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- Keyword
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- Geomorphology (4)
- Remote sensing (2)
- Areal Geology (1)
- Carbon sequestration (1)
- Climate change (1)
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- Climatic changes (1)
- Coarse woody debris -- Oregon -- Cummins Creek Wilderness (1)
- Craters Of The Moon National Monument (1)
- Cryosphere (1)
- Dam retirement -- Oregon -- Sandy River Watershed (1)
- Dams -- Location -- Mexico -- Guanajuato -- Case studies (1)
- Debris avalanches (1)
- Debris avalanches -- Southeast Alaska (1)
- Debris avalanches -- Washington (State) -- Mount Rainier (1)
- Earthflows -- Oregon -- Analysis (1)
- Earthflows -- Oregon -- Curry County (1)
- Earthflows -- Oregon -- Oregon Coast Range (1)
- Earthflows -- Oregon -- Pacific Coast (1)
- Ephemeral streams -- Greece -- Kalymnos -- Case studies (1)
- Ephemeral streams -- Oregon -- Salmon-Huckleberry Wilderness -- Case studies (1)
- Erosion -- Measurement (1)
- Erosion -- Oregon -- Bull Run River Watershed (1)
- Faults (Geology) -- Oklahoma (1)
- Faults (Geology) -- Oregon -- Lake Abert (1)
- Floodplains -- Effect of human beings on -- Columbia River Watershed (1)
- Fluvial geomorphology (1)
- Fluvial geomorphology -- Oregon -- Cummins Creek Wilderness (1)
- Fluvial geomorphology -- Oregon -- Sandy River Watershed (1)
- Formations (Geology) -- Oregon -- Alvord Desert (1)
- Geomorphology -- Columbia River Watershed (1)
Articles 1 - 23 of 23
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Climatic Controls On The Kinematics Of The Hooskanaden Landslide, Curry County, Oregon, Kara Kingen
Climatic Controls On The Kinematics Of The Hooskanaden Landslide, Curry County, Oregon, Kara Kingen
Dissertations and Theses
Slow-moving earthflows represent major sources of sediment transport and erosion and are problematic for the management of critical infrastructure. The Hooskanaden Landslide -- a slow-moving earthflow on the southwest coast of Oregon -- crosses US Highway 101 and has been a site of continued interest to the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) due to the weak lithology, erosive environment, and recurrent surge behavior (every ~15 years). Past surges, including the most recent (2019), have occurred during the winter, suggesting that velocity changes are predominantly controlled by climatic inputs. To examine the response of the Hooskanaden Landslide to seasonal and other …
Evaluation Of Manual And Semi-Automated Deep-Seated Landslide Inventory Processes: Willapa Hills, Washington, Tiffany E. Justice
Evaluation Of Manual And Semi-Automated Deep-Seated Landslide Inventory Processes: Willapa Hills, Washington, Tiffany E. Justice
Dissertations and Theses
Recent advances in remote sensing data and technology have allowed for computational models to be designed that successfully extract landforms from the landscape. The goal of this work is to create one such semi-automated model to extract deep-seated landslides located in complex geomorphic terrain. This is accomplished using geographic object-based image analysis (GEOBIA) techniques, considered by leaders in the field of image analysis to have an advantage over traditional automated classification methods. GEOBIA methods can mimic human visual interpretation by including more characteristic features used to assess the relationship between image data and the ground surface such as color reflectance …
Amount And Depositional Fate Of Carbon Mobilized By Landsliding In Se Alaska, Bryce Alois Vascik
Amount And Depositional Fate Of Carbon Mobilized By Landsliding In Se Alaska, Bryce Alois Vascik
Dissertations and Theses
Forest disturbances in the form of landslides mobilize carbon (C) sequestered in vegetation and soils. The mobilized C has two basic depositional fates, deposition onto hillslopes or into water, which sequester C from and release C to the atmosphere at different time scales. The C-dense old-growth temperate forests of SE Alaska are a unique location to quantify the C mobilization rate by frequent landslide events. In this study, we estimate the amount of C mobilized by debris flows over historic time scales by combining a landslide inventory with maps of modeled biomass and soil carbon. We then infer depositional fate …
Inventory Of Rock Glaciers In The American West And Their Topography And Climate, Allison Reese Trcka
Inventory Of Rock Glaciers In The American West And Their Topography And Climate, Allison Reese Trcka
Dissertations and Theses
