst Data and bottom burst Data collected as part of a 3-hour anchor station survey in support of an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) tripod deployed in nearby location.

Cruise: Yr080505, Stations: S4515- S4525, Clay Bank, York River Virginia 3-Hour Mudbed Calibration Survey From A Slack To Flood Tide, Grace M. Cartwright, Carl T. Friedrichs

Data

Dataset consists of profile and water column burst Data and bottom burst Data collected as part of a 3-hour anchor station survey in support of an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) tripod deployed in nearby location.

Cruise: Yr080515, Stations: S4565- S4591, Clay Bank, York River Virginia 3-Hour Mudbed Calibration Survey From A Slack To Flood Tide, Grace M. Cartwright, Carl T. Friedrichs

Data

Dataset consists of profile and water column burst Data and bottom burst Data collected as part of a 3-hour anchor station survey in support of an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) tripod deployed in nearby location.

Cruise: Yr080606, Stations: S4602- S4620, Clay Bank, York River Virginia 3-Hour Mudbed Calibration Survey From A Slack To Flood Tide, Grace M. Cartwright, Carl T. Friedrichs

Data

Dataset consists of profile and water column burst Data and bottom burst Data collected as part of a 3-hour anchor station survey in support of an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) tripod deployed in nearby location.

Cruise: Yr080609, Stations: S4621- S4635, Clay Bank, York River Virginia 3-Hour Mudbed Calibration Survey From A Slack To Flood Tide, Grace M. Cartwright, Carl T. Friedrichs

Data

Dataset consists of profile and water column burst Data and bottom burst Data collected as part of a 3-hour anchor station survey in support of an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) tripod deployed in nearby location.

Cruise: Yr080603, Stations: S4582- S4601, Clay Bank, York River Virginia 3-Hour Mudbed Calibration Survey From A Slack To Flood Tide, Grace M. Cartwright, Carl T. Friedrichs

Data

Dataset consists of profile and water column burst data and bottom burst data collected as part of a 3-hour anchor station survey in support of an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) tripod deployed in nearby location.

Cruise: Yr080514, Stations: S4541- S4564, Clay Bank, York River Virginia 3-Hour Mudbed Calibration Survey From A Slack To Flood Tide, Grace M. Cartwright, Carl T. Friedrichs

Data

Dataset consists of profile and water column burst Data and bottom burst Data collected as part of a 3-hour anchor station survey in support of an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) tripod deployed in nearby location.

Cruise: Yr080731, Stations: S4677- S4700, Gloucester Point, York River Virginia 6-Hour Mudbed Calibration Survey Bracketing A Ebb Tide, Grace M. Cartwright, Carl T. Friedrichs

Data

Dataset consists of profile and water column burst Data and bottom burst Data collected as part of a 6-hour anchor station survey in support of an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) tripod deployed in nearby location.