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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
"Pit Craters", Lava Tubes, And Open Vertical Volcanic Conduits In Hawaii: A Problem In Terminology, William R. Halliday
"Pit Craters", Lava Tubes, And Open Vertical Volcanic Conduits In Hawaii: A Problem In Terminology, William R. Halliday
International Journal of Speleology
Almost from the 1849 publication of the term pit crater, volcanologists have disagreed about the parameters differentiating these features from other vertical volcanic structures. Kaluaiki is a jameo giving entry to Thurston Lava Tube in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Long-standing misidentification of it as a pit crater is an example of misunderstandings arising from the lack of a clear definition of pit crater. In general, pit craters are unrelated to lava tube caves genetically, but two special cases are discussed. One probably is genetically related to a rift tube deep below the surface; the other is a complex of a …
Hollow Volcanic Tumulus Caves Of Kilauea Caldera, Hawaii County, Hawaii, William R. Halliday
Hollow Volcanic Tumulus Caves Of Kilauea Caldera, Hawaii County, Hawaii, William R. Halliday
International Journal of Speleology
In addition to lava tube caves with commonly noted features, sizable subcrustal spaces of several types exist on the floor of Kilauea Caldera. Most of these are formed by drainage of partially stabilized volcanic structures enlarged or formed by injection of very fluid lava beneath a plastic crust. Most conspicuous are hollow tumuli, possibly first described by Walker in 1991. Walker mapped and described the outer chamber of Tumulus E-1 Cave. Further exploration has revealed that it has a hyperthermic inner room beneath an adjoining tumulus with no connection evident on the surface. Two lengthy, sinuous hollow tumuli also are …
Sheet Flow Caves Of Kilauea Caldera, Hawaii County, Hawaii, William R. Halliday
Sheet Flow Caves Of Kilauea Caldera, Hawaii County, Hawaii, William R. Halliday
International Journal of Speleology
Terminal lobes of sheet flows of pahoehoe lava sometimes form three-dimensional nests, initially separated by partitions consisting of accreted "skins” of each lobe. Melting breaks down these partitions, forming a uniform flow unit. In Kilauea Caldera we have found and mapped sizable drained cavities in low-slope sheet flows. Their general pattern includes three-dimensional nests, with partially melted septa evident in some examples. Christmas Cave is the most extensive found to date, with 632 meters surveyed on two levels. It is located at the lower end of an inflated sheet flow tongue which underwent local deflation as a result of drainage …