Rock glaciers are flowing geomorphic landforms composed of an ice/debris mixture. A uniform rock glacier classification scheme was created for the western continental US, based on internationally recognized criteria, to merge the various regional published inventories. A total of 2249 rock glaciers (1564 active, 685 inactive) and 7852 features of interest were identified in 10 states (WA, OR, CA, ID, NV, UT, ID, MT, WY, CO, NM). Sulfur Creek rock glacier in Wyoming is the largest active rock glacier (2.39 km2). The mean area and elevation for active and inactive rock glaciers are 0.18 km2, 3384 …
Detecting Geomorphic Change And Stream Channel Evolution On The Sandy River, Oregon, Using Lidar Following Dam Removal In 2007, Lowell Henry Anthony
Detecting Geomorphic Change And Stream Channel Evolution On The Sandy River, Oregon, Using Lidar Following Dam Removal In 2007, Lowell Henry Anthony
Dissertations and Theses
Following the removal of Marmot Dam on the Sandy River, Oregon, several Lidar flights were flown over the area of the former reservoir. The resultant sequential DEMs permitted calculation of reach-scale volumetric erosion and aggradation following dam removal. This allows for change detection across the entire affected reach of the former impoundment rather than just at several cross sections. In the first year there was a net loss of blank sediment in the dewatered reach. Subsequent flights show continued degradation of 145,649 m3 as well as aggradation of 6,232 m3. Sediment transport reached quasi-equilibrium in 2012 with …
Snowmelt Detection On Alpine Glaciers Using Synthetic Aperture Radar Time Series, Corey Scher
Snowmelt Detection On Alpine Glaciers Using Synthetic Aperture Radar Time Series, Corey Scher
Dissertations and Theses
Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) glaciers serve as some of the most sensitive indicators of changes in global climate. These glaciers shape the hydrologic dynamics of river systems supplying freshwater to over 2 billion people throughout Asia and regulate the geochemistry of sensitive aquatic alpine ecosystems. As snowmelt onsets sooner, lasts longer, and snowfields retreat due to increases in global temperature, the hydrologic dynamics of catchments draining HKH threaten to change the availability of surface freshwater resources for nearly one fifth of the global population, disturb sensitive aquatic habitat, and precipitate hazards associated with glacier wasting. Informed planning and decision-making around …
Quantifying Knickpoint Behavior And Erosion Mechanisms In An Urbanized Watershed, Bull Mountain, Washington County, Oregon, Max Gregory Bordal
Quantifying Knickpoint Behavior And Erosion Mechanisms In An Urbanized Watershed, Bull Mountain, Washington County, Oregon, Max Gregory Bordal
Dissertations and Theses
Quantifying spatial and temporal patterns of rapid channelized erosion, on human time scales, is critical to understanding its processes and their consequences. This investigation utilized field observations, repeat terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), and Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry (SfM) to document the size and retreat rates of a knickpoint, defined as a localized near-vertical reach of a fluvial channel, and its contribution to erosion, in an urbanizing landscape with a loess substrate. The Bull Mountain area, in Washington County, southwest of Portland, Oregon, is an ideal study area, offering a measurable knickpoint that translates the response of the rapid erosion throughout this transient …
Using Repeat Terrestrial Laser Scanning And Photogrammetry To Monitor Reactivation Of The Silt Creek Landslide In The Western Cascade Mountains, Linn County, Oregon, Justin Craig Mccarley
Using Repeat Terrestrial Laser Scanning And Photogrammetry To Monitor Reactivation Of The Silt Creek Landslide In The Western Cascade Mountains, Linn County, Oregon, Justin Craig Mccarley
Dissertations and Theses
Landslides represent a serious hazard to people and property in the Pacific Northwest. Currently, the factors leading to sudden catastrophic failure vs. gradual slow creeping are not well understood. Utilizing high-resolution monitoring techniques at a sub-annual temporal scale can help researchers better understand the mechanics of mass wasting processes and possibly lead to better mitigation of their danger. This research used historical imagery analysis, precipitation data, aerial lidar analysis, Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetry, terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), and hydrologic measurements to monitor displacement of the Silt Creek Landslide in the western Cascade Mountain Range in Linn County, Oregon. This …
Constraining The Holocene Extent Of The Northwest Meers Fault, Oklahoma Using High-Resolution Topography And Paleoseismic Trenching, Kristofer Tyler Hornsby
Constraining The Holocene Extent Of The Northwest Meers Fault, Oklahoma Using High-Resolution Topography And Paleoseismic Trenching, Kristofer Tyler Hornsby
Dissertations and Theses
The Meers Fault (Oklahoma) is one of few seismogenic structures with Holocene surface expression in the stable continental region of North America. Only the ~37 km-long southeastern section of the ~55 km long Meers Fault is interpreted to be Holocene-active. The ~17 km-long northwestern section is considered to be Quaternary-active (pre-Holocene); however, its low-relief geomorphic expression and anthropogenic alteration have presented difficulties in evaluating the fault length and style of Holocene deformation. We reevaluate surface expression and earthquake timing of the northwestern portion of the Meers Fault to improve fault characterization, earthquake rupture models, and seismic hazard evaluations based on …
A Numerical Model Investigation Of The Role Of The Glacier Bed In Regulating Grounding Line Retreat Of Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica, Michael Scott Waibel
A Numerical Model Investigation Of The Role Of The Glacier Bed In Regulating Grounding Line Retreat Of Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica, Michael Scott Waibel
Dissertations and Theses
I examine how two different realizations of bed morphology affect Thwaites Glacier response to ocean warming through the initiation of marine ice sheet instability and associated grounding line retreat. A state of the art numerical ice sheet model is used for this purpose. The bed configurations used are the 1-km resolution interpolated BEDMAP2 bed and a higher-resolution conditional simulation produced by John Goff at the University of Texas using the same underlying data. The model is forced using a slow ramp approach, where melt of ice on the floating side of the grounding line is increased over time, which gently …
Application Of Numerical Modeling To Study River Dynamics: Hydro-Geomorphological Evolution Due To Extreme Events In The Sandy River, Oregon, Sarkawt Hamarahim Muhammad
Application Of Numerical Modeling To Study River Dynamics: Hydro-Geomorphological Evolution Due To Extreme Events In The Sandy River, Oregon, Sarkawt Hamarahim Muhammad
Dissertations and Theses
The Sandy River (OR) is a coastal tributary of the Columbia River and has a steep hydroshed 1316 square kilometers which is located on the western side of Mount Hood (elevation range 3 m to 1800 m). The system exhibits highly variable flow: Its average discharge is ~40 m3/s, and the highest recorded discharge was 1739 m3/s in 1964. In this study I model the geomorphic sensitivity of an 1800m reach located the downstream of the former Marmot Dam, which was removed in 2007. The hydro-geomorphic response to major flood has implications for system management and …
Effects Of Spatially Distributed Stream Power On Check Dam Function In Small Upland Watersheds: A Case Study Of The Upper Laja Watershed, Guanajuato, Mexico, Zachary Andrew Herzfeld
Effects Of Spatially Distributed Stream Power On Check Dam Function In Small Upland Watersheds: A Case Study Of The Upper Laja Watershed, Guanajuato, Mexico, Zachary Andrew Herzfeld
Dissertations and Theses
Watershed restoration comes in a variety of forms depending on which set of problems are sought to be remedied. Severe soil erosion, in the form of gullying and/or headcutting, can be mitigated through constructing check dams in well-selected locations. This practice has been used throughout the upland subwatersheds within the Upper Laja River watershed in Guanajuato, México. The present study employed Wolman pebble counts to systematically assess the effectiveness of 21 check dams located near the city of San Miguel de Allende. Particle size distributions taken directly downstream and upstream of each check dam were differentiated, aggregated and compared--with the …
Factors Driving The Concentration Of Ephemeral Flow, Gretchen Anne Guyer
Factors Driving The Concentration Of Ephemeral Flow, Gretchen Anne Guyer
Dissertations and Theses
In spite of decades of related research, stream channel initiation is still not well understood. Current theories of channel initiation are grounded in research conducted by Montgomery and Dietrich, largely in the transport limited, temperate, humid climate of the Pacific Northwest, USA. This field data driven work concluded that the drainage area required for channel initiation is directly correlated to the slope of the contributing area. However, there are a host of related variables that have yet to be examined in the field. This study revisits the slope-area relationship focusing on ephemeral overland flow in headwaters of both the Pacific …
Slope Failure Detection Through Multi-Temporal Lidar Data And Geotechnical Soils Analysis Of The Deep-Seated Madrone Landslide, Coast Range, Oregon, Michael Scott Marshall
Slope Failure Detection Through Multi-Temporal Lidar Data And Geotechnical Soils Analysis Of The Deep-Seated Madrone Landslide, Coast Range, Oregon, Michael Scott Marshall
Dissertations and Theses
Landslide hazard assessment of densely forested, remote, and difficult to access areas can be rapidly accomplished with airborne light detection and ranging (lidar) data. An evaluation of geomorphic change by lidar-derived digital elevation models (DEMs) coupled with geotechnical soils analysis, aerial photographs, ground measurements, precipitation data, and numerical modeling can provide valuable insight to the reactivation process of unstable landslides. A landslide was selected based on previous work by Mickleson (2011) and Burns et al. (2010) that identified the Madrone Landslide with significant volumetric changes. This study expands on previous work though an evaluation of the timing and causation of …
Debris Flow Susceptibility Map For Mount Rainier, Washington Based On Debris Flow Initiation Zone Characteristics From The November, 2006 Climate Event In The Cascade Mountains, Kassandra Lindsey
Dissertations and Theses
In November 2006 a Pineapple Express rainstorm moved through the Pacific Northwest generating record precipitation, 22 to 50 cm in the two-day event on Mt. Rainier. Copeland (2009) and Legg (2013) identified debris flows in seven drainages in 2006; Inter Fork, Kautz, Ohanapecosh, Pyramid, Tahoma, Van Trump, and West Fork of the White River. This study identified seven more drainages: Carbon, Fryingpan, Muddy Fork Cowlitz, North Puyallup, South Mowich, South Puyallup, and White Rivers. Twenty-nine characteristics, or attributes, associated with the drainages around the mountain were collected. Thirteen were used in a regression analysis in order to develop a susceptibility …
Quaternary Chronology And Stratigraphy Of Mickey Springs, Oregon, Leslie Allen Mowbray
Quaternary Chronology And Stratigraphy Of Mickey Springs, Oregon, Leslie Allen Mowbray
Dissertations and Theses
Mickey Springs in the Alvord Desert, southeast Oregon, is analogous to other Basin and Range hydrothermal systems where the requisite conditions of heat source and permeable pathways are met through crustal thinning due to normal faulting. This study examines the morphology and lifespan of near-surface spring features through use of ground penetrating radar, thermoluminescence (TL) dating, and elevation modeling. Duration of hydrothermal activity at Mickey Springs has not previously been determined, and age determinations of sinter at the site are conflicting. The reason for and timing of this change in silica saturation in the hydrothermal fluid has not been resolved. …
Landforms Along The Lower Columbia River And The Influence Of Humans, Charles Matthew Cannon
Landforms Along The Lower Columbia River And The Influence Of Humans, Charles Matthew Cannon
Dissertations and Theses
River systems, such as the Columbia River in the Pacific Northwest, USA have been influenced by human activities, resulting in changes to the physical processes that drive landform evolution. This work describes an inventory of landforms along the Columbia River estuary between the Pacific Ocean and Bonneville Dam in Oregon and Washington. Groupings of landforms are assigned to formative process regimes that are used to assess historical changes to floodplain features. The estuary was historically a complex system of channels with a floodplain dominated by extensive tidal wetlands in the lower reaches and backswamp lakes and wetlands in upper reaches. …
The West Tidewater Earthflow, Northern Oregon Coast Range, Barry A. Sanford
The West Tidewater Earthflow, Northern Oregon Coast Range, Barry A. Sanford
Dissertations and Theses
The West Tidewater earthflow, one of the largest in Oregon's history, occurred in December of 1994. The earthflow is located approximately 15 km north of Jewel, Oregon near the summit ofthe Northern Oregon Coast Range Mountains. The earthflow is 900 m long and 250 m wide, giving it a surface area of 9 ha, or 22 acres. Volume is 3.5 million m3. The earthflow occurred in low strength, well-bedded, tuffaceous, carbonaceous, micaceous, clay-rich mudstone, and very fine-grained, feldspathic, clay-rich siltstone of the lower Miocene age Northrup Creek Formation. The soil clay fractions contain up to 90% smectite with …
Large Woody Debris Mobility Areas In A Coastal Old-Growth Forest Stream, Oregon, Beth Marie Bambrick
Large Woody Debris Mobility Areas In A Coastal Old-Growth Forest Stream, Oregon, Beth Marie Bambrick
Dissertations and Theses
This study uses a spatial model to visualize LWD mobility areas in an approximate 1km reach of Cummins Creek, a fourth-order stream flowing through an old-growth Sitka spruce-western hemlock forest in the Oregon Coast Range. The model solves a LWD incipient motion equation for nine wood size combinations (0.1m, 0.4m, 1.7m diameters by 1.0m, 6.87m, 47.2m lengths) during the 2-year, 10-year, and 100-year discharge events. Model input variables were derived from a combination of field survey, remotely sensed, and modeled data collected or derived between June 2010 and July 2011. LWD mobility map results indicate the 2-year discharge mobilizes all …
A Characterization Of Lake Abert Tufa Mounds Lake Abert, Oregon, Anthony Lynn Bartruff
A Characterization Of Lake Abert Tufa Mounds Lake Abert, Oregon, Anthony Lynn Bartruff
Dissertations and Theses
A series of tufa mounds is found within the northern basin of Lake Abert, located within southeastern Oregon. The mounds have been divided into 3 main groups and 1 sub-group (A1, A2, B, and C) based upon spatial and textural considerations. Mound groups appear at two different elevations: the 1310 meter elevation (Groups A2, B, and C), and the 1318 meter elevation (Group A1). Published carbon age dating of the Lake Abert 1325 meter strandline and the 1310 meter strandline indicates that the mounds were formed during the Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene. Facies analysis and mineralogical analysis of the mounds indicates …
Late Pleistocene And Holocene Aged Glacial And Climatic Reconstructions In The Goat Rocks Wilderness, Washington, United States, Joshua Andrews Heard
Late Pleistocene And Holocene Aged Glacial And Climatic Reconstructions In The Goat Rocks Wilderness, Washington, United States, Joshua Andrews Heard
Dissertations and Theses
Eight glaciers, covering an area of 1.63 km2, reside on the northern and northeastern slopes of the Goat Rocks tallest peaks in the Cascades of central Washington. At least three glacial stands occurred downstream from these glaciers. Closest to modern glacier termini are Little Ice Age (LIA) moraines that were deposited between 1870 and 1899 AD, according to the lichenometric analysis. They are characterized by sharp, minimally eroded crests, little to no soil cover, and minimal vegetation cover. Glacier reconstructions indicate that LIA glaciers covered 8.29 km2, 76% more area than modern ice coverage. The average LIA equilibrium line altitude …
Geomorphic Character, Age And Distribution Of Rock Glaciers In The Olympic Mountains, Washington, Steven Paul Welter
Geomorphic Character, Age And Distribution Of Rock Glaciers In The Olympic Mountains, Washington, Steven Paul Welter
Dissertations and Theses
Rock glaciers are tongue-shaped or lobate masses of rock debris which occur below cliffs and talus in many alpine regions. They are best developed in continental alpine climates where it is cold enough to preserve a core or matrix of ice within the rock mass but insufficiently snowy to produce true glaciers. Previous reports have identified and briefly described several rock glaciers in the Olympic Mountains, Washington {Long 1975a, pp. 39-41; Nebert 1984), but no detailed integrative study has been made regarding the geomorphic character, age,and distribution of these features.
Geology Of North Craters Of The Moon National Monument, Idaho, William C. Sidle
Geology Of North Craters Of The Moon National Monument, Idaho, William C. Sidle
Dissertations and Theses
The purpose of the investigation was to map the geology of the north end of Craters of the Moon National Monument and surrounding area. A stratigraphic sequence of Late Paleozoic sedimentary and Tertiary volcanic rocks was compiles and the structures of these rocks and contact relationships with intrusions were delineated. Grade and facies of contact metamorphism were defined. The Snake River Plain basalts were also mapped. The sources of these flows were determined where possible. Preexisting structures and relationships of vents to earlier faulting were explored in ascertaining extensions of the Great Rift Zone into the Pioneer Mountains. Petrographic descriptions …